Harwich (UK Parliament constituency)
Harwich | |
---|---|
Former County constituency for the House of Commons | |
Boundary of Harwich in Essex in 2005. | |
Location of Essex within England. | |
County | Essex |
before 1660–2010 | |
Number of members | one (two before 1868) |
Replaced by | Clacton, Harwich and North Essex |
European Parliament constituency | East of England |
Harwich was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Until its abolition for the 2010 general election it elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Boundaries

From 1997 to 2010 the Harwich constituency included the towns of Clacton-on-Sea, Holland-on-Sea, Frinton-on-Sea, Walton-on-the-Naze and Harwich itself. It also included the villages of Beaumont-cum-Moze, Great Holland, Great Oakley, Jaywick, Kirby Cross, Kirby-le-Soken, Little Clacton, Little Oakley, Parkeston, Ramsey and Thorpe-le-Soken.
Boundary review
Following their review of parliamentary representation in Essex, the Boundary Commission for England created a new constituency of Clacton, which is based on the current Harwich seat.
Harwich will be moved into a new constituency called Harwich and North Essex.
Members of Parliament
Constituency founded 1604
1604 to 1660
Parliament | First member | Second member |
---|---|---|
1604 | Richard Browne | Thomas Trevor |
1605 | John Panton | |
1614 | Sir Harbottle Grimston | Sir Robert Mansell |
1614 (Apr) | Sir Charles Montagu | |
1620 | Sir Thomas Cheek | Edward Grimston |
1624 | Sir Nathaniel Rich | Christopher Herrys |
1625 | Sir Edmund Sawyer | Christopher Herrys |
1626 | Sir Nathaniel Rich | Christopher Herrys |
1628–1629 | Sir Nathaniel Rich | Christopher Herrys |
1629–1640 | No Parliaments convened | |
1640 (Apr) | Sir Thomas Cheek | Sir John Jacob, 1st Baronet |
1640 (Nov) | Sir Harbottle Grimston, 1st Baronet | Sir Thomas Cheek |
1645 | Sir Harbottle Grimston, 1st Baronet, died replaced 1647 by Harbottle Grimston, 2nd Baronet who was secluded Dec 1648 in Pride's Purge | Sir Thomas Cheek |
1648 | Sir Thomas Cheek | |
1653 | Harwich not represented in Barebone's Parliament | |
1654 | Harwich not represented in First Protectorate Parliament | |
1656 | Harwich not represented in Second Protectorate Parliament | |
1659 | John Sicklemore | Thomas King |
1660–1868
1868–2010
Election | Member[1] | Party | |
---|---|---|---|
1868 | Representation reduced to one member | ||
1868 | Henry Jervis-White-Jervis | Conservative | |
1880 | Henry Whatley Tyler | Conservative | |
1885 | James Round | Conservative | |
1906 | Arthur Levy Lever | Liberal | |
1910 | Harry Newton | Conservative | |
1922 | Albert Ernest Hillary | Liberal | |
1924 | Sir Frederick Gill Rice | Conservative | |
1929 | Sir John Pybus | Liberal | |
1931 | Liberal National | ||
1935 | Sir Stanley Holmes | Liberal National | |
1954 by-election | Julian Ridsdale | National Liberal | |
1968 | Conservative | ||
1992 | Iain Sproat | Conservative | |
1997 | Ivan Henderson | Labour | |
2005 | Douglas Carswell | Conservative | |
2010 | Constituency abolished: see Clacton and Harwich and North Essex |
Elections
Elections in the 1900s

General Election 1906 Harwich[2] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Liberal | Arthur Levy Lever | 5,650 | 51.6 | n/a | |
Conservative | Harry Kottingham Newton | 5,308 | 48.4 | n/a | |
Majority | 342 | 3.2 | n/a | ||
Turnout | 10,958 | 83.4 | n/a | ||
Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | n/a | |||
Elections in the 1910s
General Election January 1910: Harwich [3] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Conservative | Harry Kottingham Newton | 6,757 | |||
Liberal | Arthur Levy Lever | 5,608 | |||
Majority | |||||
Turnout | |||||
Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | ||||
General Election December 1910: Harwich [4] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Conservative | Harry Kottingham Newton | 6,470 | |||
Liberal | Frank Stapledon Hiley | 5,008 | |||
Majority | |||||
Turnout | |||||
Conservative hold | Swing | ||||
General Election 1914/15:
Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;
- Unionist: Harry Kottingham Newton
- Liberal: Edward Aylmer Digby
General Election 1918: Harwich[5] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Unionist | 8,261 | 53.9 | |||
Liberal | Com. Edward Aylmer Digby | 7,064 | 46.1 | ||
Majority | 1,197 | 7.8 | |||
Turnout | 55.9 | ||||
Unionist hold | Swing | ||||
- endorsed by the Coalition Government.
Elections in the 1920s
General Election 1922: Harwich[5] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Liberal | Albert Ernest Hillary | 10,556 | 51.9 | +5.8 | |
Unionist | Geoffrey St John Strutt | 9,792 | 48.1 | -5.8 | |
Majority | 764 | 3.8 | 11.6 | ||
Turnout | 71.6 | +15.7 | |||
Liberal gain from Unionist | Swing | +5.8 | |||
General Election 1923: Harwich[5] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Liberal | Albert Ernest Hillary | 12,059 | 54.3 | +2.4 | |
Unionist | Sir Frederick Gill Rice | 10,142 | 45.7 | -2.4 | |
Majority | 1,917 | 8.6 | +4.8 | ||
Turnout | 76.2 | +4.6 | |||
Liberal hold | Swing | +2.4 | |||
General Election 1924: Harwich[5] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Unionist | Sir Frederick Gill Rice | 12,219 | 51.5 | +5.8 | |
Liberal | Albert Ernest Hillary | 9,904 | 41.7 | -12.6 | |
Labour | Alfred Barton | 1,604 | 6.8 | n/a | |
Majority | 2,315 | 9.8 | 18.4 | ||
Turnout | 79.0 | +2.8 | |||
Unionist gain from Liberal | Swing | +9.2 | |||
General Election 1929: Harwich[5] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Liberal | Percy John Pybus | 16,309 | 52.8 | +11.1 | |
Unionist | John Dixon Mayhew | 13,609 | 44.1 | -7.4 | |
Independent Unionist | J Elliott | 946 | 3.1 | n/a | |
Majority | 2,700 | 8.7 | 18.5 | ||
Turnout | 76.3 | -2.7 | |||
Liberal gain from Unionist | Swing | +9.5 | |||
Elections in the 1930s
General Election 1931: Harwich[5] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Liberal National | Percy John Pybus | 26,818 | 86.4 | +33.6 | |
Labour | E L McKeag | 4,229 | 13.6 | n/a | |
Majority | 22,589 | 72.8 | +64.1 | ||
Turnout | 31,047 | 72.6 | -3.7 | ||
Liberal National hold | Swing | n/a | |||
General Election 1935: Harwich[5] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Liberal National | Joseph Stanley Holmes | 21,716 | 70.3 | -16.1 | |
Labour | Ambrose Erie Applebe | 9,170 | 29.7 | +16.1 | |
Majority | 12,546 | 40.6 | -32.2 | ||
Turnout | 30,886 | 63.9 | -8.7 | ||
Liberal National hold | Swing | -16.1 | |||
Elections in the 1940s
General Election 1939/40: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;
- Liberal National: Stanley Holmes
- Labour: Ald. Joseph Hewitt[6]
General Election 1945[5] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Liberal National | Sir Joseph Stanley Holmes | 16,452 | 55.7 | -14.6 | |
Labour | Ald. Joseph Hewitt | 13,067 | 44.3 | +14.6 | |
Majority | 3,385 | 11.5 | -29.2 | ||
Turnout | 68.8 | +4.8 | |||
Liberal National hold | Swing | -14.6 | |||
Elections in the 1950s
General Election 1950: Harwich | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
National Liberal | Sir Joseph Stanley Holmes | 22,814 | 50.6 | ||
Labour | Morris Janis | 16,756 | 37.1 | ||
Liberal | Leonard Train | 5,536 | 12.3 | ||
Majority | 6,058 | 13.4 | |||
Turnout | 81.9 | ||||
National Liberal hold | Swing | ||||
General Election 1951: Harwich | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
National Liberal | Sir Joseph Stanley Holmes | 26,169 | 58.9 | ||
Labour | Morris Janis | 18,244 | 41.1 | ||
Majority | 7,925 | 17.8 | |||
Turnout | 78.8 | ||||
National Liberal hold | Swing | ||||
Harwich by-election, 1954[7] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
National Liberal | Julian Errington Ridsdale | 19,532 | 59.1 | ||
Labour | Shirley Vivian Teresa Brittain Catlin | 13,535 | 40.9 | ||
Majority | 5,997 | 18.1 | |||
Turnout | 33,067 | ||||
National Liberal hold | Swing | ||||
General Election 1955: Harwich | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
National Liberal | Julian Errington Ridsdale | 23,889 | 56.4 | ||
Labour | Shirley Vivian Teresa Brittain Catlin | 14,425 | 34.1 | ||
Liberal | Wolf Isaac Akst | 4,010 | 9.5 | ||
Majority | 9,464 | 22.4 | |||
Turnout | 42,234 | 75.6 | |||
National Liberal hold | Swing | ||||
General Election 1959: Harwich | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
National Liberal | Julian Errington Ridsdale | 23,653 | 53.2 | ||
Labour | William Oscar James Robinson | 11,588 | 26.0 | ||
Liberal | Thomas E Dale | 5,507 | 12.4 | ||
Independent | Leonard F Rose | 3,744 | 8.4 | ||
Majority | 12,065 | 27.1 | |||
Turnout | 44,492 | 76.4 | |||
National Liberal hold | Swing | ||||
Elections in the 1960s
General Election 1964: Harwich[8] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
National Liberal | Julian Errington Ridsdale | 25,102 | 50.4 | ||
Labour | David Julian Winnick | 14,877 | 29.9 | ||
Liberal | Thomas E Dale | 9,824 | 19.7 | ||
Majority | 10,225 | 20.5 | |||
Turnout | 49,803 | 75.1 | |||
National Liberal hold | Swing | ||||
General Election 1966: Harwich[9] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
National Liberal | Julian Errington Ridsdale | 24,975 | 47.6 | -2.8 | |
Labour | Stephen R Hatch | 18,335 | 34.9 | +5.0 | |
Liberal | Thomas E Dale | 9,219 | 17.6 | -2.1 | |
Majority | 6,640 | 12.6 | -7.9 | ||
Turnout | 52,529 | 74.4 | -0.7 | ||
National Liberal hold | Swing | -3.9 | |||
Elections in the 1970s
General Election 1970: Harwich[10] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Conservative | Julian Errington Ridsdale | 32,754 | 53.5 | ||
Labour | Andrew Wyndham Phillips | 19,923 | 32.6 | -2.3 | |
Liberal | Thomas E Dale | 8,519 | 13.9 | -3.7 | |
Majority | 12,831 | 21.0 | +8.4 | ||
Turnout | 61,196 | 74.5 | +0.1 | ||
Conservative hold | Swing | +4.0 | |||
General Election February 1974: Harwich[11] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Conservative | Julian Errington Ridsdale | 32,452 | 45.6 | -7.9 | |
Liberal | D Cadman | 19,989 | 28.1 | +14.2 | |
Labour | JB Fryer | 18,697 | 26.3 | -6.3 | |
Majority | 12,463 | 17.5 | -3.5 | ||
Turnout | 71,138 | 80.7 | +6.2 | ||
Conservative hold | Swing | -11.1 | |||
General Election October 1974: Harwich[12] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Conservative | Julian Errington Ridsdale | 29,963 | 46.7 | +1.1 | |
Labour | JB Fryer | 19,135 | 29.8 | +3.5 | |
Liberal | Thomas Oslaf Kellock | 15,048 | 23.5 | -4.6 | |
Majority | 10,828 | 16.9 | -0.6 | ||
Turnout | 64,146 | 72.3 | -8.4 | ||
Conservative hold | Swing | -1.2 | |||
General Election 1979: Harwich[13] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Conservative | Julian Errington Ridsdale | 37,685 | 54.3 | +7.6 | |
Labour | CW Brooks | 16,998 | 24.5 | -5.3 | |
Liberal | R.M. Goodenough | 14,094 | 20.3 | -3.2 | |
National Front | A Pearson | 597 | 0.9 | N/A | |
Majority | 20,687 | 29.8 | +12.9 | ||
Turnout | 69,374 | 74.7 | +2.4 | ||
Conservative hold | Swing | +6.5 | |||
Elections in the 1980s
General Election 1983: Harwich[14] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Conservative | Sir Julian Errington Ridsdale | 27,422 | 54.1 | −0.2 | |
Liberal | R.M. Goodenough | 14,920 | 29.5 | +9.2 | |
Labour | Ralph Knight | 8,302 | 16.4 | −8.1 | |
Majority | 12,502 | 24.6 | −5.2 | ||
Turnout | 50,644 | 70.2 | −4.5 | ||
Conservative hold | Swing | −4.7 | |||
General Election 1987: Harwich | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Conservative | Sir Julian Errington Ridsdale | 29,344 | 51.8 | −2.8 | |
Liberal | Elizabeth Lynne | 17,262 | 30.4 | +0.9 | |
Labour | Ralph Knight | 9,920 | 17.5 | +1.1 | |
Independent | Christopher Alan Humphrey | 161 | 0.3 | N/A | |
Majority | 12,082 | 21.4 | −3.2 | ||
Turnout | 56,687 | 73.5 | +3.3 | ||
Conservative hold | Swing | −1.9 | |||
Elections in the 1990s
General Election 1992: Harwich[15] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Conservative | Iain Sproat | 32,369 | 51.9 | +0.1 | |
Liberal Democrat | Mrs Pauline A. Bevan | 15,210 | 24.4 | −6.1 | |
Labour | Ralph Knight | 14,511 | 23.3 | +5.8 | |
Natural Law | Mrs Eileen P. McGrath | 279 | 0.4 | N/A | |
Majority | 17,159 | 27.5 | +6.2 | ||
Turnout | 62,369 | 77.7 | +4.2 | ||
Conservative hold | Swing | +3.1 | |||
General Election 1997: Harwich [16] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Labour | Ivan Henderson | 20,740 | 38.8 | +14.1 | |
Conservative | Iain Sproat | 19,524 | 36.5 | −15.2 | |
Liberal Democrat | Ann M. Elvin | 7,037 | 13.1 | -10.0 | |
Referendum | Jeffrey Titford | 4,923 | 9.2 | N/A | |
Independent | Ralph Knight | 1,290 | 2.4 | N/A | |
Majority | 1,216 | 2.3 | |||
Turnout | 53,514 | 70.5 | −3.3 | ||
Labour gain from Conservative | Swing | −14.7 | |||
Elections in the 2000s
General Election 2001: Harwich | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Labour | Ivan Henderson | 21,951 | 45.6 | +6.9 | |
Conservative | Iain Sproat | 19,355 | 40.2 | +3.7 | |
Liberal Democrat | Peter Wilcock | 4,099 | 8.5 | −4.6 | |
UKIP | Tony Finnegan-Butler | 2,463 | 5.1 | N/A | |
Independent | Clive Lawrance | 247 | 0.5 | N/A | |
Majority | 2,596 | 5.4 | +3.1 | ||
Turnout | 48,115 | 62.1 | −8.4 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | +5.3 | |||
General Election 2005: Harwich | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
Conservative | Douglas Carswell | 21,235 | 42.1 | +1.9 | |
Labour | Ivan Henderson | 20,315 | 40.3 | −5.3 | |
Liberal Democrat | Keith Tully | 5,913 | 11.7 | +3.2 | |
UKIP | Jeffrey Titford | 2,314 | 4.6 | −0.5 | |
Respect | John Tipple | 477 | 0.9 | N/A | |
Independent | Christopher Humphrey | 154 | 0.3 | N/A | |
Majority | 920 | 1.8 | |||
Turnout | 50,408 | 62.6 | +0.5 | ||
Conservative gain from Labour | Swing | −3.6 | |||
See also
References
Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918-1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
Notes and references
- 1 2 3 Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "H" (part 1)
- ↑ British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
- ↑ British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
- ↑ British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 British parliamentary election results 1918-1949, Craig, F. W. S.
- ↑ Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party, 1939
- ↑ http://www.by-elections.co.uk/54.html
- ↑ http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge64/i10.htm
- ↑ http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge66/i10.htm
- ↑ http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge70/i10.htm
- ↑ http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge74a/i10.htm
- ↑ http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge74b/i10.htm
- ↑ http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge79/i10.htm
- ↑ http://www.election.demon.co.uk/1983EC.html
- ↑ "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
- ↑ http://www.election.demon.co.uk/1997EC.html
Coordinates: 51°52′N 1°14′E / 51.86°N 1.24°E