Helena Kantakouzene

Helena Kantakouzene
Empress consort of the Byzantine Empire
Tenure	28 May 1347 – 12 August 1376 (alongside Irene Asanina in 1347–54 and Irene Palaiologina in 1353–57)
Empress consort of the Byzantine Empire
Tenure	1 July 1379 – 16 February 1391
Born	1333 Byzantine Empire
Died	10 December 1396 Hagia Martha, Constantinople, Byzantine Empire
Spouse	John V Palaiologos
Issue	Andronikos IV Palaiologos Irene Palaiologina Manuel II Palaiologos Theodore I Palaiologos, Lord of Morea Michael Palaiologos Maria Palaiologina more possible unnamed daughters
Full name Helena Kantakouzene Greek: Ελένη Καντακουζηνή
House	House of Kantakouzenos (by birth) House of Palaiologos (by marriage)
Father	John VI Kantakouzenos
Mother	Irene Asanina

Helena Kantakouzene (Greek: Ελένη Καντακουζηνή) (1333 – 10 December 1396) was the Empress consort of John V Palaiologos in the Byzantine Empire.

Family

She was a daughter of John VI Kantakouzenos and Irene Asanina; Donald Nicol believes she was the youngest of their three daughters.^[1]

She was a sister of Matthew Kantakouzenos and Manuel Kantakouzenos. Her sisters Maria and Theodora were the respective wives of Nikephoros II Orsini and Orhan I.

Life

John V and John VI were rival emperors in a civil war fought from 1341 to 1347. The two sides at last reached an agreement. According to its terms John VI would be recognized as senior co-emperor with John V as his junior. The marriage was sealed with the marriage of Helena to John V.

The marriage occurred on 28 May 1347 – 29 May 1347, on the eighth day after her father's coronation by the Patriarch Isidore.^[2] Helena was about thirteen years old while her groom was a month short of his fifteenth birthday. Peace only lasted until 1352 when her husband resumed hostilities against her father. John VI was forced to resign the throne on 4 December 1354. Her brother Matthew would retain his title as co-emperor until his own defeat in 1357.

Previous to her marriage, Helena had accompanied her mother and sister to Selymbria for the wedding of her sister Theodora to the Ottoman Emir Orhan in 1346. Shortly after her own wedding, Orhan sent an agent to Constantinople to assassinate her husband, thinking he was doing John VI Kantakouzenos a favor. In 1352 Helena accompanied with her husband and her younger son Manuel to Thrace to accept control of the cities John VI had allotted him. Nicephorus Gregoras claims she later went to Constantinople to protect her father from possible actions by her husband, who had joined the anti-Palamite cause.^[2]

When her son Andronikos IV deposed his father 12 August 1376 in the struggle of the ongoing civil war, Helena tried to reconcile the two parties. Despite her efforts, John V and his sons Theodore and Manuel were put in prison October of that year. When the three escaped from prison in June 1379, she was thought responsible for it. Andronikos IV then fled to Galata, taking with him as hostages Helena, her elderly father John VI, and her two sisters Maria and Theodora. There the four were kept in strict confinement and suffered increasing privation during the siege of the fortress of Galata. They were released after John V and Andronikos signed a treaty in May 1381, and according to Demetrios Kydones, received a tumultuous welcome from the people of Constantinople.^[3]

After John V died in 1391, Helena became a nun in the convent of Kyra Martha in Constantinople, adopting the name of Hypomone. Nicol suggests she took up her vocation after July 1392, for there is evidence that she was still taking an active part in the affairs of state at that time. She died in 1396, sometime between October and December.

Family

Helena and John V had at least six children -- four sons and at least two daughters.^[4] These known children include:

• Andronikos IV Palaiologos (2 April 1348 – 28 June 1385);
• Irene Palaiologina (c. 1349 – after 1362), who married her first cousin Khalil of Bithynia. Her husband was a son of Orhan I and Helena's sister Theodora Kantakouzene.
• Manuel II Palaiologos (27 June 1350 – 21 July 1425);
• Theodore I Palaiologos, Lord of Morea (c. 1355 – 24 June 1407);
• Michael Palaiologos (d. 1376/1377), who claimed the throne of the Empire of Trebizond from Alexios III;
• Maria Palaiologina (d. 1376), who was betrothed to Murad I but died before the marriage could take place;
• One daughter betrothed to Peter II of Cyprus, who may not be Irene or Maria;
• Two unnamed daughters reported to have entered a monastery in 1373, who may be different women from the ones listed above.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Helena Kantakouzene

4. Michael Kantakouzenos                             2. John VI Kantakouzenos                                   5. Theodora Palaiologina Angelina                             1. Helena Kantakouzene                                         24. Mitso Asen of Bulgaria               12. Ivan Asen III of Bulgaria                       25. Maria Asenina of Bulgaria               6. Andronikos Asen                             26. Michael VIII Palaiologos               13. Irene Palaiologina                       27. Theodora Doukaina Vatatzaina               3. Irene Asanina                                   14. Protostrator Michael Doukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes                       7. Tarchaneiotissa                             15. Maria Doukaina Komnene Palaiologina Branaina

References

1. Donald M. Nicol, The Byzantine Family of Kantakouzenos (Cantacuzenus) ca. 1100-1460: a Genealogical and Prosopographical Study (Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, 1968), p. 135
2. Nicol, Byzantine Family, p. 136
3. Nicol, Byzantine Family, p. 137
4. Anthony Luttrell, "John V's Daughters: A Palaiologan Puzzle", Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 40 (1986), pp. 103-112

Further reading

• Frances Kianka, "The Letters of Demetrios Kydones to Empress Helena Kantakouzene Palaiologina", Dumbarton Oaks Papers: Homo Byzantinus: Papers in Honor of Alexander Kazhdan, 46 (1992), pp. 155-164

External links

• Her listing in "Medieval lands" by Charles Cawley, along with her husband and children. The project "involves extracting and analysing detailed information from primary sources, including contemporary chronicles, cartularies, necrologies and testaments."