Javanese numerals

The Javanese language has a decimal numeral system with distinct words for the 'tweens' from 21 to 29, called likuran.

The basic numerals 1–10 have independent and combining forms, the latter derived via a suffix -ng. The combining forms are used to form the tens, hundreds, thousands, and millions. The numerals 1–5 and 10 have distinct high-register (halus, or in Javanese krama) and low register (ngoko) forms. The halus forms are listed below in italics. (Dasa 10 is derived from Sanskrit désa.)

Like English, Javanese has compound forms for the teens; however, it also has a series of compound 'tweens', 21–29. The teens are based on a root -(wə)las, the tweens on -likur, and the tens are formed by the combining forms. Hyphens are not used in the orthography, but have been added to the table below to clarify their derivation.

Final orthographic -a tends to [ɔ] in many dialects, as does any preceding a (as in sanga [sɔŋɔ] 9).

JavaneseHindu–ArabicUnitTeensTweensTens
1ꦱꦶꦗꦶ
siji
ꦱꦼꦠꦸꦁꦒꦭ꧀
setunggal
ꦱꦼꦮꦼꦭꦱ꧀
sewelas/suwelas
ꦱꦼꦠꦸꦁꦒꦭ꧀ꦮꦼꦭꦱ꧀
setunggalwelas (11)
ꦱꦼꦭꦶꦏꦸꦂ
selikur
ꦱꦼꦠꦸꦁꦒꦭ꧀ꦭꦏꦸꦂ
setunggallikur (21)
ꦱꦼꦥꦸꦭꦸꦃ
sepuluh (10)
ꦱꦼꦢꦱ
sedasa
ꦱꦼꦗꦶꦤꦃ
sejinah (market term)
2ꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴ
loro
ꦏꦭꦶꦃ
kalih
ꦫꦺꦴꦭꦱ꧀
rolas
ꦏꦭꦶꦃꦮꦼꦭꦱ꧀
kalihwelas (12)
ꦫꦺꦴꦭꦶꦏꦸꦂ
rolikur/lolikur
ꦏꦭꦶꦃꦭꦶꦏꦸꦂ
kalihlikur (22)
ꦫꦺꦴꦁꦥꦸꦭꦸꦃ
rongpuluh (20)
ꦏꦭꦶꦃꦢꦱ
kalihdasa
ꦫꦺꦴꦁꦗꦶꦤꦃ
rong-jinah (market)
3ꦠꦼꦭꦸ
telu
ꦠꦶꦒ
tiga
ꦠꦼꦭꦸꦭꦱ꧀
telulas (13)
ꦠꦶꦒꦁꦮꦼꦭꦱ꧀
tigangwelas/tigawelas
ꦠꦼꦭꦸꦭꦶꦏꦸꦂ
telulikur
ꦠꦶꦒꦁꦭꦶꦏꦸꦂ
tiganglikur (23)
ꦠꦶꦒꦭꦶꦏꦸꦂ
tigalikur
ꦠꦼꦭꦸꦁꦥꦸꦭꦸꦃ
telungpuluh (30)
ꦠꦶꦒꦁꦢꦱ
tigangdasa
ꦠꦼꦭꦸꦁꦗꦶꦤꦃ
telungjinah (market)
4ꦥꦥꦠ꧀
papat
ꦱꦼꦏꦮꦤ꧀
sekawan
ꦥꦠ꧀ꦧꦼꦭꦱ꧀
patbelas/pakbelas
ꦱꦼꦏꦮꦤ꧀ꦧꦼꦭꦱ꧀
sekawanwelas (14)
ꦥꦠ꧀ꦭꦶꦏꦸꦂ
patlikur/pakdelikur
ꦱꦼꦏꦮꦤ꧀ꦭꦏꦸꦂ
sekawanlikur (24)
ꦥꦠꦁꦥꦸꦭꦸꦃ
patangpuluh/petangpuluh (40)
ꦥꦠꦁꦢꦱ
patangdasa/petangdasa
ꦥꦠꦁꦗꦶꦤꦃ
patangjinah (market)
5ꦭꦶꦩ
lima
ꦒꦁꦱꦭ꧀
gangsal
ꦭꦶꦩꦭꦱ꧀
limalas
ꦒꦁꦱꦭ꧀ꦮꦼꦭꦱ꧀
gangsalwelas (15)
ꦱꦼꦭꦮꦺ
selawé
ꦱꦼꦭꦁꦏꦸꦁ
selangkung (25)
ꦱꦺꦏꦼꦠ꧀
sèket
ꦱꦼꦠꦸꦁꦒꦭ꧀ꦭꦺꦏꦼꦠ꧀
setunggalèket (50)
ꦭꦶꦩꦁꦗꦶꦤꦃ
limangjinah (market)
6ꦤꦼꦩ꧀
(e)nem
ꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭꦱ꧀
nembelas (16)
ꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦭꦶꦏꦸꦂ
nemlikur (26)
ꦱꦼꦮꦶꦢꦏ꧀
sewidak/suwidak (60)
ꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦢꦱnemdasa
ꦤꦼꦩ꧀ꦗꦶꦤꦃ
nemjinah (market)
7ꦥꦶꦠꦸ
pitu
ꦥꦶꦠꦸꦭꦱ꧀
pitulas (17)
ꦥꦶꦠꦸꦭꦶꦏꦸꦂ
pitulikur (27)
ꦥꦶꦠꦸꦁꦥꦸꦭꦸꦃ
pitungpuluh (70)
ꦥꦶꦠꦸꦁꦢꦱ
pitungdasa
ꦥꦶꦠꦸꦁꦗꦶꦤꦃ
pitungjinah (market)
8ꦮꦺꦴꦭꦸ
wolu
ꦮꦺꦴꦭꦸꦭꦱ꧀
wolulas (18)
ꦮꦺꦴꦭꦸꦭꦶꦏꦸꦂ
wolulikur (28)
ꦮꦺꦴꦭꦸꦁꦥꦸꦭꦸꦃ
wolungpuluh (80)
ꦮꦺꦴꦭꦸꦁꦢꦱ
wolungdasa
ꦮꦺꦴꦭꦸꦁꦗꦶꦤꦃ
wolungjinah (market)
9ꦱꦔ
sanga
ꦱꦔꦭꦱ꧀
sangalas (19)
ꦱꦔꦭꦶꦏꦸꦂ
sangalikur (29)
ꦱꦔꦁꦥꦸꦭꦸꦃ
sangangpuluh (90)
ꦱꦔꦁꦢꦱsangangdasa
ꦱꦔꦁꦗꦶꦤꦃ
sangangjinah (market)

Parallel to the tens are the hundreds (satus, rongatus); the thousands (sèwu, rongèwu), and the millions (sayuta, rongyuta), except that the compounds of five and six are formed with limang- and nem- (séket 50 and suwidak/sewidak 60 are suppletive).

Old Javanese numerals

NativeUnitTeensTweensTens
1eka
esa
éka-dasa 11eka-dwidasa 21 dasa 10
2dwidwi-dasa 12dwi-dwidasa 22 wingsati 20
3tritri-dasa 13tri-dwidasa 23tridasa 30
4caturcatur-dasa 14catur-dwidasa 24caturdasa 40
5pancapanca-dasa 15panca-dwidasa 25pancadasa 50
6sadsad-dasa 16sad-dwidasa 26sasthi 60
7saptasapta-dasa 17sapta-dwidasa 27saptadasa 70
8astaasta-dasa 18asta-dwidasa 28astadasa 80
9nawanawa-dasa 19nawa-dwidasa 29nawadasa 90

See also

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