Henry A. Byroade

Henry A. Byroade
Ambassador Byroade (right) being received by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, 1955
9th United States Ambassador to Afghanistan
In office 1959–1962
President	Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy
Preceded by	Sheldon T. Mills
Succeeded by	John M. Steeves
12th United States Ambassador to Pakistan
In office October 15, 1973 – April 23, 1977
President	Richard Nixon Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter
Preceded by	Joseph S. Farland
Succeeded by	Arthur W. Hummel, Jr.
Personal details
Born	July 24, 1913 Maumee Township, Allen County, Indiana
Died	December 31, 1993 (aged 80) Potomac, Maryland

Brigadier General Henry Alfred Byroade, (July 24, 1913 – December 31, 1993) of Indiana was an American career diplomat. Over the course of his career, he served as the American ambassador to Egypt (1955–1956), South Africa (1956–1959), Afghanistan (1959–1962), Burma (1963–1968), Philippines (1969–1973), and Pakistan (1973–1977).

Byroade graduated from West Point in 1937 and began as a career Army officer. His first post in army was on the Hawaiian Islands as a member of the Corps of Engineers from 1937 to 1939. The Corps sent him back in 1939 to engineering college. He got his master's degree in civil engineering from Cornell University in 1940 before being stationed at Langley Field, Virginia, helping to form the first aviation engineer regiment. In 1946, at the age of 32, he rose to the rank of Brigadier General. In 1949 he was seconded to the U.S. Department of State, where he headed the Office of German Affairs. In 1952, he made the decision to resign from the Army, and was appointed Assistant Secretary of State for Middle East, South Asia and Africa—a post he held until 1955.

In 1954 he attracted criticism from both Israel and the Arab world for the administration's policy declaration in which he told the Israelis, "You should drop the attitude of a conqueror and the conviction that force is the only policy that your neighbors will understand," and told the Arabs, "You should accept this state of Israel as an accomplished fact."^[1] That same year, he referred to Israel's Zionist ideology and its free admission of Jews through the Law of Return as "a legitimate matter of concern both to the Arabs and to the Western countries."^[2]

Byroade had been Ambassador to Egypt for more than a year when it was announced that he was being transferred. He was considered a friend of Arab causes but unable, during his Egyptian assignment, to prevent an arms deal between Czechoslovakia and Egypt, or to dissuade the Egyptian government of Gamal Abdel Nasser from expanding its campaigns against the West. Criticism of his effectiveness in Cairo in the Eisenhower Administration led to his reassignment to South Africa. Emanuel Neumann, chairman of the executive of the Zionist Organization of America urged that he be removed from Cairo, claiming he had been an apologist for the Egyptian government.

He retired from the Foreign Service in 1977. He died in December 1993 in Bethesda, Maryland.

References

1. Pace, Eric (3 January 1994). "Henry Byroade, 80, Ambassador to Egypt and 5 Other Countries". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
2. Adelman, Jonathan: The Rise of Israel: A History of a Revolutionary State

External links

• http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/com/10404.htm
• Obituary
• Papers of Henry A. Byroade, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum
• Oral History Interview with Henry Byroade from the Truman Library
• The State Department's Campaign Against the Jewish State Idea in 1954