Green Arrow

Green Arrow
Green Arrow (Modern Version) Cover to Green Arrow (vol. 5) #17 (February 2013). Art by Andrea Sorrentino.
Publication information
Publisher	DC Comics
First appearance	More Fun Comics #73 (November 1941)
Created by	Mort Weisinger George Papp
In-story information
Alter ego	Oliver Jonas Queen
Team affiliations	Justice League Queen Industries The Outsiders Seven Soldiers of Victory White Lantern Corps
Partnerships	Black Canary Mia Dearden (Speedy) Roy Harper (Speedy/Arsenal/Red Arrow) Green Lantern (Hal Jordan) Connor Hawke (Green Arrow) Batman Superman Barry Allen (Flash)
Notable aliases	The Emerald Archer, The Battling Bowman, Mayor Queen, Auu Lanu Lau'ava, Poltergeist
Abilities	Acute accuracy and dexterity Intelligent tactician Master archer Highly skilled martial artist, escapologist, marksman, bowman and swordsman Highly skilled acrobatic and athletic Peak human physical and mental condition Use of high tech vehicles, gadgets, armor, and a recurve bow with a variety of trick arrows
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	Cover to Green Arrow (vol. 3) #60 (May 2006). Art by Scott McDaniel.
Series publication information
Publisher	DC Comics
Schedule	Monthly
Format	(vol 1) Limited series (remainder) present[1]
Publication date	(vol 1) May – August 1984 (vol 2) February 1988 – November 1998 (vol 3) April 2001 – August 2007 (.../Black Canary) December 2007 – April 2010 (vol 4) April – June 2010 (vol 5) August 2010 – August 2011 (vol 6) September 2011 – present
Number of issues	(vol 1) 4 (vol 2) 139 (including issues numbered 0 and 1000000), 7 Annuals (vol 3) 75 .../Black Canary 32 (vol 4) 3[1] (vol 5) 15 (vol 6) 45 (#1–38 plus issues numbered 0, 23.1 and 3 Annuals) (as of March 2015 cover date)
Main character(s)	(vol 1, 3–5) Oliver Queen (vol 2) Oliver Queen Connor Hawke (...Black Canary) Oliver Queen Black Canary Supporting characters (vol 2) Black Canary (vol 3) Speedy (Mia Dearden) Black Canary Connor Hawke (vol 3) Connor Hawke
Creative team
Writer(s)	France Herron Elliot S. Maggin Mike Barr (#1-4) Mike Grell (Vol. 2 #1-80, Annual #4, 6) Kevin Dooley, (Vol. 2 #81-82, 87-90) Alan Grant (Vol. 2 #84-85) Doug Moench (Vol. 2 #86) Kelley Puckett (Vol. 2 #0, 91-92) Chuck Dixon (Vol. 2 #83, 93-137, 1000000, Annual #7) Dennis O'Neil (Annual #1-3) Sarah Byam (Annual 2, 5) Kevin Smith (Vol. 3 #1-15) Brad Meltzer (Vol. 3 #16-21) Ben Raab (Vol. 3 #23-25) Judd Winick (Vol. 3 #26-75, Vol. 5 #0, Green Arrow and Black Canary #1-14, Green Arrow and Black Canary Wedding Special #1) Andrew Kreisberg(Green Arrow and Black Canary #15-29, Vol. 5 35-40) J.T. Krul, (Green Arrow and Black Canary #30-32, Vol. 4 #1-15, Vol. 5 #1-3) Keith Giffen (Vol. 5 #3-6) Dan Jurgens (Vol. 5 #3-6) Ann Nocenti (Vol. 5 #7-16) Jeff Lemire (Vol. 5 #17-34 and Futures End one-shot) Ben Sokolowski (Vol. 5 35-40) Ben Percy (Vol. 5 #41-)
Artist(s)	George Papp Jack Kirby Neal Adams Mike Grell Trevor Von Eeden Dick Giordano Jim Aparo Phil Hester Dan Jurgens George Pérez Ray McCarthy Ignacio Calero Harvey Tolibao Steve Kurth Freddie E. Williams III Rob Hunter Andrea Sorrentino Daniel Sampere Patrick Zircher
Inker(s)	Ande Parks

Green Arrow is a fictional superhero who appears in comic books published by DC Comics. Created by Morton Weisinger and designed by George Papp, he first appeared in More Fun Comics #73 in November 1941. His real name is Oliver Queen, a billionaire businessman and owner of Queen Industries, also a well-known celebrity in his locale of Star City.^[2] Sometimes shown dressed like Robin Hood, Green Arrow is an archer who uses his skills to fight crime in his home cities of Star City and Seattle, as well as alongside his fellow superheroes as a member of the Justice League. Though much less frequently used in modern stories, he also deploys a range of trick arrows with various special functions, such as glue, explosive-tipped, grappling hook, flash grenade, tear gas and even kryptonite arrows for use in a range of special situations. At the time of his debut, Green Arrow functioned in many ways as an archery-themed analogue of the very popular Batman character, but writers at DC subsequently developed him into a voice of progressivism very much distinct in character from Batman.

Green Arrow enjoyed moderate success in his early years, becoming the cover feature of More Fun, as well as having occasional appearances in other comics. Throughout his first twenty-five years, however, the character never enjoyed greater popularity. In the late 1960s, writer Denny O'Neil, inspired by the character's dramatic visual redesign by Neal Adams, chose to have him lose his fortune, giving him the then-unique role of a streetwise crusader for the working class and the disadvantaged. In 1970, he was paired with a more law and order-oriented hero, Green Lantern, in a ground-breaking, socially conscious comic book series.^[3] Since then, he has been popular among comic book fans and most writers have taken an urban, gritty approach to the character. The character was killed off in the 1990s and replaced by a new character, Oliver's son Connor Hawke. Connor, however, proved a less popular character, and the original Oliver Queen character was resurrected in the 2001 "Quiver" storyline, by writer Kevin Smith. In the 2000s, the character has been featured in bigger storylines focusing on Green Arrow and Black Canary, such as the DC event The Green Arrow/Black Canary Wedding and the high-profile Justice League: Cry for Justice storyline, prior to the character's relaunch alongside most of DC's properties in 2011.

Green Arrow was not initially a well-known character outside of comic book fandom: he had appeared in a single episode of the animated series Super Friends in 1973. In the 2000s, the character appeared in a number of DC television properties, including the animated series Justice League Unlimited, Young Justice, The Batman and Batman: The Brave and the Bold, and several DC Universe Animated Original Movies. In live action, he appeared in the series Smallville, played by actor Justin Hartley, and became a core cast member. In 2012, the live action series Arrow debuted on The CW, in which the title character is portrayed by Stephen Amell, earning positive reviews^[4] and launched several spin-off series, becoming the starting point for a DC Comics' shared television universe.

Publication history

Beginnings, 1941–1968

A panel of More Fun Comics #73 (November 1941), featuring Green Arrow and Speedy's debut and their original costumes. Art by George Papp.

Green Arrow and Speedy first appeared in More Fun Comics #73 (cover-dated November 1941), which was illustrated by artist George Papp. When Mort Weisinger was creating the character, aside from the obvious allusions to Robin Hood, took inspiration from a movie serial, The Green Archer, based on the novel by Edgar Wallace. He retooled the concept into a superhero archer with obvious Batman influences.^[5] These include Green Arrow's sidekick Speedy, his use of an Arrowcar and Arrow-Plane for transportation, his use of an Arrow-Cave as his headquarters, his alter ego as a billionaire playboy, the use of an Arrow-Signal to summon him, as well as a clown-like arch foe named Bull's Eye, similar to Batman's arch-foe, the Joker.

Another Weisinger-created character, Aquaman, also appeared for the first time in that issue. These two back-up features continued to run concurrently in More Fun Comics until the mid-1940s, as well as then in Adventure Comics between 1946 and 1960. Green Arrow and Speedy also appeared in various issues of World's Finest Comics until issue #140 (1964). The Green Arrow and Speedy feature was one of five back-up features to be promoted in one of the earliest team-up books, Leading Comics.

Green Arrow was one of the few DC characters to keep going after the Golden Age of Comic Books. The longevity of the character was due to the influence of creator Mort Weisinger, who kept Green Arrow and Aquaman as back-up features to the headlining Superboy feature, first in More Fun Comics and then Adventure Comics. Aside from sharing Adventure Comics with him, issue #258 featured an encounter between a younger Oliver Queen and Superboy. The Green Arrow and Speedy feature during this period included a short run in 1958 written by Dick and Dave Wood and drawn by Jack Kirby. For much of this period, Green Arrow's adventures were written by France Herron, who was the character's primary scripter 1947–1963.^[6]

Neal Adams and Dennis O'Neil, 1969–1983

In 1969, artist Neal Adams updated the character's visual appearance by giving him a Van Dyke beard and costume of his own design in The Brave and the Bold #85 (August–September 1969).^[7] Writer Dennis O'Neil followed up on Green Arrow's new appearance by completely remaking the character's attitude in Justice League of America #75 (cover-dated November 1969), having Oliver Queen lose his fortune and become an outspoken advocate of the underprivileged and the political left wing. The story also turned teammate Black Canary into a love interest for Queen.^[8]

Green Lantern (vol. 2) #76 (April 1970). Cover art by Neal Adams.

In ~the early 1970s, Green Arrow became a co-feature with Green Lantern (Hal Jordan) in an acclaimed series of stories by O'Neil and Adams that dealt with various social and political issues. The two co-stars served to represent contrasting sociopolitical viewpoints: Green Arrow spoke for radical change while Green Lantern was an establishment liberal figure, wanting to work within existing institutions of government and law.^[8] Queen convinces Jordan to see beyond his strict obedience to the Green Lantern Corps, to help those who were neglected or discriminated against. O'Neil explained: "He would be a hot-tempered anarchist to contrast with the cerebral, sedate model citizen who was Green Lantern."^[9] The duo embark on a quest in a beat-up pickup truck to "find America", along the way witnessing the problems of corruption, racism, pollution, as well as overpopulation confronting the nation. One story (in issues #78-79) was even widely interpreted as an allegory for the Manson Family cult murders, though O'Neil has emphasized that the story was about the authoritarian left and not Manson.^[8]

In Green Lantern (vol. 2) #85–86, it is revealed that Green Arrow's ward, Speedy, is addicted to heroin.^[2] Speedy overcomes his addiction with the help of the Black Canary. This story prompted a massive public reaction, including a congratulatory letter from the mayor of New York, John Lindsay.^[8] However, Green Lantern sales had been in a major decline at the time Green Arrow was brought on as co-star, and the O'Neil/Adams stories failed to revive them.^[8] Green Lantern was canceled with issue #89 (April/May 1972), and the climactic story arc of the Green Lantern/Green Arrow series was published as a back-up feature in The Flash #217 through #219. In sharp contrast to the socially relevant tales which preceded it, this story centered on emotional themes, with Green Arrow struggling to deal with the guilt of having killed a man.^[8] Afterwards Green Arrow began appearing in solo stories run as backups in Action Comics, starting with #421. Elliot S. Maggin, who had made his comics debut with a Green Arrow story published in Green Lantern (vol. 2) #87, was Green Arrow's writer for the next several years.^[8]

In 1976, the Green Lantern/Green Arrow title was re-launched, without the socially conscious themes of the original series, with O'Neil writing and Mike Grell drawing. After the title moved to solo Green Lantern stories, solo Green Arrow stories began appearing in World's Finest Comics. In his solo series, Oliver lands a job as a newspaper columnist, which allows him to articulate his political beliefs in a more public field. In World's Finest #255 (1979), Queen unsuccessfully runs for Mayor of Star City.

In May through August 1983, Green Arrow appeared for the first time in his own comic book, a four issue limited series.^[10] This miniseries introduced a running rivalry between Green Arrow and the supervillain Count Vertigo.

In 1985, the Earth-Two Green Arrow dies in the Crisis on Infinite Earths, still wearing red boots and gloves. The Golden Age Earth-2 character had been retconned as a time-lost member of the original Seven Soldiers of Victory superhero team, recovered by the Justice League and Justice Society. After the Crisis, the Earth-Two Green Arrow and Speedy were retconned out of existence altogether, given the end of DC's former multiverse.

Longbow Hunters/Mike Grell ongoing

Green Arrow: The Longbow Hunters #1, the gritty redefinition of Green Arrow. Cover by Mike Grell.

In 1987, DC Comics launched the character into a new ongoing title as part of their mature audience comic line. Written and illustrated by Mike Grell, the revamp was launched with Green Arrow: The Longbow Hunters mini-series.^[11] In this three-issue prestige format limited series, a routine adventure against a group of drug runners led to tragedy as the Black Canary was captured and brutally tortured. In response, Oliver murders his girlfriend's attackers. The mini-series would also introduce the enigmatic female Japanese archer, Shado, whose family had suffered in a World War II internment camp. Shado would later rape Oliver^[12] and become pregnant by him, producing a son named Robert after his father. ^[13]

Under Grell, Green Arrow would abandon the use of his trademark gadget arrows and relocate from Star City to Seattle, Washington. As the series was part of DC Comics' mature audience line, it took on a more gritty, violent, as well as urban tone, with Green Arrow often using deadly force against his enemies. Grell wrote the series for the first 80 issues, downplaying the super-hero aspects of the characters: Oliver abandoned his mask and was never actually referred to as "Green Arrow" and Black Canary was never shown using her sonic scream power. (Sometimes, this was explained as having lost it due to the events of The Longbow Hunters, though this was not consistent with her appearances in other titles published during this period). While crossover specials were conceived to allow other writers (most notably Denny O'Neil, who wrote Batman and the mature audience comic The Question) to use Green Arrow, Grell wrote him as largely isolated from the rest of the DC Universe; when other DC characters like longtime friend Hal Jordan (a.k.a. Green Lantern) appeared, they did so in street clothes and used only their civilian names.^[14]

In place of the super-hero community, Grell created his own supporting cast. In addition to Shado, Grell introduced Seattle police Lieutenant Jim Cameron, who was disgusted with Green Arrow's vigilante actions (including killing criminals), renegade CIA agent Greg Osborne, who began to monitor Queen's activities, as well as mercenary Eddie Fyers, initially introduced as Queen's adversary, but later to become a companion of necessity when Green Arrow was forced to leave Seattle after false accusations of aiding terrorists. Grell's run ended with Green Arrow #80, shortly after Dinah dumped Oliver.

During this period, the writer also redefined the character's origin in the four-part 1992 limited series, Green Arrow: The Wonder Year. Grell portrayed Oliver Queen as a thrill-seeker who inherits his family business at a very young age. Changed by his sojourn on the island, Oliver decided to take up crime fighting as a means of rebelling against his responsibilities. During his first adventure in Star City, Oliver meets an old flame, Brianna Stone, a former college radical who warns him if he continued to carry his bow, he would one day have to use it for real. Grell's limited series also established Queen's attraction toward dangerous women.

Post-Grell

Once Grell left the series, DC almost immediately began restoring Green Arrow to the mainstream DC Universe. His ongoing series (mostly written by Kelley Puckett and drawn by artist Jim Aparo) was removed from the "Mature Audience" line (which had evolved into "Vertigo") with #63, prior to Grell's departure and Green Arrow began appearing in various super-hero titles as a guest: most notably Green Lantern #47, which had Oliver aiding Green Lantern in rescuing his longtime girlfriend Carol Ferris and her family from one of Hal's enemies, as well as the 1994 DC Comics mini-series Zero Hour. In Zero Hour, Queen is forced to shoot his old friend at a pivotal moment. Now tightly integrated in the DC Universe, the character Connor Hawke was introduced and revealed as Oliver Queen's son from a previous relationship.

Connor Hawke and Oliver Queen as Green Arrows on the cover to Green Arrow Secret Files & Origins #1 (December 2002). Art by Matt Wagner.

In Green Arrow #100–101, Oliver would infiltrate a group of eco-terrorists known as the Eden Corps and sacrifice his life in order to prevent the group from detonating a bomb that would destroy the city of Metropolis,^[2] the resulting explosion completely atomising Queen's body so that his identity could only be confirmed by Superman witnessing his death. This allowed the writers to shake up the status quo by making Connor Hawke a replacement Green Arrow. The series, now written by Chuck Dixon, would continue, with Hawke as the main focus until issue #137, when the series was canceled.

Smith, Hester and Parks/Meltzer 2000–2004

Promotional for Green Arrow (vol. 3) #1 cover. Art by Matt Wagner.

In 2000, Oliver Queen is revived in a new series, Green Arrow (vol. 3), in the story arc "Quiver", written by Kevin Smith and illustrated by Phil Hester and Ande Parks. It is revealed that Hal's resurrection of Oliver (seen on the very last page of Green Arrow #137, the final issue of the Oliver/Connor ongoing series) was in reality a deliberately flawed one. In Hal's final hours before sacrificing his life to save the Earth during "The Final Night", Hal speaks with Oliver's soul in the afterlife. The two agree to bring back a version of Oliver Queen: one without a soul (so Oliver may properly stay in Heaven) and with no memory of the events of The Longbow Hunters mini-series or of the subsequent events that followed, up until his death, Oliver reasoning that things went wrong for him after the events that drove him to kill for the first time and feeling that the copy of him was restored at the best point in his life.

For some years, this resurrected Oliver lives in Star City as a vigilante hero, completely under the radar of his other superhero friends, but eventually he is discovered and learns the truth of his resurrection, leaving the resurrected Oliver feeling uncertain about his state now that he knows he has no soul. His resurrection is eventually used by the grandfather of Stanley Dover in an attempt to gain power over the monster that Dover accidentally bound to his grandson, Dover intending to take Oliver's body- possible only due to his lack of a soul- and use his access to the JLA's resources to find the monster. At the climax of the story, Oliver's soul returns from heaven, re-inhabits his resurrected earthly form and helps his son Connor Hawke fight a horde of demons, the body of Oliver having made contact with his soul and convincing him to return to save their son. Dover is defeated and actually consumed by the Beast, who then leaves of his own accord. Oliver also finds himself independently wealthy again, as Dover had transferred all his financial assets to Oliver in anticipation of taking over his body. He also picked up a new sidekick, Mia Dearden, who would become the new Speedy, under Oliver's tutelage.^[15]

After the resurrection storyline, Smith wrote a second and shorter arc involving a super-powered serial killer, calling himself Onomatopoeia, who sought to claim Connor as his latest victim. Smith then left the title and Brad Meltzer took over as writer.

Meltzer's single storyline for Green Arrow featured Oliver and his former sidekick, Roy Harper, reuniting and going on a cross-country road trip to pick up old possessions of Oliver's, most notably a spare Green Lantern power ring entrusted to him by Hal Jordan many years earlier. The story also revealed that Oliver knew all along that Connor was his son and was even present at his birth, but that Oliver ultimately abandoned Connor and his mother, because of his fear of the responsibilities of fatherhood. Meltzer's storyline would continue into the mini-series Green Lantern: Rebirth, which featured Oliver's attempts to use the ring against Sinestro- presumed dead for several years- before the ring is reclaimed by the reborn Hal Jordan.

Meltzer went on to write the mini-series Identity Crisis, which heavily featured Green Arrow as one of the story's main characters, investigating the murder of Sue Dibny- the wife of the Elongated Man- and revealing that the League had been involved in mind-wiping various villains in the past to conceal their secret identities.

During this time, the character also appeared in a number of other titles, such as the Justice League, when he is temporarily brought into a 'reserve League' created by Batman after the original League is nearly killed by the powerful Gamemnae, and Justice League Elite, where Oliver joins a 'black ops' super-team as the team's tactical consultant. His time in the Elite is notable for showing a brief affair with Dawn, the wife of the team's magical expert, Manitou Raven.

Judd Winick, 2004–2008

Judd Winick took over as Green Arrow's writer and made many changes. Mia Dearden, the new Speedy, was revealed to be HIV positive and attempts were made to expand Green Arrow's Rogues Gallery with Merlyn the archer, Constantine Drakon, as well as Danny Brickwell (the Brick) joining the cast of existing Green Arrow villains such as the illusion-casting Count Vertigo and the enigmatic Onomatopoeia, the latter of whom, himself, was a relatively recent addition. Other DC villains, such as the Riddler, made guest appearances throughout his run.

2006 saw the title (along with other DC comics titles) jump "One Year Later" after the events in Infinite Crisis. Oliver, having once again amassed a large personal fortune, is the newly elected mayor of Star City, continuing his fight for justice both on the streets and within the political system.^[16] He also has a new costume, which appears to be a combination of the classic Neal Adams costume and the Mike Grell Longbow Hunters costume. In flashbacks, it is revealed that Oliver survived a near-fatal attack during the events of the Infinite Crisis, as well as used his recuperation time to retrain. He works with several expert instructors including a sensei known as Natas, who also trained Deathstroke, and becomes proficient in several martial arts including the use of swords, which he makes use of on occasion during this time. He is eventually forced to resign from his position as mayor after a scandal where he learns that he had been secretly funding the Outsiders, essentially a bounty hunter team at this point in their history, coupled with his uncertain position with the voting public, having never had much more than 50% of the city on his side at a time. Queen is convinced to resign his position in exchange for his successor leaving the various social aid organisations and resources he had established alone, although Ollie was able to beat his opponent by resigning prior to the election and putting someone he trusted in charge of the city.^[17] The series concluded with Oliver proposing to Dinah (Black Canary).

In 2007, Andy Diggle and Jock's Green Arrow: Year One^[18] presented the newest official version of his origin. Using concepts from previous iterations, Oliver Queen is a rich, thrill-seeking activist who is attacked, thrown overboard and washes up on an island where he learns of a smuggling operation. Upon witnessing the inhabitants' slave-like living conditions, he begins to take down the smugglers' operation. He eventually returns to civilization changed by his experiences. In the final part of the story, Oliver claims that a mutiny or the actions of a group of heroin dealers could be used as a cover story for what transpired, referencing the original Green Arrow origin story, as well as Mike Grell's version.

Green Arrow/Black Canary

After the end of the ongoing series, DC Comics published a four-part bi-monthly Black Canary miniseries in which Green Arrow teamed up with Black Canary to help get Sin into school and establish a new life. This series concluded with the Black Canary accepting his proposal. This resulted in DC Comics publishing three interconnected specials revolving around the Green Arrow/Black Canary wedding that tied into that month's "Countdown" stories. These were The Black Canary Wedding Planner, JLA Wedding Special, as well as The Green Arrow/Black Canary Wedding Special. The wedding special worked as a lead-in for a new Green Arrow/Black Canary series. At the conclusion of the wedding special, the Black Canary is forced to kill Green Arrow after he appears to go mad and attacks her.

The new ongoing series picked up on this, quickly revealing that Green Arrow was alive (the dead Green Arrow being an impostor) and being held hostage by "Athena". The Black Canary, Connor and Mia launch a rescue mission to save Green Arrow. As the team is united and on their way to safety, Connor is struck by a bullet meant for Oliver and is left in a vegetative state. While Connor rests, Oliver and Dinah go out and are officially married, since they had never actually been married in the Wedding Special, but they come home to find Connor has been kidnapped.

This storyline led directly into the second arc that followed the rescue of Connor from a mysterious foe. Connor is eventually found, now having recovered thanks to manipulation by Doctor Sivana. With issue #15, Andrew Kreisberg took over as the series writer.

Blackest Night

Oliver is transformed into a Black Lantern Corps member and attacks his former allies, notably his son, wife and sidekick. During the battle, Connor says he never really forgave his father,^[19] while Oliver's internal monologue reveals his thoughts, which express concerns for his "family" and disgust at his actions. The team manage to disable Oliver by freezing him with liquid nitrogen.

Cry for Justice & Rise and Fall

In the Cry for Justice miniseries, JLA foe Prometheus destroys Star City, as part of a grand scheme to "hurt" the Justice League community of heroes. After tricking the Justice League into releasing him, Green Arrow tracks him down to his hidden lair and kills him with a single arrow right between the eyes.^[20]

This murder, committed in secret, is what Oliver considers justice for the bombings (which also cost the life of Lian Harper, Roy Harper's (Red Arrow) daughter, who was killed in the bombing of Star City) and this immediately leads into the Rise and Fall storyline, in which Oliver obsessively hunts other super-villains allied with Prometheus during the recent events,^[21] including Prometheus's former allies who were involved in the bombing. When his JLA comrades learn of this plot, they confront Green Arrow and he realizes he has crossed a line and turns himself in: Black Canary returns her wedding ring and declares their marriage over. The Green Arrow/Black Canary series ends during this story arc, as well as in the pages of Justice League: Rise and Fall Special; Oliver is tried, but found not guilty as most of the jury sympathise with his motives. He is exiled from Star City's remains as a result, choosing to live in the mysterious forest which has grown at its centre.^[22]

Brightest Day

Following the events of Blackest Night, Deadman was brought to the ruins of Star City by his white ring. Powered by the entity of life on Earth, the ring created a vast green forest, that instantly grew in the presence of the white light, in much of what remained of Star City.^[23]

Unbeknownst to the populace of Star City, Green Arrow returns and lives within the new forest, trying his best to protect a city still reeling from the death and destruction of Prometheus's attacks. With the law breaking down and numerous public figures being murdered, a new owner of Queen Industries, the result of a hostile takeover, arrives to enforce peace and rebuild the city.^[24] This self-proclaimed 'Queen' has a connection to Green Arrow's father and claims to be upholding the Queen family legacy where Oliver failed.^[25]

The New 52

In 2011, DC chose to relaunch its titles with new #1 issues and a refreshed continuity and called this initiative The New 52. Green Arrow was one of 52 titles included in this.^[26] In the post-Flashpoint continuity, Oliver Queen is Green Arrow and he balances his own breaking of laws with his efforts to bring outlaws to justice across the globe. In the new continuity, Queen runs Q-Core, a communications technology company that is part of Queen Industries, through which he funds and armors himself as Green Arrow. He makes scarce allusion to his former partnership with Roy Harper, but Roy's memories in Red Hood and the Outlaws establish that the pair fell out badly, leading Oliver to expel him from Q-Core, as well as prompting Roy's own downward spiral.^[27] He is based once again in Seattle and supported in his vigilante activities by a small team of close friends who are tech geniuses. In addition, his romantic history with the Black Canary, his friendship with Green Lantern (Hal Jordan), and his being a father (to both Connor Hawke and Shado's son Robert Queen II) did not take place as the result of the reboot.

The New 52 series was originally written by J.T. Krul, who was later replaced by Keith Giffen and Dan Jurgens, who were in turn replaced by Ann Nocenti. None of these writers' runs were well received by critics or fans. Beginning with issue 17, the series received a new creative team in writer Jeff Lemire and artist Andrea Sorrentino, who brought more positive reception to the book. Lemire's story introduces new mysteries concerning Oliver's original time on the island where he was shipwrecked, as well as a central mythology concerning the ancient Arrow Clan and several other weapon-themed analogues to the Arrow, known as the Outsiders. New antagonists include Komodo, who Oliver learns was his father's archer apprentice and apparent murderer. It has also seen the New 52 debut of several characters, such as Count Vertigo, Shado, the Clock King, Richard Dragon, as well as John Diggle, a character originally created for the TV series Arrow.

When Oliver meets Shado, he learns she had a daughter from Oliver's father (Robert Queen) named Emiko, whom Komodo has raised as his own daughter. When Oliver returns to the island as part of his investigation into the Outsiders, and in search of a relic known as 'the green arrow', he discovers that his father had survived to the present, and disguised as one of Oliver's torturers on the island, he manipulated Oliver's time there, culminating in Oliver's transformation into the warrior he is today and the hero known as Green Arrow. Disgusted at this revelation, and taking the arrow relic with him, Oliver leaves Shado and his father behind, stranded on the island, before returning to America to take down the Outsiders. Shado and Robert followed Oliver to Prague, and Emiko turned against Komodo after learning the truth of her parentage. Robert was killed by Komodo in an attempt to save his daughter, and Komodo was later killed himself by Emiko.

From 2013, DC also chose to include Green Arrow as a headlining character in its Justice League of America (vol. 3) series, which runs alongside Justice League (vol. 2) and Justice League Dark. In this book, Queen is part of a crack state-sponsored team assembled by Amanda Waller and Steve Trevor of A.R.G.U.S. to bring in good PR for the US government and serve as a defense against the independent Justice League headed by Superman and Batman should they ever go rogue. Following the cancellation of JLA at the conclusion of the Forever Evil storyline, Green Arrow appears in its replacement series, Justice League United, also written by Lemire.

On July 3, 2014, it was announced that Lemire and Sorrentino would be leaving Green Arrow after issue 34, to be replaced by writers Andrew Kreisberg and Ben Sokolowski, and artist Daniel Sampere. Kreisberg is the executive producer of Arrow, and Sokolowski serves as a writer for the show. Kreisberg and Sokolowski's first issue features The New 52 debuts of Felicity Smoak and Mia Dearden. Kreisberg's run sees him face off against the influential magnate John King, who is Mia's father, and his hired gun, Merlyn. At a moment of desperation given King's infinite resources and litany of loyal subjects, Felicity and Diggle recruit some of Green Arrow's allies and old enemies to help in the fight: Batman, Arsenal, Emiko, Katana, Onyx, Cupid and even Lex Luthor, at that time a Justice League member.

Following DC's Convergence storyline in April–May 2015, the title again received a new creative team in writer Ben Percy and artist Patrick Zircher, whose run was more influenced by the horror genre. Elements from Arrow were removed, and characters created by Lemire, such as Emiko and Henry Fyff, were restored to major roles. Percy's first arc depicts Green Arrow confronting a racist serial killer using drone-like security technology in Seattle to systematically target criminals and potential criminals based on computer profiling and police data.

Supporting characters

As with other DC superheroes, Green Arrow has an extensive supporting cast of characters, sometimes called Team Arrow, along with a unique rogues gallery of villains. His supporting cast has changed wildly over the course of the series, but has tended to include his sidekick Speedy (Roy Harper and Mia Dearden) and his fellow superhero and main romantic interest, Black Canary. His son Connor Hawke has also been a part of the Arrow vigilante family, along with Black Canary's adopted daughter Sin. For a brief time, Green Arrow was also "assisted" by the aspiring superhero Miss Arrowette, with whom he had a brief affair. The New 52 reboot of Green Arrow has also introduced a number of new supporting characters for Oliver, including ex-Queen Industries technology experts Naomi Singh and Henry Fyff, and his archer half-sister Emiko Queen. The characters of Felicity Smoak and John Diggle from the Arrow TV series were also adapted into the comic books in 2015. The archer Shado, though not part of Oliver's unit of heroes, has also been a recurring character in Oliver's life. Additionally, Green Arrow has been regularly paired with his fellow superhero Green Lantern (Hal Jordan) in comics, as the two co-starred in the series Green Lantern/Green Arrow together for many years.

As a Justice League member, Green Arrow will also appear cross over with stories featuring other DC flagship characters from time to time. Of his Justice League colleagues, classic stories depict Ollie as having an ongoing feud with Hawkman owing to their differing outlooks on life, and more recently he has been depicted as a good friend of his Justice League United colleague Animal Man. Green Arrow has also been a member of the Outsiders, both in its incarnation as a covert superhero team led by Batman and in its New 52 form as a secret society based around various weapon clans, including an Arrow Clan which Oliver is the rightful head of. In the Golden Age of Comic Books, Green Arrow and Speedy were also affiliated with the superhero group the Seven Soldiers of Victory.

Recurring Green Arrow villains of course include his archnemeses Merlyn, a master archer, and Count Vertigo, a foreign dignitary with the power to disrupt his enemy's balance and perception. Other recurring villains have included China White, Clock King, Cupid, Brick, and Constantine Drakon. Since the 2000s, the longstanding DC supervillain Deathstroke has often been depicted as having a particular grudge against Green Arrow.

Other versions

One-armed Green Arrow in The Dark Knight Returns

Many alternative versions of the character have appeared in DC Comics publications. The original version of the character became established as the Earth-Two version of Green Arrow who was a member of the Seven Soldiers of Victory and All-Star Squadron in the 1940s, along with his sidekick Speedy. Aside from their origin, which states the two were trained together on a mesa top, their history nearly parallels the history of the Earth-One version, up until the point when Green Arrow and Speedy, along with their teammates, were thrown into various periods of time during a battle with the Nebula Man. He was killed during the Crisis on Infinite Earths. A retcon was made, in Crisis on Infinite Earths, that the Earth-Two Green Arrow had brown hair, as opposed to Earth-One's Green Arrow being blond. Similarly, the Earth-Two Speedy has blonde hair, as opposed to Earth-One's Speedy having red.

The character appears in Frank Miller's Batman: The Dark Knight Returns and the sequel Batman: The Dark Knight Strikes Again. Despite missing an arm (implied to be because of Superman), Oliver still proves to be an effective archer (he grasps the nocks of his arrows in his teeth). The Emerald Archer later acquires a cybernetic replacement for his lost arm from Batman in the sequel and there was an action figure made with his missing arm in the box. The death scene in Green Arrow #100–101 pays tribute to Miller's story, when Oliver's arm is trapped in a bomb that he is attempting to disarm on board a plane heading for Metropolis. Superman's only course of action to rescue Green Arrow is by removing his arm, but Queen refuses to let him – admitting later in Quiver that he refused due to both his own issues at this point in his life and the more practical issue that he would be useless as an archer with one arm – thus bringing about his apparent death as he is atomised in the explosion. In The Dark Knight Returns, Queen is portrayed as an anarchist, while in The Dark Knight Strikes Again he is explicitly described as a "billionaire turned Communist."

In JLA: The Nail and its sequel, Oliver is a featured as a crippled ex-hero, having lost an arm, an eye, and the use of his legs in a fight with Amazo, the same battle resulting in the death of Katar Hol. Bitter and furious, he is now wheelchair-bound and spreads fear on Perry White's talk show about the JLA being aliens and claims that they are planning to conquer the world; his former teammates speculate that this is his method of coping. In the sequel, Oliver's brain is transplanted into Amazo's body – the Flash having removed Amazo's computerized brain in an earlier fight – restoring his sanity, allowing him to defeat the creature threatening the universe at the cost of his own life, after mending fences with his former teammates.

In Batman: Holy Terror, Oliver Queen is mentioned as having been executed, found guilty of supporting underground Jewish "pornographers". He has a cameo as Bruce Wayne's society friend in Dean Motter's Batman: Nine Lives. Oliver Queen also appears in Mike Mignola's Batman: The Doom That Came to Gotham, where he is portrayed as a latter-day Templar equipped with magic arrows dipped in the blood of Saint Sebastian. He is killed in issue #2 by Poison Ivy.

An older, balding Green Arrow appears in Mark Waid and Alex Ross' futuristic Kingdom Come, in which Oliver has joined forces with Batman to oppose Superman's army. He married his longtime love Dinah Lance and they have a daughter, Olivia Queen.

Green Arrow appears in League of Justice, a The Lord of the Rings–inspired fantasy where the character is renamed "Longbow Greenarrow": a mysterious wizard resembling Gandalf. JLA: Age of Wonder shows Green Arrow as a defender of the poor and an enemy of oppression.

In the tie-in comic to Injustice: Gods Among Us, Green Arrow was a member of Batman's Insurgency against Superman's Regime. He is killed by Superman when Batman's team infiltrate the Fortress of Solitude to obtain the super-pills. His wife, Black Canary, has his son Connor after his death and continues to work with Batman to bring down Superman, further motivated by Oliver's death. In Year Two, after she's nearly killed by Superman, Doctor Fate intervenes, saves her,and brings her to a universe that has an Oliver Queen who lost his Dinah years ago. He leaves the couple to live a happy life.

Multiverse

DC's weekly series 52 established a new 52-Earth Multiverse. The ongoing series Countdown showcased several of these. On Earth-3, an evil equivalent of Green Arrow is a member of the supervillain co-op called the Crime Society of America. Another evil equivalent exists in the Antimatter Universe called Deadeye. On Earth-15, Roy Harper has replaced Oliver as Green Arrow.^[28] In the gender-reversed world of Earth-11, Oliver is now Olivia Queen, and that world's version of the Black Canary closely resembles him in appearance.^[29] The Kingdom Come (Earth-22) and Dark Knight Returns (Earth-31) stories and their variations of Oliver were later amalgamated into the 52-Earth Multiverse.

In the alternate timeline of the Flashpoint event, Oliver Queen is the head of Green Arrow Industries, a major military contracting company, as well as leads an ex-military band of Green Arrows. Even though Oliver is an inventive genius, he steals advanced gadgets from super-villains for military use. In one day, Oliver discovers his Green Arrows were killed by a female raider. Taking his weapons and gadgets to hunt down the woman in battle, Oliver shockingly learns that she is a daughter of his and Vixen, Oliver's former lover, as well as the reason she attacked him was because Green Arrow Industries built factories which specializing in testing super-villain weapons in American towns that inadvertently became targets for the super-villains looking to gain their weapons back. Shocked by her revelation, Oliver had only been stalling before his daughter is killed by his reserve teams he earlier called.^[30]

The prequel comic to the game Injustice: Gods Among Us shows Green Arrow as joining Batman's Insurgency against Superman's Regime, recognizing the corrupt Man of Steel's harsher approach to ending crime. He is in a romantic relationship with Black Canary and also unintentionally becomes close to Harley Quinn, who he saves from potential wrath from Superman. Near the end of Year One he is beaten to death by Superman in his Fortress of Solitude after a mistaken assumption that the Insurgency has come to harm his adopted parents kept there (though in reality it was a botched attempt to gain a super pill meant to give humans great power). With his final action, Oliver is able to use an arrow to shoot the pill to the Insurgency so that the mission was not in vain. Year Two reveals Canary to be pregnant with Oliver's child, leading her determined to take down Superman for his murder. When Superman nearly kills her Doctor Fate heals and takes Dinah to an alternate universe where a different version of Oliver Queen remains alive but his own Black Canary deceased. Doctor Fate leaves the two to raise the baby—named Conner—together, giving each other a chance at happiness.

Skills and abilities

Oliver Queen is the finest archer ever known. He claims to be able to shoot 29 arrows per minute (he stated this himself, in the Sound of Violence story arc, when he corrected Black Canary for saying 26). He has a wide-variety of trick arrows, ranging from bola arrows to time-bomb arrows to his infamous boxing-glove arrow. In recent years, he has used these arrows sparingly, preferring the time-tested simple target arrow. Green Arrow has shown the ability to shoot an arrow down the barrel of a gun and split a drop of water at the narrowest part as it leaves a tap. He is capable of impaling almost any part of the human body, although he aims only to wound and not kill when he shoots at a person, except when he considers the situation extreme enough. He once shot two arrows down two different gun barrels while upside down, in mid-flip while somersaulting off a building.

He is proficient in several forms of martial arts including judo, wing chun, taekwondo, as well as eskrima. Proclaimed as a martial arts master, he has shown the ability to take on five people at once. He spent several months dedicated to making himself a better fighter and trained with many of the world's finest martial arts teachers and even went through training from Natas, the same person who trained Deathstroke. He has displayed, on many occasions, that he is an acrobatics expert and often uses this skill while evading enemy fire.

Archery is by far Oliver's preferred method of hunting. He is proficient enough in hunting to pursue a cougar without it ever noticing. Oliver is also very proficient with a sword, though it is not his weapon of choice. He has deflected an incoming arrow with the sword he carries.

In Golden Age stories, Green Arrow owned and flew an arrow-shaped airplane called the "Arrow plane". In 1950's stories, he drove an arrow-shaped automobile dubbed the "Arrowcar".

Collected editions

The trade paperback edition of The Archer's Quest (#16–21) was released as Volume 4 in the series after Straight Shooter (#26–31) was released as Volume 3. The hardcover editions of Quiver, The Sounds Of Violence, as well as The Archer's Quest were never numbered.

Title	Material collected	ISBN
Beginnings & Team-up with Green Lantern
The Green Arrow by Jack Kirby	Adventure Comics #250–256, World's Finest Comics #96–99
Showcase Presents: Green Arrow	Adventure Comics #250–266, #268–269; Brave and the Bold #50, #71, #85; Justice League of America #4, World's Finest Comics #95–140	SC: 978-1-4012-0785-4
Green Lantern/Green Arrow Vol. 1	Green Lantern Vol. 2 #76–82 (per indicia, it actually #76-#81, #83). The 1992 edition is titled "Hard-Traveling Heroes". Strangely #82 wasn't reprinted in this collection but #83 was. Issue #82's cover is shown in the cover gallery. DC didn't correct this release at all.	SC: 1992 1-56389-038-0 SC: 2004 1-4012-0224-1
Green Lantern/Green Arrow Vol. 2	Green Lantern Vol. 2 #84–87, #89; The Flash #217–219, #226 (only in the 2004 collections onwards) The 1993 edition is sub-titled "More Hard-Traveling Heroes".	SC: 1993 1-56389-086-0 SC: 2004 978-1-4012-0230-9
The Green Lantern/Green Arrow Collection	Green Lantern Vol. 2 #76–87, #89, The Flash #217–219 (did not include #226) This release was a slipcased hardcover.	HC: 978-1-5638-9639-2
Green Arrow/Black Canary: For Better or for Worse	Justice League of America #75, backups from Action Comics #428 & 434, Joker #4, Green Lantern Vol. 2 #94-95, backup from Detective Comics #549-550, & excerpts from Green Arrow: Longbow Hunters #1, Green Arrow vol. 2 #75 & 101, & Green Arrow Vol. 3 #4-5, 12, & 21	SC: 978-1-4012-1446-3
Green Arrow Vol. 1: Hunters Moon	Green Arrow Vol. 2 #1-6	SC: 978-1-4012-4326-5
Green Arrow Vol. 2: Here There Be Dragons	Green Arrow Vol. 2 #7-12	SC: 978-1-4012-5133-8
Green Arrow Vol. 3: The Trial of Oliver Queen	Green Arrow Vol. 2 #13-20	SC: 978-1-4012-5523-7
Green Arrow Vol. 4: Blood of the Dragon	Green Arrow Vol. 2 #21-28	SC: 978-1-4012-5822-1
Green Arrow Vol. 5: Black Arrow	Green Arrow Vol. 2 #29-35	SC: 978-1-4012-6079-8
Green Lantern: Emerald Allies featuring Green Arrow	Green Arrow Vol. 2 #104, #110–111, #125–126; Green Lantern Vol. 3 #76–77, #92	SC: 978-1-5638-9603-3
Green Lantern: Emerald Knights featuring Green Arrow	Green Arrow Vol. 2 #136, Green Lantern Vol. 3 #99-106	SC: 978-1-563-89475-6
Green Arrow Return
Green Arrow: Quiver	Green Arrow Vol. 3 #1–10	HC: 978-1-5638-9802-0 SC: 978-1-5638-9965-2
Green Arrow: The Sounds of Violence	Green Arrow Vol. 3 #11–15	HC: 978-1-5638-9976-8 SC: 978-1-4012-0045-9
Green Arrow by Kevin Smith Deluxe Edition	Green Arrow Vol. 3 #1-15	HC: 978-1-4012-4596-2
Green Arrow: The Archer's Quest	Green Arrow Vol. 3 #16–21	HC: 978-1-4012-0010-7 SC: 978-1-4012-0044-2
Green Arrow: Straight Shooter	Green Arrow Vol. 3 #26–31	SC: 978-1-4012-0200-2
Green Arrow: City Walls	Green Arrow Vol. 3 #32, #34–39	SC: 978-1-4012-0464-8
Green Arrow: Moving Targets	Green Arrow Vol. 3 #40–50	SC: 978-1-4012-0930-8
Green Arrow: Heading Into the Light	Green Arrow Vol. 3 #52, #54–59	SC: 978-1-4012-1094-6
Green Arrow: Crawling From the Wreckage	Green Arrow Vol. 3 #60–65	SC: 978-1-4012-1232-2
Green Arrow: Road to Jericho	Green Arrow Vol. 3 #66–75	SC: 978-1-4012-1508-8
Green Arrow/Black Canary
Green Arrow/Black Canary: Road to the Altar	Birds of Prey #109, Black Canary #1–4: Black Canary Wedding Planner	SC: 978-1-4012-1863-8
Green Arrow/Black Canary: The Wedding Album	Green Arrow/Black Canary #1–5: Green Arrow/Black Canary Wedding Special	HC: 978-1-4012-1841-6 SC: 978-1-4012-2219-2
Green Arrow/Black Canary: Family Business	Green Arrow/Black Canary #6–10	SC: 978-1-4012-2016-7
Green Arrow/Black Canary: A League of Their Own	Green Arrow/Black Canary #11–14, Green Arrow Secret Files #1	SC: 978-1-4012-2250-5
Green Arrow/Black Canary: Enemies List	Green Arrow/Black Canary #15–20	SC: 978-1-4012-2498-1
Green Arrow/Black Canary: Big Game	Green Arrow/Black Canary #21–26	SC: 978-1-4012-2709-8
Green Arrow/Black Canary: Five Stages	Green Arrow/Black Canary #27–30	SC: 978-1-4012-2898-9
Brightest Day
Green Arrow: Into the Woods	Green Arrow Vol. 4 #1–7	HC: 1-4012-3073-3
Green Arrow: Salvation	Green Arrow Vol. 4 #8–15	HC: 1-4012-3394-5
The New 52
Green Arrow Vol. 1: The Midas Touch	Green Arrow Vol. 5 #1-6	SC: 978-1-4012-3486-7
Green Arrow Vol. 2: Triple Threat	Green Arrow Vol. 5 #7-13	SC: 978-1-4012-3842-1
Green Arrow Vol. 3: Harrow	Green Arrow Vol. 5 #0, 14-16, The Savage Hawkman #14, Justice League Vol. 2 #8	SC: 978-1-4012-4405-7
Green Arrow Vol. 4: The Kill Machine	Green Arrow Vol. 5 #17-25	SC: 978-1-4012-4690-7
Green Arrow Vol. 5: The Outsiders War	Green Arrow Vol. 5 #26-31	SC: 978-1-4012-5044-7
Green Arrow Vol. 6: Broken	Green Arrow Vol. 5 #32-34, Green Arrow: Futures End #1, Secret Origins Vol. 3 #4	SC: 978-1-4012-5474-2
Green Arrow Vol. 7: Kingdom	Green Arrow Vol. 5 #35-40	SC: 978-1-4012-5762-0
Miscellaneous
Green Arrow: Year One	Green Arrow: Year One #1–6	HC: 978-1-4012-1687-0 SC: 978-1-4012-1743-3
Green Arrow: The Longbow Hunters	Green Arrow: The Longbow Hunters #1–3	SC: 978-0-9302-8938-6
Justice League: Rise and Fall	Justice League: Rise and Fall Special #1, Green Arrow #31–32, Rise of Arsenal #1–4, Justice League Vol. 2 #43	HC: 1-4012-3013-X

In other media

Smallville

Justin Hartley as Green Arrow, in a sixth season episode titled "Arrow" of the television series Smallville.

Justin Hartley portrays Oliver Queen / Green Arrow in Smallville, and is first introduced in the season six episode "Sneeze". The character starts off as a recurring character who is already an established vigilante in his home of Star City, and is originally paired with Lois Lane in a romantic storyline. After a rough start, he becomes a trusted ally and friend of Clark Kent. Green Arrow retains his many unique arrows and demonstrates expert archery skill, along with skilled use of a crossbow with many trick arrows. In the episode "Justice", Oliver teams up with Clark to put an end to Lex Luthor's experimentation with supervillains by teaming up with other superheroes Clark has met on his journeys, forming a prototypical Justice League. Oliver is seen again in season seven for the episode "Siren", in which he continues his fight against LuthorCorp and meets another superhero, Black Canary, whom he recruits for his Justice League. In a flashback sequence in the season seven episode "Veritas", a young version of Oliver Queen can be seen being played by Luke Gair.

From season eight through season ten, Hartley is a series regular, and is woven into the backstory of Smallville through the Queens' business connections with the Luthor, Teague, and Swann families; Oliver was a childhood friend and schoolmate, and later a teenage bully, of Lex Luthor. In the season eight episode "Requiem," Oliver risks his friendship with Clark by killing Lex, something which Clark would never support. Over the course of the series, Oliver and Clark become increasingly close friends and they establish themselves full-time as superheroes, working with other members of the Justice League when required. Oliver later becomes romantically involved with Clark's best friend, Lois's cousin Chloe Sullivan, whom he ultimately marries. In the series finale, Oliver serves as best man at Clark and Lois' wedding service, and Chloe is shown to have a son in the future, who is implied to be Oliver's. Smallville Season Eleven, a comic book continuation of the show, reveals he is Oliver's son Jonathan Queen, named for Clark's father.

Arrow

Stephen Amell as Green Arrow, in the fourth season of the television series Arrow.

On January 18, 2012, The CW green-lit a pilot for a proposed Green Arrow series with Greg Berlanti, Marc Guggenheim and Andrew Kreisberg producing. The series, Arrow, offers a fresh take on the character, and initially does not feature superpowers, as a way to take a realistic look at the characters in this universe. In addition to being the vigilante archer the series also features flashbacks to Oliver's time on the island and the events that shaped him into the hero in the present.^[31]Andrew Kreisberg reported in David Betancourt article in The Washington Post that "We designed [Oliver] as a character a little more tortured" than the comic series Green Arrow.^[32] Stephen Amell portrays Oliver Queen in the series.^[33][34] It premiered in North America on October 10, 2012,^[35] and was picked up for a full season later that month.^[36] On February 11, 2013, Arrow was renewed for a second season,^[37] which premiered on October 9, 2013.^[38] On February 13, 2014, The CW renewed the series for a third season, which premiered on October 8, 2014.^[39] On January 11, 2015, Arrow was renewed for a 23-episode fourth season,^[40] which has premiered on October 7, 2015. Unlike in the comic books, Queen does not go by the alias "Green Arrow" until the fourth season. On March 11, 2016, Arrow was renewed for a fifth season.

The Flash

Oliver Queen has made multiple appearances in Arrow's sister series The Flash, once again played by Stephen Amell.^[41] In the pilot, Barry Allen returns to Starling City after gaining super speed and receives advice from Oliver when he sought Oliver's opinion about whether he could be a hero or just 'some guy who was struck by lightning'. A promo depicts a sequence in which Oliver is training an in-costume Barry. The shows and the characters have crossovers with each other midseason, including Felicity Smoak visiting Central City to help Barry deal with the new threat of Leonard Snart's stolen cold gun, followed shortly after by a two-parter where Oliver fights Barry after a mood-controlling metahuman provokes Barry into attacking his allies in "Flash vs. Arrow" and Barry assisting Oliver in catching new foe Captain Boomerang in "The Brave and the Bold". In "All-Star Team Up", Ray Palmer and Felicity visit S.T.A.R. labs to get help for Ray's Atom suit, and assist the team in defeating a supervillain who can control robotic bees. Oliver appears in the penultimate episode "Rogue Air" to help Barry fight the Reverse-Flash with Firestorm, using nanite-enhanced arrows from Ray Palmer to slow Reverse-Flash down and knock him out. In return, he asks for Barry's help in freeing his friends in the season 3 Arrow finale. In two-part crossover that will set the events to Legends of Tomorrow, Oliver and his comrades team up with Barry, Kendra and Carter to defeat immortal villain, Vandal Savage.^[42] During the Season 2 episode, "Enter Zoom", a news report shows that on Earth-2, Oliver died the night the Queen's Gambit sunk, and his father Robert took the mantle of the Arrow. However, Robert was somehow unmasked in this reality.

Vixen

Queen appears in the animated web series Vixen, also voiced by Stephen Amell.^[43]

DC's Legends of Tomorrow

Queen appears in DC's Legends of Tomorrow, once again portrayed by Stephen Amell. He first appears in "Pilot, Part 1" where he enlists Ray to sneak into a H.I.V.E. facility to analyse a prototype computer stolen. Later Ray assists Oliver as he engages several H.I.V.E. soldiers to inform him of Rip Hunter's offer to accompany him on a mission throughout time to stop Vandal Savage, along with Sara, Kendra, Carter, Professor Stein, Jefferson Jackson, Leonard Snart and Mick Rory, though Oliver is suspicious of Rip's motives he encourages Ray to join his mission but reminds him to stay vigilant. Oliver reappears in "Star City 2046" where in an alternate future where Ray and Sara never returned Star City was attacked by Grant Wilson/Deathstroke, son and successor of Slade Wilson, and his own army of Mirakuru soldiers in 2031. Diggle and Captain Lance were killed, Felicity left and Laurel and Thea were implied to have been killed also. Oliver has lost his left arm to Grant during a fight, no longer in his physical prime due to age, and was exposed as Green Arrow. Following this Oliver fled into hiding and was believed dead and John's son, John Diggle Jr. who out of guilt for failing to save his father renamed himself Connor Hawke, took up the Green Arrow mantle. In 2046, Oliver is discovered alive by Connor, Sara, and Rip while searching for a component for their ship. After Connor is captured, Oliver reluctantly agrees to aid Sara in rescuing him and returns as Green Arrow, utilizing a cybernetic prosthesis, and defeats Grant with his successor. As Sara parts ways back to her mission with her team, Oliver and Connor are last seen repairing their safe house. Rip claims that the timeline is malleable, and thus this dystopian future may never occur once Sara and Ray return to their present with this knowledge.

References

1. The 4th volume carried on the numbering of Green Arrow/Black Canary series and tied into the "Blackest Night" and "Fall of Green Arrow" story lines/events. It only ran for three issues and may have been viewed as a finite series by the publisher.
2. Greenberger, Robert (2008). "Green Arrow". In Dougall, Alastair. The DC Comics Encyclopedia. New York: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 142–143. ISBN 0-7566-4119-5. OCLC 213309017.
3. Green Lantern Vol. 2 #76 (April 1970) through 89 (April/May 1972)
4. http://ca.ign.com/top/comic-book-heroes/30
5. David, Peter (May 14, 1999). "'Aw, C'mon!' and other awards" "But I Digress...". Comics Buyer's Guide (1330).
6. France Herron entry, Who's Who of American Comic Books, 1928–1999.
7. McAvennie, Michael; Dolan, Hannah, ed. (2010). "1960s". DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersley. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9. Artist Neal Adams targeted the Emerald Archer for a radical redesign that ultimately evolved past the surface level ... the most significant aspect of this issue was Adams's depiction of Oliver Queen's alter ego. He had rendered a modern-day Robin Hood, complete with goatee and mustache, plus threads that were more befitting an ace archer.
8. Wells, John (December 2010). "Green Lantern/Green Arrow: And Through Them Change an Industry". Back Issue! (TwoMorrows Publishing) (45): 39–54.
9. O'Neil, Dennis (June 2004). "Introduction". Green Lantern/Green Arrow Vol. 1. DC Comics. ISBN 978-1-4012-0224-8.
10. Manning, Matthew K. "1980s" in Dolan, p. 201: "The Battling Bowman fought his way into his own four-issue miniseries at long last, thanks to writer Mike W. Barr and artist Trevor Von Eeden."
11. Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 229: "Writer/artist Mike Grell introduced a Green Arrow for the modern comic book reader in the three-issue prestige format Green Arrow: The Longbow Hunters."
12. "Here There be Dragons, Part Three" in Green Arrow volume 2 issue 11 published December 1988
13. "Blood of the Dragon, Part 1: Uchiokoshi" in Green Arrow volume 2 issue 21 published August 1989
14. Cronin, Brian (April 10, 2008). "Comic Book Urban Legends Revealed #150". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
15. Smith, Kevin; Phil Hester; Ande Parks (May 2003). Green Arrow: Quiver. DC Comics. ISBN 978-1-56389-965-2.
16. Green Arrow (vol. 3) #60 (May 2006)
17. Green Arrow (vol. 3) #75 (August 2007)
18. Diggle, Andy (April 2009). Green Arrow: Year One. DC Comics. ISBN 978-1-4012-1743-3.
19. Green Arrow (vol. 4) #31 (May 2010)
20. Justice League: Cry for Justice #1–7
21. Justice League of America (vol. 2) #41 (January 2010)
22. Justice League: Rise and Fall Special (March 2010)
23. "Brightest Day" #0
24. "Brightest Day: Green Arrow" #1
25. "Brightest Day: Green Arrow" #3
26. Billionaire World-Traveling Green Arrow Returns for DCnU, Newsarama, June 14, 2011
27. Red Hood and the Outlaws #3
28. Countdown #24 (November 2007)
29. Countdown Presents: The Search for Ray Palmer – Superwoman/Batwoman #1 (February 2008)
30. Flashpoint: Green Arrow Industries one-shot (June 2011)
31. Eric Goldman (May 30, 2012). "Arrow Star Stephen Amell Talks About Playing TV's New Oliver Queen". IGN. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
32. Betancourt, David (April 24, 2013). "Green Arrow Has Hit a Bull's-Eye with Growing Fan Base". The Washington Post.
33. "'Green Arrow' TV series near pilot order at The CW!". Entertainment Weekly. January 12, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
34. "The CW Gives Pilot Orders To 'Arrow', 'The Carrie Diaries' & 'Beauty And The Beast'". Deadline.com. January 18, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
35. MacKenzie, Carina Adly (June 28, 2012). "CW announces 2012 season premiere dates: Why do 'The Vampire Diaries,' 'Supernatural' and more start late?". Zap2It. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
36. Kondolojy, Amanda (October 22, 2012). "'Arrow' Officially Picked Up for Full Season". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
37. Villarreal, Yvonne (February 11, 2013). "CW's 'Arrow,' 'Vampire Diaries,' 'Supernatural' get early renewal". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
38. Mittovich, Matt (June 24, 2013). "Fall TV Premiere Dates: The CW Once Again Opens Its Season in October". TV Line. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
39. Kondolojy, Amanda (February 13, 2014). "'Reign', 'Arrow', 'Supernatural', 'The Originals' & 'The Vampire Diaries' Renewed by The CW". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
40. Bibel, Sara (January 11, 2015). "'Arrow', 'Jane The Virgin', 'Reign', 'The 100', 'The Flash', 'The Originals' & 'The Vampire Diaries' Renewed by the CW". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
41. "Exclusive: The Flash's Pilot Features an Arrow Crossover!". TV Guide. May 15, 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
42. Rackham, Casey. "The 'Flash'-'Arrow' crossover is going to be an annual event".
43. Brooks, Tamara (March 6, 2015). "GUGGENHEIM, BUTTERS ON "AGENT CARTER'S" FUTURE, "ARROW'S" ROGUES & MORE". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on March 7, 2015. Retrieved March 7, 2015.

External links

• Green Arrow at the DC Database Project
• Green Arrow's secret origin at DC Comics.com
• Earth-1 Green Arrow Index
• Earth-2 Green Arrow Index
• Index of the Earth-One adventures of Green Arrow
• Green Arrow at Don Markstein's Toonopedia
• Green Arrow on the DC Animated Universe Wiki, an external wiki