HMS Viper

Sixteen ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Viper, or HMS Vipere, after the members of the Viperidae family:

• HMS Viper was a 14-gun sloop launched in 1746. She was converted into a fireship in 1755 and renamed HMS Lightning. She was sold in 1762.
• HMS Viper was a 10-gun sloop launched in 1756. She was wrecked in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in bad weather while escorting a convoy in 1779.
• HMS Viper was the Massachusetts privateer schooner Viper that HMS Perseus captured on 26 September 1776. She was purchased in 1777 and broken up in New York in 1779.
• HMS Viper was a 14-gun cutter purchased in 1780 as Greyhound; in 1781 she was renamed Viper. She was sold in 1809.^[1]
• HMS Viper was a 6-gun galley, the former South Carolina navy's Rutledge, captured on 4 November 1779 at Tybee and listed until 1785.^[2]
• HMS Vipere was a 4-gun xebec, formerly a French privateer. She was captured in 1793, but foundered in Hyères Bay later that year during the evacuation of Toulon.^[3]
• HMS Vipere was a 16-gun brig-sloop, formerly a French privateer, which Flora captured in 1794.^[4] Vipere foundered in the estuary of the River Shannon on 2 January 1797 with the loss of her entire crew of 120 men.^[5]
• HMS Viper was a 4-gun Dutch hoy purchased in 1794 and broken up in 1802.
• HMS Viper was a 4-gun schooner purchased in 1807 that disappeared in 1809 while sailing from Cadiz to Gibraltar and was presumed to have foundered with all hands.^[6]
• HMS Viper was an 8-gun cutter launched in 1809 as the civilian vessel Niger. She was purchased that same year and sold in 1814.
• HMS Viper was a 10-gun gun-brig purchased in 1810. She was possibly renamed Mohawk later that year, and is not present on the navy list of 1811.
• HMS Viper - tender to Ramillies, c. 1820-21.^[7]
• HMS Viper was a 6-gun schooner launched in 1831 and broken up in 1851.
• HMS Viper was an Arrow-class wooden-hulled screw gunvessel launched in 1854 and sold in 1862.
• HMS Viper was an iron armoured gunvessel launched in 1865. She was used for harbour service from 1890, as a tank vessel from 1901 and was sold in 1908.
• HMS Viper was a Viper-class destroyer launched in 1899 and wrecked in 1901.

Other vessels

HM Customs and Excise and the Bombay Marine of the East India Company also had cutters named Viper.

References

Citations

1. Winfield (2008), p.353.
2. The London Gazette: no. 12041. p. 2. 18 December 1779.
3. Hepper (1994), p.75.
4. The London Gazette: no. 13622. p. 130. 8 February 1794.
5. Hepper (1994), p.83.
6. Hepper (1994), p.128.
7. The London Gazette: no. 17705. p. 1025. 12 May 1821.

Bibliography

• Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8. OCLC 67375475.
• Grocott, Terence (1997) Shipwrecks of the revolutionary & Napoleonic eras (Chatham). ISBN 1-86176-030-2
• Hepper, David J. (1994). British Warship Losses in the Age of Sail, 1650-1859. Rotherfield: Jean Boudriot. ISBN 0-948864-30-3.
• Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 1-86176-246-1.