Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase
PDB rendering based on 1khh.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 3ORH​
Identifiers
Symbols	GAMT ; CCDS2; HEL-S-20; PIG2; TP53I2
External IDs	OMIM: 601240 MGI: 1098221 HomoloGene: 32089 GeneCards: GAMT Gene
EC number	2.1.1.2
Gene ontology Molecular function • methyltransferase activity • guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase activity • protein homodimerization activity Cellular component • cytosol • extracellular exosome Biological process • creatine metabolic process • creatine biosynthetic process • muscle contraction • spermatogenesis • organ morphogenesis • methylation • cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process • regulation of multicellular organism growth • small molecule metabolic process • S-adenosylhomocysteine metabolic process • S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process • embryonic liver development Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2593	14431
Ensembl	ENSG00000130005	ENSMUSG00000020150
UniProt	Q14353	O35969
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000156	NM_010255
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000147	NP_034385
Location (UCSC)	Chr 19: 1.4 – 1.4 Mb	Chr 10: 80.26 – 80.26 Mb
PubMed search

guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase
Identifiers
EC number	2.1.1.2
CAS number	9029-75-8
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / EGO
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction and is encoded by gene GAMT located on chromosome 19p13.3.^[1]

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanidinoacetate $\rightleftharpoons$ S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + creatine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and guanidinoacetate, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and creatine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N-guanidinoacetate methyltransferase. Other names in common use include GA methylpherase, guanidinoacetate methyltransferase, guanidinoacetate transmethylase, methionine-guanidinoacetic transmethylase, and guanidoacetate methyltransferase. This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism.

The protein encoded by this gene is a methyltransferase that converts guanidoacetate to creatine, using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. Defects in this gene have been implicated in neurologic syndromes and muscular hypotonia, probably due to creatine deficiency and accumulation of guanidinoacetate in the brain of affected individuals. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.^[1]

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 7 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1KHH, 1P1B, 1P1C, 1XCJ, 1XCL, 1ZX0, and 2BLN.

See also

• Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency

References

1. "Entrez Gene: GAMT guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase".

• Almeida LS, Vilarinho L, Darmin PS, et al. (2007). "A prevalent pathogenic GAMT mutation (c.59G>C) in Portugal". Mol. Genet. Metab. 91 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.01.005. PMID 17336114.
• Morris AA, Appleton RE, Power B, et al. (2007). "Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency masquerading as a mitochondrial encephalopathy". J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 30 (1): 100–100. doi:10.1007/s10545-006-0478-2. PMID 17171576.
• Almeida LS, Rosenberg EH, Martinez-Muñoz C, et al. (2007). "Overexpression of GAMT restores GAMT activity in primary GAMT-deficient fibroblasts". Mol. Genet. Metab. 89 (4): 392–4. doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.06.006. PMID 16899382.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Grimwood J, Gordon LA, Olsen A, et al. (2004). "The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19". Nature 428 (6982): 529–35. doi:10.1038/nature02399. PMID 15057824.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Komoto J, Huang Y, Hu Y, et al. (2000). "Crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of guanidinoacetate methyltransferase from rat liver". Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 55 (Pt 11): 1928–9. doi:10.1107/S0907444999010318. PMID 10531498.
• Chae YJ, Chung CE, Kim BJ, et al. (1998). "The gene encoding guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) maps to human chromosome 19 at band p13.3 and to mouse chromosome 10". Genomics 49 (1): 162–4. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5236. PMID 9570966.
• Jenne DE, Olsen AS, Zimmer M (1997). "The human guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) gene maps to a syntenic region on 19p13.3, homologous to band C of mouse chromosome 10, but GAMT is not mutated in jittery mice". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 238 (3): 723–7. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.9992. PMID 9325156.
• Polyak K, Xia Y, Zweier JL, et al. (1997). "A model for p53-induced apoptosis". Nature 389 (6648): 300–5. doi:10.1038/38525. PMID 9305847.
• Stöckler S, Isbrandt D, Hanefeld F, et al. (1996). "Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency: the first inborn error of creatine metabolism in man". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 58 (5): 914–22. PMC 1914613. PMID 8651275.
• Isbrandt D, von Figura K (1996). "Cloning and sequence analysis of human guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase cDNA". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1264 (3): 265–7. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(95)00184-0. PMID 8547310.
• Cantoni GL and Scarano E (1954). "The formation of S-adenosylhomocysteine in enzymatic transmethylation reactions". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76 (18): 4744. doi:10.1021/ja01647a081.
• CANTONI GL, VIGNOS PJ Jr (1954). "Enzymatic mechanism of creatine synthesis". J. Biol. Chem. 209 (2): 647–59. PMID 13192118.