Ha (Javanese)

ꦲ
ha
Aksara nglegena	Aksara pasangan
Javanese script
Latin orthography	ha, a
Phoneme	[h], [ɔ], [a]
Unicode	U+A9B2

ꦲ (ha), is a syllable in the Javanese script which represent the sound /ɦɔ/ or /ɦa/. The letter can also represent a null consonant, in which it would be pronounced as /ɔ/ or /a/. It is commonly transliterated to Latin as "ha" or "a" and sometimes as "ho" and "o".

Pasangan

The letter's pasangan (◌꧀ꦲ) is one of six which are located on the right hand side of previous syllable, making it possible to stack two pasangans without the use of pangkon.

Extended form

ꦲ doesn't have a murda form.

Final consonant

ꦲ has a syllable-final form called wignyan (ꦃ) which replaces ha-pangkon combination. For example: "gajah" (elephant) is written as ꦒꦗꦃ, not ꦒꦗꦲ꧀

Glyphs

Nglegena forms				Pasangan forms
ꦲ ha	ꦲꦃ hah	ꦲꦁ hang	ꦲꦂ har	◌꧀ꦲ -ha	◌꧀ꦲꦃ -hah	◌꧀ꦲꦁ -hang	◌꧀ꦲꦂ -har
ꦲꦺ he	ꦲꦺꦃ heh	ꦲꦺꦁ heng	ꦲꦺꦂ her	◌꧀ꦲꦺ -he	◌꧀ꦲꦺꦃ -heh	◌꧀ꦲꦺꦁ -heng	◌꧀ꦲꦺꦂ -her
ꦲꦼ hê	ꦲꦼꦃ hêh	ꦲꦼꦁ hêng	ꦲꦼꦂ hêr	◌꧀ꦲꦼ -hê	◌꧀ꦲꦼꦃ -hêh	◌꧀ꦲꦼꦁ -hêng	◌꧀ꦲꦼꦂ -hêr
ꦲꦶ hi	ꦲꦶꦃ hih	ꦲꦶꦁ hing	ꦲꦶꦂ hir	◌꧀ꦲꦶ -hi	◌꧀ꦲꦶꦃ -hih	◌꧀ꦲꦶꦁ -hing	◌꧀ꦲꦶꦂ -hir
ꦲꦺꦴ ho	ꦲꦺꦴꦃ hoh	ꦲꦺꦴꦁ hong	ꦲꦺꦴꦂ hor	◌꧀ꦲꦺꦴ -ho	◌꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦃ -hoh	◌꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦁ -hong	◌꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦂ -hor
ꦲꦸ hu	ꦲꦸꦃ huh	ꦲꦸꦁ hung	ꦲꦸꦂ hur	◌꧀ꦲꦸ -hu	◌꧀ꦲꦸꦃ -huh	◌꧀ꦲꦸꦁ -hung	◌꧀ꦲꦸꦂ -hur
ꦲꦿ hra	ꦲꦿꦃ hrah	ꦲꦿꦁ hrang	ꦲꦿꦂ hrar	◌꧀ꦲꦿ -hra	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦃ -hrah	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦁ -hrang	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦂ -hrar
ꦲꦿꦺ hre	ꦲꦿꦺꦃ hreh	ꦲꦿꦺꦁ hreng	ꦲꦿꦺꦂ hrer	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺ -hre	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦃ -hreh	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦁ -hreng	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦂ -hrer
ꦲꦽ hrê	ꦲꦽꦃ hrêh	ꦲꦽꦁ hrêng	ꦲꦽꦂ hrêr	◌꧀ꦲꦽ -hrê	◌꧀ꦲꦽꦃ -hrêh	◌꧀ꦲꦽꦁ -hrêng	◌꧀ꦲꦽꦂ -hrêr
ꦲꦿꦶ hri	ꦲꦿꦶꦃ hrih	ꦲꦿꦶꦁ hring	ꦲꦿꦶꦂ hrir	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦶ -hri	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦶꦃ -hrih	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦶꦁ -hring	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦶꦂ -hrir
ꦲꦿꦺꦴ hro	ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦃ hroh	ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦁ hrong	ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦂ hror	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦴ -hro	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦃ -hroh	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦁ -hrong	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦺꦴꦂ -hror
ꦲꦿꦸ hru	ꦲꦿꦸꦃ hruh	ꦲꦿꦸꦁ hrung	ꦲꦿꦸꦂ hrur	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦸ -hru	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦸꦃ -hruh	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦸꦁ -hrung	◌꧀ꦲꦿꦸꦂ -hrur
ꦲꦾ hya	ꦲꦾꦃ hyah	ꦲꦾꦁ hyang	ꦲꦾꦂ hyar	◌꧀ꦲꦾ -hya	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦃ -hyah	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦁ -hyang	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦂ -hyar
ꦲꦾꦺ hye	ꦲꦾꦺꦃ hyeh	ꦲꦾꦺꦁ hyeng	ꦲꦾꦺꦂ hyer	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺ -hye	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦃ -hyeh	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦁ -hyeng	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦂ -hyer
ꦲꦾꦼ hyê	ꦲꦾꦼꦃ hyêh	ꦲꦾꦼꦁ hyêng	ꦲꦾꦼꦂ hyêr	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦼ -hyê	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦼꦃ -hyêh	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦼꦁ -hyêng	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦼꦂ -hyêr
ꦲꦾꦶ hyi	ꦲꦾꦶꦃ hyih	ꦲꦾꦶꦁ hying	ꦲꦾꦶꦂ hyir	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦶ -hyi	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦶꦃ -hyih	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦶꦁ -hying	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦶꦂ -hyir
ꦲꦾꦺꦴ hyo	ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦃ hyoh	ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦁ hyong	ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦂ hyor	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦴ -hyo	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦃ -hyoh	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦁ -hyong	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦺꦴꦂ -hyor
ꦲꦾꦸ hyu	ꦲꦾꦸꦃ hyuh	ꦲꦾꦸꦁ hyung	ꦲꦾꦸꦂ hyur	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦸ -hyu	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦸꦃ -hyuh	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦸꦁ -hyung	◌꧀ꦲꦾꦸꦂ -hyur

Orthography

There are several rules regarding the writing of ꦲ, whether pronounced as "ha" or "a".

1. ꦲ in front of a word is always transliterated as "a", except for foreign loan words. The same rule applies when sandhangan swara (vowel diacritics) is used.
   • Read as "a": ꦲꦏꦸ - aku (me), ꦲꦺꦴꦫ - ora (not), ꦲꦶꦭꦁ - ilang (lost)
   • Read as "ha": ꦲꦗꦶ - haji (hajj), ꦲꦺꦴꦠꦺꦭ꧀ - hotèl, ꦲꦶꦏ꧀ꦩꦠ꧀ - hikmat (wisdom)

   (Whether a word is considered a native Javanese or not will depend on the dictionary definition.)

2. ꦲ in the middle of a word is almost always transliterated as "ha".
   • ꦠꦲꦸ - tahu (tofu), not tau
   • ꦫꦲꦪꦸ - ra-hayu (blessed), not rah-ayu (from rootword ꦲꦪꦸ ayu (beauty))

   With the exception

   • Certain words such as ꦩꦲꦺꦴꦱ꧀ - maos (reading) or ꦏꦺꦴꦱ꧀ - kaos (shirt)
   • Words that end with "a" and has suffix -a, such as ꦲꦤꦲ - ana-a (let there be)
   • Reduplicated word, where ꦲ in the beginning of the second word always transliterated as "a"
3. In root word that ends with /h/ sound (in this sense, using wignyan) and has suffix (-i, -an, etc.), ꦲ (as in "ha") is added before the suffix.
   • ꦥꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦃꦲꦤ꧀ - panembah-han (to address a royalty), from the rootword ꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦃ - nembah (to bow, to respect)
4. Rootwords that ends with vowel sound and has suffix -ake, its suffix is written as ꦏ꧀ꦲꦏꦺ
   • ꦏꦠꦩ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦲꦏꦺ - katamtokaké (have been chosen), not katamtokhaké, from the rootword ꦠꦩ꧀ꦠꦸ - tamtu - (certain)
5. ꦲ are added in front of rootwords with prefix ng-, ny-, m-, and n-, although this is not mandatory.
   • ꦲꦔꦤ꧀ꦢꦶꦏ - ngandika (said), not hangandika nor angandika
6. Rootword that starts with ꦲ if added prefix pi- or pri-, the syllable ꦲ became ꦪ (ya)
   • ꦥꦶꦪꦒꦼꦩ꧀ - piyagem, from root word ꦲꦒꦼꦩ꧀ - agem.

References

See also

• Ha (Balinese)

Javanese^[1]^[2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F

U+A98x

ꦀ

ꦁ

ꦂ

ꦃ

ꦄ

ꦅ

ꦆ

ꦇ

ꦈ

ꦉ

ꦊ

ꦋ

ꦌ

ꦍ

ꦎ

ꦏ

U+A99x

ꦐ

ꦑ

ꦒ

ꦓ

ꦔ

ꦕ

ꦖ

ꦗ

ꦘ

ꦙ

ꦚ

ꦛ

ꦜ

ꦝ

ꦞ

ꦟ

U+A9Ax

ꦠ

ꦡ

ꦢ

ꦣ

ꦤ

ꦥ

ꦦ

ꦧ

ꦨ

ꦩ

ꦪ

ꦫ

ꦬ

ꦭ

ꦮ

ꦯ

U+A9Bx

ꦰ

ꦱ

ꦲ

꦳

ꦴ

ꦵ

ꦶ

ꦷ

ꦸ

ꦹ

ꦺ

ꦻ

ꦼ

ꦽ

ꦾ

ꦿ

U+A9Cx

꧀

꧁

꧂

꧃

꧄

꧅

꧆

꧇

꧈

꧉

꧊

꧋

꧌

꧍

ꧏ

U+A9Dx

꧐

꧑

꧒

꧓

꧔

꧕

꧖

꧗

꧘

꧙

꧞

꧟

Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 8.0 2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points