Grigory Romanov

Grigory Romanov Григорий Романов
First Secretary of the Leningrad Regional Party Committee
In office 16 September 1970 – 24 June 1983
Preceded by	Vasily Tolstikov
Succeeded by	Lev Zaykov
Full member of the 25th, 26th Politburo
In office 5 March 1976 – 6 March 1986
Member of the 26th Secretariat
In office 15 June 1983 – 6 March 1986
Personal details
Born	7 February 1923 Zikhnovo, Novgorod Governorate, Russian Empire
Died	3 June 2008 (aged 85) Moscow, Russian Federation
Nationality	Soviet and Russian
Political party	Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov (Russian: Григорий Васильевич Романов, scientific transliteration: Grigorij Vasil'evič Romanov; 7 February 1923 – 3 June 2008) was a Soviet politician and member of the Politburo and Secretariat of the CPSU. In 1985, he was considered Mikhail Gorbachev's main rival in the succession struggle after the death of Konstantin Chernenko in March 1985.

Early life and career

Grigory Vasilyevich was born in Novgorod Oblast into a Russian peasant family.^[1]

A soldier in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War, Romanov joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1944. Romanov graduated from the Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute in 1953,^[1] and became a designer in a shipyard. He fulfilled several important posts in the party committee of the enterprise he was working at and later in the Leningrad city and regional party committees. In September 1970 he was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party Committee of the Leningrad Region.^[1] In this position he gained a reputation of being a good organizer and well versed in economic matters, winning defense investment for Leningrad.^[1] He was elected a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union at the XXIVth congress of the CPSU in 1971. He became a candidate member of the Central Committee's Politburo in 1973 and a full member in 1976.^[1] In 1977 he initiated a successful vote to remove Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, Nikolai Podgorny from the Politburo.

Secretary of the Central Committee

In 1983 Romanov attracted the attention of the new General Secretary Yuri Andropov who subsequently brought him to Moscow and helped promote him in June 1983 to the highly prestigious and influential post of a secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU responsible for industry and the military-industrial complex. During the few remaining months of Andropov's life Romanov was widely seen as one of Andropov's closest collaborators and was an ardent supporter of Andropov's comprehensive program for the reform, renewal and further development of socialism in the Soviet Union and beyond, a fact which stands in sharp contrast to the picture Gorbachev and his associates were later to paint of Romanov as a means of gaining advantage in the power struggles following Andropov's death in February 1984.

Romanov attracted international attention on November 5, 1983, during the height of Operation Able Archer. Grigory Vasilyevich addressed the Kremlin Palace of Congresses in order to commemorate the October Revolution, where he remarked:
"the development of events in the world arena demands from us the highest vigilance, restraint, firmness and unremitting attention to the strengthening of the country's defense capability... Perhaps never before in the postwar decades has the situation in the world arena been as tense as it is now... Comrades! the international situation at present is white hot, thoroughly white hot."^[2] Western analysts, unaware of the Exercise that was taking place and therefore uncertain as to why Romanov would describe the situation as "white hot", dismissed the remarks as Soviet propaganda.^[3]

During Konstantin Chernenko's short time in office as General Secretary in 1984–1985 Romanov already occupied a position clearly inferior to Gorbachev, who had been styled Second Secretary of the Central Committee since February 1984 and acted as chairman of the Politburo, Secretariat and Central Committee in the course of Chernenko's long periods of absence due to his illness.

Gorbachev vs. Romanov

Romanov was the second youngest member of the Politburo after Gorbachev. In the months preceding the death of Konstantin Chernenko in March 1985, Romanov and Gorbachev were commonly regarded to be chief rivals in the succession struggle for the post of General Secretary. Viktor Grishin was also considered a viable candidate.

However, after Chernenko's death Gorbachev emerged with the strongest position to succeed Chernenko. Andrei Gromyko, one of the oldest and widely respected Politburo members, nominated Gorbachev for the position of General Secretary of CPSU, both at the March 11 meeting of Politburo and subsequently at the March 1985 Plenum (meeting) of the Central Committee of the CPSU.^[4] Neither Romanov nor Grishin mounted a formal challenge to Gorbachev's bid and the votes in favor of Gorbachev, both in the March 11 meeting of Politburo and at the March Plenum, were unanimous.^[4]

End of career

Gorbachev quickly moved to oust Grigory Vasilevich following his ascent to become General Secretary. He informed Romanov that he had no future under Gorbachev, and sacked him three months later, in July 1985. Rumors were circulated which claimed that Romanov was involved in corruption, drunken bacchanalias, and orgies; a familiar tale following the fall of Russian leaders.^[1]

Romanov subsequently lived as a pensioner in Moscow. For several years he headed the "Association of Leningradians in Moscow".^[5]

References

1. McCauley, Martin (September 11, 2002). Who's Who in Russia Since 1900. Routledge. p. 170. ISBN 9781134772148.
2. "Romanov Keynotes Nov. 7 Celebration", CDSP 35 (45), pp. 5–6, The "white hot" comment was carried on the front page of both Izvestia and Pravda on November 6, 1983.
3. Fischer, Beth A. (2013). The Reagan Reversal: Foreign Policy and the End of the Cold War (revised ed.). University of Missouri Press. p. 129. ISBN 9780826273123.
4. Brown, The Gorbachev Factor, p. 87.
5. Умер главный соперник Горбачева (in Russian).

• Archie Brown. The Gorbachev Factor. Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN 978-0-19-288052-9

External links

• A Soviet War Veteran Speaks Out Pro-Romanov account of the battle to succeed Chernenko