Hirosaki

Hirosaki
弘前市
City

Hirosaki Castle and cherry blossoms

Flag
Seal

Location of Hirosaki in Aomori Prefecture
Hirosaki

 

Coordinates: 40°36′11.2″N 140°27′49.8″E / 40.603111°N 140.463833°E / 40.603111; 140.463833Coordinates: 40°36′11.2″N 140°27′49.8″E / 40.603111°N 140.463833°E / 40.603111; 140.463833
Country Japan
Region Tōhoku
Prefecture Aomori Prefecture
Government
 • - Mayor Noriyuki Kasai (since April 2010)
Area
 • Total 524.20 km2 (202.39 sq mi)
Population (September 1, 2015)
 • Total 176,590
 • Density 337/km2 (870/sq mi)
Time zone Japan Standard Time (UTC+9)
- Tree Apple tree
- Flower Cherry Blossom
Phone number 0172-35-1111
Address 1-1 Kamishirogane-machi, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori-ken 036-8551
Website www.city.hirosaki.aomori.jp/index.html

Hirosaki (弘前市 Hirosaki-shi) is a city located in southwest Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of September 2015, the city had an estimated population of 176,590 and a population density of 337 persons per km². The total area was 524.20 square kilometres (202.39 sq mi).

Hirosaki developed as a castle town for the 100,000 koku Hirosaki Domain ruled by the Tsugaru clan ruled during the Edo period. The city is currently a regional commercial center and the largest producer of apples in Japan. The city government has been promoting the catchphrase "Apple Colored Town Hirosaki", and "Castle and Cherry Blossom and Apple Town" to promote the city image. The town is also noted for a large number of western-style buildings dating to the Meiji period.

Geography

Hirosaki is located in southwest Aomori Prefecture, in the Tsugaru plains in the southern Tsugaru Peninsula, south of Mount Iwaki and bordering on Akita Prefecture

Neighbouring municipalities

City emblem

Hirosaki uses a swastika (manji in Japanese) as official emblem. This came from the flag emblem of Tsugaru clan, the lords of Hirosaki Domain during the Edo era.

History

The area around Hirosaki formed part of the domains of the Northern Fujiwara in the Heian period; Minamoto Yoritomo awarded it to the Nambu clan in the early Kamakura period after the defeat of the Northern Fujiwara (1189). During the Sengoku period a local retainer of the Nambu, Ōura Tamenobu, declared his independence (1571) and seized local castles. He assisted Toyotomi Hideyoshi at the Battle of Odawara in 1590, and was confirmed in his holdings with revenues of 45,000 koku. He also changed his name to Tsugaru. After siding with Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Battle of Sekigahara, his revenues increased to 47,000 koku and he began construction of a castle in Takaoka (present-day Hirosaki). His successor, Tsugaru Nobuhira, completed the castle in 1611, but its massive 5-storey donjon was lost to lightning in 1627. The domain’s revenues increased to 100,000 koku in 1628.

In 1808, Takaoka was renamed Hirosaki. The Tsugaru clan sided with the Satchō Alliance in the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration, and was rewarded by the new Meiji government with an additional 10,000 koku. However, with the abolition of the han system on August 29, 1871, Hirosaki Domain was abolished, and replaced by Hirosaki Prefecture. The Prefecture was renamed Aomori Prefecture in October of the same year, and the prefectural capital was relocated to the more centrally located Aomori.

Chōyō Elementary School was established on October 1, 1873. Apple horticulture was introduced to Hirosaki from 1877 and the 59th National Bank, the predecessor of Aomori Bank opened in March 1878. Hirosaki was proclaimed a city on April 1, 1889 and was thus one of the first 30 cities in Japan. The Ōu Main Line connected Hirosaki with Aomori on December 1, 1894.

Hirosaki became the home garrison town for the Imperial Japanese Army’s IJA 8th Division from October, 1898. The division was prominently active in the Russo-Japanese War.

Hirosaki City Hospital was established in 1901, and Hirosaki City Library in 1906. The first telephone service in the city stated from 1909. The first Cherry Blossom Festival was held in 1918. In 1927, the Kōnan Railway connected Hirosaki with Onoe. Hirosaki University was established in 1949.

On March 1, 1955, Hirosaki expanded through annexation of neighboring villages of Shimizu, Wattoku, Toyoda, Horikoshi, Chitose, Fujishiro, Niina, Funazawa, Takasugi, Susono and Higashimeya. Nishimeya became an enclave. The city further expanded on September 1, 1957 through annexation of neighboring Ishikawa Village.

The First Chrysanthemum and Maple Festival took place in 1964 and the First Hirosaki Castle Snow Lantern Festival in 1977. In 1979, the city was connected to the Tōhoku Expressway by a spur road named “Apple Road”.

On November 15, 2006, the town of Iwaki, and village of Sōma (both from Nakatsugaru District) were merged into Hirosaki.

Climate

Hirosaki has a hot humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfa) characterized by short warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall.

Climate data for Hirosaki, Aomori (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 1.5
(34.7)		 2.2
(36)		 6.3
(43.3)		 14.5
(58.1)		 19.8
(67.6)		 23.5
(74.3)		 26.9
(80.4)		 28.9
(84)		 24.5
(76.1)		 18.2
(64.8)		 11.0
(51.8)		 4.5
(40.1)		 15.2
(59.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.8
(28.8)		 −1.3
(29.7)		 1.9
(35.4)		 8.5
(47.3)		 13.8
(56.8)		 17.9
(64.2)		 21.7
(71.1)		 23.5
(74.3)		 18.9
(66)		 12.5
(54.5)		 6.1
(43)		 0.9
(33.6)		 10.2
(50.4)
Average low °C (°F) −5
(23)		 −4.8
(23.4)		 −2.2
(28)		 3.1
(37.6)		 8.3
(46.9)		 13.3
(55.9)		 17.6
(63.7)		 19.1
(66.4)		 14.3
(57.7)		 7.6
(45.7)		 1.8
(35.2)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 5.9
(42.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 120.7
(4.752)		 94.5
(3.72)		 77.4
(3.047)		 59.4
(2.339)		 71.8
(2.827)		 69.6
(2.74)		 113.1
(4.453)		 132.1
(5.201)		 127.2
(5.008)		 90.5
(3.563)		 110.0
(4.331)		 116.8
(4.598)		 1,183.1
(46.579)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 248
(97.6)		 208
(81.9)		 131
(51.6)		 11
(4.3)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 20
(7.9)		 142
(55.9)		 760
(299.2)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 57.0 78.5 126.1 183.3 201.4 175.0 160.8 181.8 146.2 141.4 89.1 58.0 1,598.6
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency
Hirosaki Castle
Hirosaki City Hall

Economy

Hirosaki is the regional commercial center for southwest Aomori Prefecture. The main agricultural crops include apples and rice, with Hirosaki accounting for 20% of the total production of apples in Japan.

Education

Higher education

Secondary education

Hirosaki has 35 elementary schools, 15 city, one national and one private middle schools, one combined elementary/middle school, and six prefectural and four private high schools. In addition, there are four special education schools.

Transportation

Railways

Highways

Culture

Hirosaki is known for its tradition of Tsugaru-jamisen, a virtuosic style of shamisen playing. It is the site of shrine.

Local attractions

Ōgi-Neputa, a fan-shaped float, at the Hirosaki Neputa Festival in 2008

Hirosaki is known for its Cherry Blossom Festival held in the park surrounding Hirosaki Castle. About 2,600 Sakura (Japanese cherry) blossom during the Japanese Golden Week vacation period. The Hirosaki Neputa Festival is held during the first week of August and is one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan by the Ministry of the Environment [1]

Noted people from Hirosaki

References

  1. ↑ "100 Soundscapes of Japan". Ministry of the Environment. Retrieved 8 December 2015.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hirosaki.
Wikisource has the text of the 1905 New International Encyclopedia article Hirosaki.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Hirosaki.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Saturday, April 30, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.