Haplogroup L5 (mtDNA)

Haplogroup L5
Possible time of origin	114,200-126,200 YBP[1]
Possible place of origin	East Africa
Ancestor	L2'3'4'5'6
Descendants	L5a, L5c
Defining mutations	3423, 7972, 12432, 12950[2]

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup L5 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It was previously known as L1e.

Distribution

It is a small African haplogroup from East Africa. The highest frequency is in Mbuti Pygmies at 15%.^[3] It is present in relatively small frequencies in Tanzania (Sandawe and others), Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan, Nubia, Egypt^{[4][Note 1]} and Saudi Arabia.^[5]

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup L5 subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation^[2] and subsequent published research.

• Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA)
  • L1-6
    • L2-6
      • L5
        • L5a
          • L5a1
            • L5a1a
            • L5a1b
            • L5a1c
          • L5a2
        • L5c
          • L5c1
          • L5c2

References

1. Soares, P; Ermini, L; Thomson, N; Mormina, M; Rito, T; Röhl, A; Salas, A; Oppenheimer, S; MacAulay, V (2009). "Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". American Journal of Human Genetics 84 (6): 740–59. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMC 2694979. PMID 19500773.
2. van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
3. Sarah A. Tishkoff et al. 2007, History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation. Molecular Biology and Evolution 2007 24(10):2180-2195
4. Stevanovitch, A; A. Gilles; E. Bouzaid; R. Kefi; F. Paris; R. P. Gayraud; J. L. Spadoni; F. El-Chenawi; E. Béraud-Colomb (29 Jan 2004). "Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Diversity in a Sedentary Population from Egypt". Annals of Human Genetics 68 (1): 23–39. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00057.x. PMID 14748828.
5. Abu-Amero et al. 2008 February. "Mitochondrial DNA structure in the Arabian Peninsula", BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8(45): 52.

Notes

1. Sample UPE52 is subclade L5a.

Evolutionary tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

Mitochondrial Eve (L)

L0

L1–6

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5

L6

M

N

CZ

D

E

G

Q

O

A

S

R

I

W

X

Y

C

Z

B

F

R0

pre-JT

P

U

HV

JT

K

H

V

J

T

External links

• General
  • Ian Logan's Haplogroups L5.
  • Mannis van Oven's Phylotree