Vikingskipet

Hamar Olympic Hall
Vikingskipet
Location Hamar, Norway
Coordinates 60°47′35.34″N 11°5′59.25″E / 60.7931500°N 11.0997917°E / 60.7931500; 11.0997917Coordinates: 60°47′35.34″N 11°5′59.25″E / 60.7931500°N 11.0997917°E / 60.7931500; 11.0997917
Owner Hamar Municipality
Operator Hamar Olympiske Anlegg
Capacity 10,600 (sporting events)
20,000 (concerts)
Construction
Broke ground 1990
Opened 19 December 1992
Construction cost NOK 230 million
Architect Niels Torp
Biong & Biong
Tenants
1993 Bandy World Championship
World Allround Speed Skating Championships (1993, 1999, 2004, 2009, 2013)
1993 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
1994 Winter Olympics
1994 Winter Paralympics
1996 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships
World Sprint Speed Skating Championships (1997, 2002, 2007)
Speedway Grand Prix (2002–04)
2016 Winter Youth Olympics

Vikingskipet ("The Viking Ship"), officially known as Hamar Olympic Hall (Norwegian: Hamar olympiahall), is an indoor multi-use sport and event venue in Hamar, Norway. It was built as the speed skating rink for the 1994 Winter Olympics, and has since also hosted events and tournaments in speedway, rally, association football, bandy, ice sledge speed racing, flying disc and track cycling. The arena is also used for concerts, trade fair and the annual computer party The Gathering. It is the home arena of Hamar IL bandy team. The venue is owned by Hamar Municipality, and along with Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre is run by the municipal Hamar Olympiske Anlegg. Vikingskipet has a capacity for 10,600 spectators during sporting events and 20,000 during concerts.

The arena was designed by Niels Torp, and Biong & Biong, and opened on 19 December 1992. The complex cost 230 million Norwegian krone (NOK). The localization was controversial, as it is located at Åkervika, a Ramsar site. It is Norway's national venue for speed skating and bandy, and holds annual ISU Speed Skating World Cup races, as well as regular world championships. It has among other things hosted tournaments of the World Allround Speed Skating Championships, European Speed Skating Championships, World Single Distance Championships, World Sprint Speed Skating Championships, UCI Track Cycling World Championships, Speedway Grand Prix and World Rally Championship.

Construction

During the process of the Lillehammer bid for the 1992 Winter Olympics, the International Olympic Committee had not specified that it was necessary with an indoor speed skating rink.[1] Calgary had used the indoor Olympic Oval during the 1988 Winter Olympics,[2] but Albertville, who were awarded the 1992 Winter Olympics, had opted for the outdoor L'anneau de vitesse.[3] In its bid, the speed skating events were planned held at Stampesletta, an outdoor track and field stadium in Lillehammer.[4] Only after Lillehammer had been awarded the 1994 Winter Olympics was it decided that an indoor venue would have to be built for the games.[1]

Vikingskipet in profile, as seen from Mjøsa

Hamar had previously been a venue for international speed skating events at Hamar stadion. The town was therefore selected to host the two skating venues. In December 1989, it was decided that the new venue would be built at Åkervika, a Ramsar site 1 kilometer (0.6 mi) outside downtown Hamar. A compromise was reached whereby the stadium was moved 50 meters (160 ft) from its original location, two birdwatching towers were built, and a lumber yard was moved.[5] Nature and Youth remained opposed to the plans, stating the location "has destroyed part of one of the world's most important bird reserves".[6]

The construction was passed by the Parliament of Norway in April 1990.[5] Architects were Niels Torp, and Biong and Biong.[7] Ole K. Karlsen was selected to build the building, in competition with eleven other contractors.[8] The ventilation contract worth NOK 18 million had originally been awarded to Hagen & Haugan on 29 May 1991. Two days later, the Lillehammer Olympic Organizing Committee signed a sponsorship agreement with Norsk Viftefabrikk and Elektrisk Bureau, both part of Asea Brown Boveri, which demanded discounts in their sponsorship payments for not receiving the contract.[9] In September 1992, Investa, which owned Ole K. Karlsen, filed for bankruptcy, causing delays in construction.[10] When it opened, Vikingskipet was the largest indoor sports venue in the world, and has twice the spectator capacity of the Olympic Oval.[8] The ice rink was first tested on 15 December 1992,[11] and officially opened on 19 December.[12]

The construction of the venue cost NOK 230 million, which was almost entirely financed through state grants. Hamar Municipality contributed by building a co-located fire station for NOK 21 million. Local businesses also contributed with NOK 8 million. Moelven Industrier and Fireguard both contributed in exchange for being able to use the venues for marketing large wooden structures. To finance the operating deficit after the Olympics, Hamar Municipality received a capital grant of NOK 30 million, with the interest going to pay for running Vikingskipet and Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre. Operating costs were estimated at NOK 7 million per year; the venue will receive income of NOK 1 million from larger events, NOK 1 million will come from free work from the fire department, and NOK 1 million from advertisements.[1] Similar to Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre, the venue has two official names, Hamar Olympic Hall and Vikingskipet. The former cannot be used commercially by non-Olympic events, such as in merchandise.[13]

Facilities

The Gathering during 2009

The venue has a floor area of 25,000 square meters (270,000 sq ft) and a volume of 400,000 cubic meters (14,000,000 cu ft). The hall has a spectator capacity of 10,600 people, of which 2,000 can be seated. During the Olympics, this included 250 VIP seats, 250 press seats and 100 commentator seats. Access to the inner ring can be provided via an underpass. Lighting is provided at 1,400 lux, while the venue has a ventilation system capable of both heating and cooling, as well as de-moisturizing, and both re-use and circulation of air. The refrigeration unit uses an ammonia and saline solution, which is transported in pipes within the concrete, which allows for an ice temperature of between −5.5 and −6.5 degrees Celsius (22 and 20°F). The heat from the refrigerating unit can be reused.[14]

The rink itself is 400 meters (1,300 ft) long, with a turning radius of 25.5 meters (84 ft). Within the speed skating rink lies a bandy field. The venue was designed to also allow for association football, cycling, track and field, curling, motorsports and cross-country skiing.[7] The inside of the track can also be used for association football, with pitch dimensions up to 105 by 68 meters (344 by 223 ft). It can also function as an indoor driving range for golf.[14] The name derives from the roof looking like the keel of a Viking ship. The building is visible from the E6 motorway and the Dovre Line passing through Hamar, and was planned to be Hamar's main landmark.[8]

Transport

During the Olympics, transport was in part provided by Vikingskipet Station on the Røros Line, which passes right next to the venue. The station is a cul-de-sac station which is electrified and allowed trains during the Olympics and the Track Cycling World Championships to reach the venue within a short walk from the train.[15] The station was officially opened on 16 August 1993.[16] The station has not been used since the Olympics. In 2006, the Norwegian National Rail Administration proposed re-opening the station in conjunction with larger events.[15]

Events

Azerbaijan stamp depicting Bonnie Blair during the 1994 Winter Olympics

Prior to the Olympic Games, the venue hosted three world championships in 1993. In February, it hosted all but two preliminary matches of the 1993 Bandy World Championship. To make the games more attractive, preliminary round matches were reduced from 90 to 60 minutes.[17] The final was spectated by 5,338 people.[18] For four months, the venue was equipped with a velodrome, which allowed the venue to host the 1993 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.[1] The velodrome cost NOK 95 million less than building a permanent velodrome in Oslo, which would be hosting the 1993 UCI Road World Championships. The Norwegian Cycling Federation had originally bid for the championships to get a permanent velodrome built at Hasle in Oslo, but declined the offer and instead chose the temporary concept. Because the velodrome only has a circumference of 250 meters (820 ft), the venue's spectator capacity was reduced to 3,000 people.[19]

Hamar was the center for skating sports during the 1994 Winter Olympics. The other venue in town was Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre, which featured the short track speed skating and figure skating events.[20] Vikingskipet held ten speed skating events, five for men and five for women. Norway's Johann Olav Koss took three golds, in the men's 1,500 meters, 5000 meters and 10000 meters. In the latter two, he finished ahead of fellow countryman Kjell Storelid. The men's 500 meters was won by Russia's Aleksandr Golubev ahead of fellow countryman Sergey Klevchenya, while the men's 1000 meters was won by American Dan Jansen. For women, American Bonnie Blair defended her two 1992 golds in 500 meters and 1000 meters. Austria's Emese Hunyady won the 1500 meters ahead of Russia's Svetlana Bazhanova and Germany's Gunda Niemann. However, Bazhanova took gold ahead of Nemeth-Hunyady on the 3000 meters, with Germany's Claudia Pechstein in third. Pechstein would go on to win the 5000 meters ahead of Niemann.[21]

Vikingskipet was proposed to also host curling, should it be included in the Olympic program. It had been a demonstration sport in 1988 and 1992 Olympics, but was eventually discarded from the Lillehammer program. The event would have used the same production equipment as for speed skating, and would have consisted of a four-team tournament for both men and women, and would have been held during the Games' two last days.[22] Vikingskipet was the venue for ice sledge speed skating during the 1994 Winter Paralympics. Eight events were held, four for women and four for men. The event had 22 participants from 7 nations competing for 24 medals,[23] resulting in 23 of 24 medals being awarded to Norwegian athletes.[24][25] Atle Haglund set two world records.[26]

The venue is the national stadium for speed skating in Norway. It hosts annual ISU Speed Skating World Cup,[14] and has in addition hosted many European and world championships. This includes the World Allround Speed Skating Championships in 1993 (for men), 1999, 2004 and 2009 tournaments.[27] The World Sprint Speed Skating Championships has been held in 1996, 1997, 2002 and 2007,[28] while the World Single Distance Championships was held in 1996.[29] The European Speed Skating Championships has been held four times, in 1994, 2000, 2006 and 2010.[30]

Since 1996, Vikingskipet has hosted The Gathering, a computer party which is held every Easter.[31] Concerts held at Vikingskipet include Andrea Bocelli (2005),[32] Beyoncé (2007),[33] Cliff Richard (2007),[34] and Stevie Wonder (2008).[35] The Norway women's national football team played Sweden on 21 January 1996, winning 4–0.[36] Vikingskipet hosted a round of the Speedway Grand Prix in 2002, 2003 and 2004.[37] It was also the service depot and race headquarters for Rally Norway, which was arranged in 2006, 2007 and 2009. The latter two were part of the World Rally Championship.[38][39]

In March 2011, the Norwegian Skating Association announced that they indented that the Norwegian World Cup events would be moved to Sørmarka Arena in Stavanger, due to low attendance at Vikingskipet.[40] Vikingskipet has been selected to host the 2013 World Allround Speed Skating Championships.[41] Lillehammer is scheduled to host the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics,[42] with Vikingskipet to host long track speed skating events.[14]

Rink records

Vikingskipet is one of few indoor speed skating venues in the world, which has allowed for many world records. The following is a list of the rink records, including the distance, gender, the record time, the athlete who set the record, the country they represent, and the date the record was set. The list is as of 23 November 2009.[43]

Distance Gender Time Athlete Country Date
100 m Men 9.78 Koskela, PekkaPekka Koskela Finland 6 November 2004
500 m Men 34.31 Wotherspoon, JeremyJeremy Wotherspoon Canada 26 January 2008
1000 m Men 1:08.38 Davis, ShaniShani Davis United States 20 January 2007
1500 m Men 1:44.27 Davis, ShaniShani Davis United States 21 November 2009
3000 m Men 3:45.60 Ervik, EskilEskil Ervik Norway 29 January 2006
5000 m Men 6:09.75 Kramer, SvenSven Kramer Netherlands 7 February 2009
10000 m Men 12:50.96 Kramer, SvenSven Kramer Netherlands 22 November 2009
Sprint combination Men 138.775 Lee Kyou-hyuk South Korea 20–21 January 2007
Mini combination Men 151.949 Röjler, JohanJohan Röjler Sweden 12–13 February 2002
Small combination Men 155.699 Valtonen, JarmoJarmo Valtonen Finland 1–2 November 2003
Big combination Men 150.748 Hedrick, ChadChad Hedrick United States 7–8 February 2004
Team pursuit (8 laps) Men 3:48.67 — United States 13 November 2004
100 m Women 11.15 Olsen, LindaLinda Olsen Norway 3 November 2002
500 m Women 37.52 Wolf, JennyJenny Wolf Germany 25 January 2008
1000 m Women 1:14.81 Friesinger, AnniAnni Friesinger Germany 27 January 2008
1500 m Women 1:54.65 Wüst, IreenIreen Wüst Netherlands 25 January 2008
3000 m Women 4:00.26 Niemann-Stirnemann, GundaGunda Niemann-Stirnemann Germany 17 February 2001
5000 m Women 6:50.08 Sáblíková, MartinaMartina Sáblíková Czech Republic 21 November 2009
10000 m Women 17:14.7 Nielsen, TrudeTrude Nielsen Norway 17 January 1998
Sprint combination Women 151.935 Friesinger, AnniAnni Friesinger Germany 20–21 January 2007
Mini combination Women 166.904 Haugli, MarenMaren Haugli Norway 22–23 October 2005
Small combination Women 161.479 Niemann-Stirnemann, GundaGunda Niemann-Stirnemann Germany 6–7 February 1999
Team pursuit (6 laps) Women 3:00.90 — Canada 28 November 2010
Small combination Women 159.736 Wüst, IreenIreen Wüst Netherlands 11–12 January 2014

World records

Vikingskipet has been the venues for world records in speed skating, track cycling, ice sledge speed racing and frisbee. The following is a list of world records set in Vikingskipet, including the sport, event, gender, time or distance, the athlete, their country and the date the record was set. During the 1994 Winter Olympics, four of the five distances for men's speed skating received new world records.[26]

Sport Event Gender Time/distance Athlete Country Date
Speed skating 500 m Men 35.92 Jansen, DanDan Jansen United States 4 December 1993
Speed skating 1000 m Men 1:12.43 Jansen, DanDan Jansen United States 18 February 1994
Speed skating 1500 m Men 1:51.60 Ritsma, RintjeRintje Ritsma Netherlands 8 January 1994
Speed skating 1500 m Men 1:51.29 Koss, Johann OlavJohann Olav Koss Norway 16 February 1994
Speed skating 5000 m Men 6:35.53 Koss, Johann OlavJohann Olav Koss Norway 4 December 1993
Speed skating 5000 m Men 6:34.96 Koss, Johann OlavJohann Olav Koss Norway 13 February 1994
Speed skating 10000 m Men 13:30.55 Koss, Johann OlavJohann Olav Koss Norway 20 February 1994
Speed skating Big combination Men 156.201 Ritsma, RintjeRintje Ritsma Netherlands 7–9 January 1994
Speed skating Big combination Men 152.651 Ritsma, RintjeRintje Ritsma Netherlands 6–7 February 1994
Speed skating 3000 m Women 4:07.13 Pechstein, ClaudiaClaudia Pechstein Germany 13 December 1997
Speed skating 3000 m Women 4:00.26 Niemann-Stirnemann, GundaGunda Niemann-Stirnemann Germany 17 February 2001
Speed skating 5000 m Women 7:13.29 Niemann-Stirnemann, GundaGunda Niemann-Stirnemann Germany 6 December 1993
Speed skating 5000 m Women 6:56.84 Niemann-Stirnemann, GundaGunda Niemann-Stirnemann Germany 16 January 2000
Speed skating Small combination Women 167.282 Niemann-Stirnemann, GundaGunda Niemann-Stirnemann Germany 7–9 January 1994
Speed skating Small combination Women 161.479 Niemann-Stirnemann, GundaGunda Niemann-Stirnemann Germany 6–7 February 1994
Track cycling 1 hour Men 51.596 km Obree, GraemeGraeme Obree United Kingdom 17 July 1993
Track cycling 4000 m individual pursuit Men 4:23.283 Ermenault, PhilippePhilippe Ermenault France 18 July 1993
Track cycling 4000 m individual pursuit Men 4:22.668 Obree, GraemeGraeme Obree United Kingdom 18 July 1993
Track cycling 4000 m individual pursuit Men 4:20.894 Obree, GraemeGraeme Obree United Kingdom 19 July 1993
Track cycling 4000 m team pursuit Men 4:03.840 — Australia 20 July 1993
Track cycling 3000 m individual pursuit Women 3:37.347 Twigg, RebeccaRebecca Twigg United States 20 August 1993
Ice sledge speed racing 1000 m LW 11 Men 3:14.21 Haglund, AtleAtle Haglund Norway 18 March 1994
Ice sledge speed racing 1500 m LW 11 Men 3:21.29 Haglund, AtleAtle Haglund Norway 20 March 1994
Frisbee — Men 133.72 m Wentzel, SuneSune Wentzel Norway 12 March 1997
Frisbee — Men 143.41 m Wentzel, SuneSune Wentzel Norway 8 June 1999

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Anda, Torgeir (2 June 1992). "Etterbruken – OLs levende spøkelse". Dagens Næringsliv (in Norwegian). p. 18.
  2. ↑ Canadian Olympic Committee. "1988 Winter Olympics Official Report" (PDF). p. 144. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  3. ↑ French Olympic Committee. "1992 Olympics Official Report" (PDF). p. 84. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  4. ↑ Anda, Torgeir (15 September 1992). "OL-ideens "fedre" angrer". Dagens Næringsliv (in Norwegian). p. 18.
  5. 1 2 LOOC (III): 51
  6. ↑ "Aksjon mot åpningen av Vikingskipet på Hamar" (in Norwegian). Norwegian News Agency. 29 November 1992.
  7. 1 2 LOOC (III): 54
  8. 1 2 3 Gunn, Gravdal (6 February 1991). "Snart klarsignal for Hamar Olympiahall" (in Norwegian). p. 52.
  9. ↑ "Nye forhandlinger etter sponsor-bråk" (in Norwegian). Norwegian News Agency. 16 June 1991.
  10. ↑ "OL-utbygging stanses av Investa-krisen" (in Norwegian). Norwegian News Agency. 2 September 1992.
  11. ↑ Kvalheim, Svein (15 December 1992). "Testet Vikingskipet". Bergens Tidende (in Norwegian). p. 15.
  12. ↑ "Rekorder på rad og rekke i "Vikingskipet"" (in Norwegian). Norwegian News Agency. 20 December 1992.
  13. ↑ "Forvirring om bruk av navn på OL-arenaer" (in Norwegian). Norwegian News Agency. 2 September 1992.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports. "Candidate city for the Winter Youth Olympic Games: Lillehammer 2016". Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 February 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  15. 1 2 "Jernbaneverket vil ha godsterminal i Hamar". Hamar Dagblad (in Norwegian). 21 September 2006.
  16. ↑ Norwegian Railway Club. "Vikingskipet" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 4 January 2011.
  17. ↑ "Bandy-VM med nytt opplegg i Hamar og Oslo" (in Norwegian). Norwegian News Agency. 27 October 1992.
  18. ↑ "Bandy-VM søndag" (in Norwegian). Norwegian News Agency. 7 February 1993.
  19. ↑ Bugge, Mette; Hansen, Espen (30 January 1992). "Den billige velodromen". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 15.
  20. ↑ LOOC (III): 57
  21. ↑ "Speed Skating at the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Games". Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 12 December 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
  22. ↑ Hole, Arne (13 October 1992). "Curling med allerede i neste OL?". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 40.
  23. ↑ Brandås, Frank (15 March 1994). "Fikset 8 gull". Nordlys (in Norwegian). p. 25.
  24. ↑ "Norsk gulldryss på isen". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). 15 March 1994. p. 48.
  25. ↑ Nygaard, Brynjulf (17 March 1994). "Helnorsk i ispigging igjen". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 55.
  26. 1 2 Hamar Olympiske Anlegg. "Verdensrekorder" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 4 February 2011.
  27. ↑ Teigen, Magne (1 July 2009). "Medal winners in World Allround Championships". International Skating Union. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 February 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  28. ↑ Teigen, Magne (1 July 2009). "Medal winners in World Sprint Championships 1970–2009". International Skating Union. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 February 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  29. ↑ Teigen, Magne (1 July 2009). "Medal winners in World Single Distance Championships 1996–2009". International Skating Union. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 February 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  30. ↑ Elster, Kristian (10 June 2007). "Norge fikk 2010-EM". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 6 February 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  31. ↑ Thoresen, Jan (3 April 1996). "2500 helfrelste tar påskeferie på Internett". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 5.
  32. ↑ Thorkildsen, Joakim (22 July 2005). "Bocelli i Vikingskipet". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 6.
  33. ↑ "Superstjerne til Vikingskipet". Hamar Dagblad (in Norwegian). 11 September 2006.
  34. ↑ Thorkildsen, Joakim (21 September 2006). "Cliff Richard til Vikingskipet". Dagbladet (in Norwegian).
  35. ↑ "Stevie Wonder til Hamar" (in Norwegian). Norwegian News Agency. 5 June 2008.
  36. ↑ "Norge Kvinner Senior A" (in Norwegian). Football Association of Norway. Archived from the original on 26 November 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
  37. ↑ "SGP Grand Finals by Year". BSI Speedway. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
  38. ↑ "Slik blir Rally Norway i Hamar". Hamar Dagblad (in Norwegian). 19 January 2006.
  39. ↑ "Sammen om rally". Glåmdalen (in Norwegian). 17 September 2008. p. 26.
  40. ↑ "Skøyteforbundet velger Stavanger" (in Norwegian). Norwegian News Agency. 10 March 2011.
  41. ↑ "Allround-VM til Hamar 2013". Hamar Dagblad (in Norwegian). 25 June 2010. Archived from the original on 6 February 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  42. ↑ "Lillehammer awarded 2016 Winter Youth Olympic Games". Inside the Games. 7 December 2011. Archived from the original on 7 December 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  43. ↑ Hamar Olympiske Anlegg. "Banerekorder" (in Norwegian). p. 15. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
Bibliography
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