Hashim Thaçi

Hashim Thaçi
5th President of Kosovo
Incumbent
Assumed office 7 April 2016
Prime Minister	Isa Mustafa
Preceded by	Atifete Jahjaga
Prime Minister of Kosovo
In office 9 January 2008 – 9 December 2014
President	Fatmir Sejdiu Behgjet Pacolli Jakup Krasniqi (Acting) Atifete Jahjaga
Deputy	Hajredin Kuçi Behgjet Pacolli
Preceded by	Agim Çeku
Succeeded by	Isa Mustafa
In office 2 April 1999 – 1 February 2000
President	Ibrahim Rugova Nexhat Daci (Acting)
Preceded by	Bujar Bukoshi
Succeeded by	Nexhat Daci (Acting)
Personal details
Born	24 April 1968 Skenderaj, Yugoslavia (now Kosovo)
Political party	Democratic Party (1999-2016) Independent (2016-present)
Spouse(s)	Lumnije Thaçi
Children	1
Alma mater	University of Pristina University of Zürich (dropout)
Religion	Islam

Hashim Thaçi^[a] ([hä'ʃɪm 'θɑ:t͡ʃɪ]; born 24 April 1968) is the President of the Republic of Kosovo. He was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo and the Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister in the new cabinet led by Isa Mustafa, which assumed office on 12 December 2014. Thaçi is also the leader of the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK). He rose to prominence as the political leader of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), a paramilitary organisation which was active during the Kosovo War. In the meantime, he also served as head of a provisional government towards the end of and immediately after the war in 1999.

Early life and education

Hashim Thaçi was born in the village of Broćna, Srbica, SFR Yugoslavia (now Buroja, Skenderaj, Kosovo).^[1][2] Srbica is located in the Drenica valley, a historical region resistant of Serbian rule.^[3] Drenica would become the birthplace of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) in the early 1990s.^[3]

Thaçi studied philosophy and history at the University of Pristina.^[3] By 1993, he was living in Switzerland, where he joined the Albanian political émigré group. He registered for postgraduate studies at the University of Zürich in the departments of history and international relations and later dropped out.^[4][5]

Role in KLA

In 1993, Thaçi became a member of the inner circle of the KLA. Thaçi (nom de guerre "Gjarpëri" - The Snake) was responsible for securing financial means and armaments, and training recruits in Albania to be dispatched to Kosovo. On 11 July 1997, Thaçi was tried in absentia and convicted by the District Court in Pristina for terrorism associated with his activities in the KLA, sentenced to 10 years in prison.^[6]

In March 1999, Thaçi participated in the Rambouillet negotiations as the leader of the Kosovar Albanian team.^[7] Thaçi was perceived by western diplomats during the negotiations as the "voice of reason" within the KLA: his attendance at the negotiations demonstrated a willingness to accept autonomy for Kosovo within Serbia at a time when other rebel leaders rejected any solution short of full national independence.^[7]

Thaçi emerged from the final diplomatic settlement as the leader of the strongest faction within a KLA rife with factionalism. He moved quickly to consolidate power, unilaterally naming himself prime minister within a provisional government and allegedly ordering the assassination of the leaders of rival armed factions.^[8][9]

Alleged criminal activities

Thaçi is alleged to have extensive criminal links.^{[10][11][12][13]} During the period of time when he was head of the Kosovo Liberation Army, The Washington Times reported that the KLA was financing its activities by trafficking the illegal drugs of heroin and cocaine into western Europe.^[14] KLA supporters say that the KLA received funds from the Albanian diaspora in the US and the Albanian, United Kingdom, and United States governments.

The BBC reported in 2000 that Thaçi is allegedly central to the criminal activities of the Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC), who reportedly extorted money from businessmen under the guise of "taxes" for his self-appointed government.^[15] While the KLA was officially disbanded at the end of armed conflict in Kosovo in 1999, the new Kosovo Protection Corps was composed primarily of former KLA fighters and the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK). The party was formed largely from the political leadership of the KLA. A near monopoly on the means of force, based on the absorption of the KLA into the KPC, allowed the Democratic Party of Kosovo to seize control of the machinery of government at the municipal level.^[15] The PDK has regularly used violence and intimidation of political rivals to maintain local political control and protect criminal enterprises that depend upon cooperation from friendly local authorities.^[16]

In 2001, the Democratic Party of Kosovo suffered electoral defeat in the first free elections in the province in 2001. The BBC said at the time, "The tumbling reputation of the former KLA was to have a disastrous effect on the PDK because of the perceived overlap between its political leadership and post-KLA organised crime."^[17]

A recent analysis of organised crime in Kosovo prepared by the German intelligence service BND and a confidential report contracted by the German military, the Bundeswehr, accuse Thaçi, Ramush Haradinaj, and Xhavit Haliti, the majority leader of the Kosovo parliament, of far-reaching involvement in organised crime. The BND writes: "The key players (including Haliti, Haradinaj, and Thaçi) are intimately involved in inter-linkages between politics, business, and organised crime structures in Kosovo."^[18] The report accuses Thaçi of leading a "criminal network operating throughout Kosovo" by the end of the 1990s.^[18] The BND report accuses Thaçi of contacts with the Czech and Albanian mafias. It says that he, together with Haliti, ordered killings by a professional hit man, 'Afrimi', who is responsible for at least 11 contract murders.^[18]

According to the March 8, 2016 issue of the French newspaper "Le Figaro", Thaci is likely to be charged by the ICTY for a wide range of atrocities, including organs trafficking.^[19][20] The paper also claims that former UNMIK administrator for Kosovo, Bernard Kouchner, might be summoned to testify. Kouchner himself has been regularly accused of "turning a blind eye" on the atrocities committed by the KLA members.^[21]

Council of Europe accusations

A report to the Council of Europe, written by Dick Marty, issued on 15 December 2010^[22] states that Hacim Thaçi was the leader of the "Drenica Group" in charge of trafficking organs taken from Serbian prisoners. As reported by several international,^[23] Serbian,^[24] Kosovan^[25] and Albanian^[26] news agencies, in an interview for Albanian television on 24 December 2010, Thaçi said he would publish information about Marty and Marty's collaborators' names.

BBC news reported having seen a draft of the Council of Europe document, and asserts that it names "Hashim Thaci, Kosovo's current Prime Minister and wartime political leader of the KLA, 27 times in as many pages". They said the report charges the former KLA commanders of serious human rights abuses, including organ and drug trafficking.^[22][27] In 2011, Marty retreated from earlier reports and said that his report never implicated Thaçi directly.^[28]

However, the report was strongly criticized by Sir Geoffrey Nice, the British lawyer who had prosecuted Slobodan Milošević in The Hague, in an article published by the London Review of Books.

Nice accused Marty of having invented witness statements and relied on unsubstantiated evidence from intelligence agencies with a political agenda, before concluding that the Marty claims were “perhaps, part of a media campaign to obstruct the recognition of Kosovo as an independent state?”

None of the allegations have been substantiated in a court.

Prime Minister of Kosovo 2007–2014

Victory in 2007 election and declaration of Kosovar independence

President of US George W. Bush shakes hands with Kosovo President Fatmir Sejdiu (center) and Kosovo Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi (left) during a meeting in the White House on 21 July 2008, after Kosovo declared independence.

Kosovo elections were held on 17 November 2007. After early results based on 90 per cent of the votes, Hashim Thaçi, who was on course to gain 34 percent, claimed victory for the PDK. He stated his intention to declare independence without delay on 10 December, the date set by the United Nations for the end of negotiations with Serbia. At 45 percent, the turnout at the election was particularly low, as most Serbs refused to vote.^[29]

On 19 November 2007, several EU foreign ministers warned Thaçi and his allies against proceeding with their declaration of independence without consultations. Luxembourg's Jean Asselborn and Sweden's Carl Bildt urged the PDK not to make any hasty moves, while the EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana stressed the importance of proper preparations prior to formal independence. After EU talks on Kosovo in London on 19 November 2007, the UK's Europe minister, Jim Murphy, said independence without foreign support could isolate the breakaway province.^[30]

Thaçi and U.S. Vice President Joe Biden with Declaration of Independence of Kosovo

Hashim Thaçi was designated as the next leader of Kosovo's government on 11 December 2007 by the Kosovar President Fatmir Sejdiu and told to form a government "as soon as possible". His Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK) began coalition talks with the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) as well as the Alliance for New Kosovo (AKR). Those parties together control 75 seats of 120 in the assembly.^[31]

On 9 January 2008, Thaçi was elected as Prime Minister by parliament, with 85 votes in favor and 22 against. On this occasion, he stated his intention to achieve independence for Kosovo in the first half of 2008.^[32]

On 16 February 2008, Thaçi announced that the next day, 17 February, would be key for "implementing the will of the citizens of Kosovo", strongly implying the province would declare independence from Serbia.^[33] On 17 February 2008, Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia. Thaçi became Prime Minister of the newly independent state.

On 6 June 2008, a gunman broke into Thaçi's home in Pristina, while the latter was not present.^[34]

Relationships and Coalition with the Democratic League of Kosovo

Thaçi joined by his Turkish counterpart Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, 3 November 2010

Thaçi and Albanian PM Sali Berisha at the opening of Kalimash tunnel

Position	Portfolio	Name	Party
Prime Minister	General Affairs	Isa Mustafa	LDK
First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister	Foreign Affairs	Hashim Thaçi	PDK
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister	Culture, Youth and Sports	Kujtim Shala	LDK
Deputy Prime Minister	No Portfolio	Branimir Stojanović	Srpska
Minister	Justice	Hajredin Kuçi	PDK
Minister	Administration and Local Self-government	Ljubomir Marić	Srpska
Minister	Communities and Returns	Dalibor Jevtić	Srpska
Minister	Public Administration	Mahir Yağcılar	KDTP
Minister	Education, Science and Technology	Arsim Bajrami	PDK
Minister	Finances	Avdullah Hoti	LDK
Minister	Diaspora	Valon Murati	LB
Minister	Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development	Memli Krasniqi	PDK
Minister	European Integration	Bekim Çollaku	PDK
Minister	Economic Development	Blerand Stavileci	PDK
Minister	Environment and Spatial Planning	Ferid Agani	PD
Minister	Internal Affairs	Skënder Hyseni	LDK
Minister	Infrastructure	Lutfi Zharku	LDK
Minister	Trade and Industry	Hikmete Bajrami	LDK
Minister	Health	Imet Rrahmani	LDK
Minister	Labour and Social Welfare	Arban Abrashi	LDK
Minister	Security Force	Haki Demolli	LDK
Minister	No Portfolio	Edita Tahiri	ADK
Minister	No Portfolio	Rasim Demiri	Vakat

Victory in 2014 Parliamentary Elections

Following his re-election as Prime Minister on June 8, 2014, Thaci has declared a primary focus on economic development and job creation by "generating 200,000 jobs in the next 4 years" facilitated by repatriating around €1.5b currently held in a caretaker account abroad.^[35]

2016 presidential election

Thaçi was elected the President of Kosovo in February 2016, and will take office on April 7, 2016.^[36]

Honours and awards

•  Albania: On 20 June 2008 received a copy of the key of the city of Tirana on the occasion of his state visit to Albania.^[37]
•   Switzerland: On 1 July 2012, Thaçi received a Doctor Honoris Causa degree as a Doctor of International Relations from the Geneva School of Diplomacy in a ceremony held in that city. Previous recipients of this award include Martin Gray, a Holocaust survivor and writer; Adolf Ogi, the former president of Switzerland; and José Ramos-Horta, President of East Timor and a Nobel Peace Prize winner.^[38]
•  Montenegro: On 4 April 2015, on Ulcinj Day, Thaçi received the title of Honorary Citizen of Ulcinj by the town's municipal government.^[39]

Notes

a.	^ Albanian: Hashim Thaçi. Serbo-Croatian: Hašim Tači, Хашим Тачи.

References

1. "CRIMINAL CHARGES FILED AGAINST TACI {sic}, SEJDIU, KRASNICI".
2. "Dosije Hašima Tačija". Pecat. December 23, 2010.
3. Encyclopaedia Britannica 2009, p. 107.
4. "A e ka kryer fakultetin në Zvicër Hashim Thaçi?".
5. "Thaçi nuk është themeluesi i UÇK dhe nuk ka diplomë nga Universiteti i Zyrihut".
6. "BG odgovorio Tačiju: Bićeš uhapšen" (in Serbian). B92. 20 April 2015.
7. Gall, Carlotta (3 February 1999). "Ethnic Albanian Guerrillas Will Attend Talks on Kosovo". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
8. Hedges, Chris (6 June 1999). "Crisis in the Balkans: The Guerrillas; Kosovo Rebel Force Will Be Serbian Province's New Power Broker". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
9. Hedges, Chris (25 June 1999). "Crisis in the Balkans: The Separatists; Leaders of Kosovo Rebels Tied to Deadly Power Play". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
10. Dipak Basu; Victoria Miroshnik (2 December 2015). Structural Revolution in International Business Architecture: Political Economy:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 109–. ISBN 978-1-137-53578-8.
11. David L. Phillips; Nicholas Burns (20 July 2012). Liberating Kosovo: Coercive Diplomacy and U. S. Intervention. MIT Press. pp. 211–212. ISBN 978-0-262-30512-9.
12. Michael J. Boyle (24 March 2014). Violence after War: Explaining Instability in Post-Conflict States. JHU Press. pp. 42–. ISBN 978-1-4214-1258-0.
13. Jan Koehler; Christoph Zurcher (6 September 2003). Potentials of Disorder: Explaining Conflict and Stability in the Caucasus and in the Former Yugoslavia. Manchester University Press. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-0-7190-6241-4.
14. "KLA finances fight with heroin sales - Terror group is linked to crime network"; Jerry Seper. Washington Times, Washington, D.C.: May 3, 1999. pg. A.1
15. "Kosovo gripped by racketeers". BBC News. 5 April 2000. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
16. "Political violence in run-up to Kosovo vote", Christian Science Monitor, 15 August 2000.
17. "Analysis: Kosovo chooses normality". BBC News. 30 October 2000. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
18. "German spy affair might have been revenge", Die Welt Online, 30 November 2008.
19. "Le Figaro: Kouchner might testify against Thaci". Gazetaexpress. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
20. "A peine élu, le président du Kosovo risque d'être inculpé". Le Figaro. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
21. "Le Figaro: Kouchner might testify against Thaci". Gazetaexpress. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
22. Paul Lewis (14 December 2010). "Kosovo PM is head of human organ and arms ring, Council of Europe reports". London, UK: The Guardian.
23. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty in West Balkan languages: Tači će objaviti spisak Albanaca koji su pomagali Martiju (Thaci will publish the list of Albanians who were helping Marty)
24. B92 in English: Thaci to release names of Marty's helpers
25. Kosova Info: Thaçi ka dosje të bashkëpunëtorëve të Martyt (Thaçi has record of Marty's collaborators)
26. Info Albania: Thaci ka dosje te bashkepunetoreve te Martyt
27. "BBC comments on the draft report". BBC. 14 December 2010.
28. Collaku, Petrit (January 19, 2011). "Dick Marty Clarifies Organ Harvesting Allegations". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
29. "Low turnout hits Kosovo election". euronews. 18 November 2007. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
30. "EU warns Kosovo on independence". BBC News. 19 November 2007. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
31. "Thaci designated to head Kosovo government". Deutsche Presse-Agentur (Monsters and Critics). 11 December 2007. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
32. "Ex-rebel becomes Kosovo's prime minister". MSNBC. Associated Press. 2008-01-09. Retrieved 2009-09-17.
33. "Kosovo MPs proclaim independence". BBC News. 17 February 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
34. "Armed attack at Kosovo PM's home". BBC News. 7 June 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
35. "American Times with Prime Minister of Kosovo: Hashim Thaci". www.the-american-times.com. American Times. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
36. Hashim Thaci elected President of Kosovo
37. Thaçi receives copy of the key of the City of Tirana, tirana.gov.al; accessed 14 July 2015 (in Albanian)
38. Profile, kryeministri-ks.net; accessed 14 July 2015.
39. Thaçi receives title of Honorary Citizen of Ulcinj, mne.ul-info.com, 4 April 2015; accessed 14 July 2015. (in Albanian)

Sources

• Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (1 March 2009). Britannica Book of the Year 2009. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. pp. 107–. ISBN 978-1-59339-232-1.

External links

• Prime Minister of Kosovo Official Website
• PDK Partia Demokratike e Kosovës (in Albanian)
• Kryetari Thaçi: Populli i Kosovës dhe UÇK-ja ishin një A Thaçi interview by "Kosova Sot" daily (in Albanian)
• BBC News Profile
• Thaçi comments on the future of Kosovo at United States Institute of Peace