History of Armenia (book)

History of Armenia

Etymology Timeline Traditional Urheimat
Prehistory Stone & Copper Age Shulaveri-Shomu culture c.6500–3400 BCE Areni-1 Cave Complex Kura–Araxes culture c.3400–2000 BCE Legend of Hayk (?) 2492 BCE Bronze & Iron Age Hayasa-Azzi c.1500–1290 BCE Arme-Shupria c.1300s–1190 BCE Ararat/Urartu Nairi Tribes 1114–860 BCE Kingdom of Van 860–590 BCE Scythian & Mede Invasions 6th Century BCE
Antiquity Achaemenid Period Satrapy of Armina 549–331 BCE Orontid Dynasty Ancient Armenia Kingdom of Armenia 321 BCE–428 CE Artaxiad dynasty 189 BCE–12 CE Empire 84–34 BCE Arsacid dynasty 52–428 CE Roman–Parthian War 58–63 CE Roman Province of Armenia 114–118 CE Christianization 301 CE Armenia Minor 331–72 BCE Kingdom of Sophene c.200–94 BCE Kingdom of Commagene 163 BCE–72 CE Marzpanate period Byzantine Armenia 387–536 Persian Armenia 428–646 Mamikonian dynasty Battle of Avarayr 451
Middle Ages Arabic Period Emirate of Armenia 653–884 Hamamshen 700s–1300s Amatuni Dynasty Medieval Armenia Bagratid Armenia 884–1045 Bagratid dynasty 861–1118 Kingdom of Vaspurakan 908–1021 Artsruni dynasty Sajid dynasty 889–929 Sallarid dynasty 919–1062 Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget 979–1118 Kingdom of Artsakh 1000–1261 House of Hasan-Jalalyan Battle of Manzikert 1071 Cilician & Turco-Mongol Period Seljuq rule 1071–1201 Georgian union 1201–1236 Ilkhanid rule 1236–1335 Principality of Khachen 1261–1750 Turkmen rule 1335–1508 Kingdom of Cilicia 1198–1375 Rubenid dynasty 1000–1261 Hethumid dynasty 1226–1373 Lusignan dynasty 1341–1375
Early modern age Perso-Ottoman Period Safavid & Qajar rule 1502–1828 Five Melikdoms Nakhichevan deportation 1606 Ceding of Eastern Armenia 1828 Ottoman rule 1548–1915 Six Vilayets 1878 Hamidian massacres 1895–1896 Armenian Genocide 1909–1918 Russian period Russian rule 1828–1918 Armenian Oblast 1828–1840 Western Armenia 1915–1918 National Liberation Movement Armenakan 1885 S.D. Hunchakian Party 1887 ARF (Dashnaktsutyun) 1890 Caucasus Campaign 1914–1918 Battle of Sardarapat 1918 Battle of Karakilisa 1918 Modern Armenia First Republic of Armenia 1918–1920 Treaty of Batum 1918 War with Azerbaijan 1918–1920 War with Georgia 1918 Treaty of Sèvres 1920 Wilsonian Armenia 1920 War with Turkey 1920 Treaty of Alexandropol 1920
Modern age Soviet Period Armenian S.S.R. 1920–1991 February Uprising 1921 Republic of Mountainous Armenia 1921 Treaty of Moscow 1921 Treaty of Kars 1921 Territorial claims against Turkey 1945–1953 Independence Armenian diaspora Hidden Armenians Republic of Armenia since 1991 Nagorno-Karabakh Republic since 1994 Nagorno-Karabakh War 1989–1994
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The History of Armenia (Armenian: Պատմություն Հայոց, Patmut'yun Hayots) attributed to Movses Khorenatsi is an early account of Armenia, covering the mythological origins of the Armenian people as well as Armenia's interaction with Sassanid, Byzantine and Arsacid empires down to the 5th century.

It contains unique material on ancient Armenian legends, and such information on pagan (pre-Christian) Armenian as has survived. It also contains plentiful data on the history and culture of contiguous countries. The book had an enormous impact on Armenian historiography. In the text, the author self-identifies as a disciple of Saint Mesrop, and states that he composed his work at the request of Isaac (Sahak), the Bagratuni prince who fell in battle in 482.

Authorship

Main article: Moses Khorenatsi

Until the 19th century most scholars accepted Movses's History as an authentic script. For example, Gibbon in his History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (ch. 32) still accepted the 5th century date of Movses, on grounds that "his local information, his passions and his prejudices, are strongly expressive of a native and contemporary"."^[1] It is now clear that the current version we have could not have been written in the 5th century ^[1]^[2] There is clearly a later Christian influence back-dating the Christianity of Armenia, and relating other stories from the area to the conversion of Armenian to Christianity. For example, in the book Adgbar's queen, Helena, is a pious Christian who cannot live among the pagans and moves to Jerusalem where she provides food during a famine. This story is actually about Queen Helena of Adiabene from the Neo-Assyrian vassal state Adiabene, who, according to Flavius Josephus converted to Judaism and indeed contributed to the city at a time when Christianity was illegal in the Roman Empire.

The book is divided into three parts:

"Genealogy of Armenia Major", embracing the history of Armenia from the beginning down to Alexander the Great;
"History of the middle period of our ancestors", extending from Alexander to the death of Gregory the Illuminator and the reign of King Terdat (330);
the third part brings the history down to the overthrow of the Arshakuni Dynasty (428)
the fourth part brings the history down to the time of the Emperor Zeno (474-491), during this time there were three wars: a. the Armenian Independence War headed by Vasak Syuni (450), b. the civilian war between Vardan Mamikonyan and Vasak Syuni (autumn of 450 - May 451), inspired by Romans, Persians and Armenian clergy, c. the 2nd independence war headed by Sahak Bagratuni (who ordered Movses Khorenatsi to write the "history of Armenia") and then by Vahan Mamikonyan (after the death of Sahak Bagratuni in 482).

According to Tovma Artsruni, writing in the 10th century, there was also a fourth part which brings the history down to the time of the Zeno (474-491). This fourth part of the Movses's "History" is lost or destroyed by the Armenian clergy.

Legendary patriarchs

This first book contains 32 chapters, from Adam to Alexander the Great. List of the Armenian patriarchs according to Moses:

Hayk, Haig (grandson of Tiras), Armenak (or Aram), Aramais, Amassia, Gegham, Harma, Aram
Ara Geghetsik, Ara Kardos, Anushavan, Paret, Arbag, Zaven, Varnas, Sour, Havanag
Vashtak, Haikak, Ampak, Arnak, Shavarsh, Norir, Vestam, Kar, Gorak, Hrant, Endzak, Geghak
Horo, Zarmair, Perch, Arboun, Hoy, Houssak, Kipak, Skaiordi

These cover the 24th to 9th centuries BC in Moses' chronology, indebted to the Chronicon of Eusebius. There follows a list of legendary kings, covering the 8th to 4th centuries BC:

Parouyr, Hratchia, Pharnouas, Pachouych, Kornak, Phavos, Haikak II, Erouand I, Tigran I, Vahagn, Aravan, Nerseh, Zareh, Armog, Bagam, Van, Vahé.

These gradually enter historicity with Tigran I (6th century BC), who is also mentioned in the Cyropaedia of Xenophon (Tigranes Orontid, traditionally 560-535 BC; Vahagn 530-515 BC), but Aravan to Vahé are again otherwise unknown.

chapter 1: letter to Sahak

chapter 5: from Noah to Abraham and Belus

chapters 10-12: about Hayk

chapter 13: war against the Medes

chapter 14: war against Assyria, 714 BC

chapters 15-16: Ara and Semiramis

chapters 17-19: Semiramis flees from Zoroaster to Armenia and is killed by her son.

chapter 20: Ara Kardos and Anushavan

chapter 21: Paruyr, first king of Armenia at the time of Ashurbanipal

chapter 22: kings from Pharnouas to Tigran

chapter 23: Sennacherib and his sons

chapters 24-30: about Tigran I

chapter 31: descendants of Tigran down to Vahé, who is killed in resistance against Alexander

chapter 32: Hellenic wars

Middle Period (332 BC - AD 330)

Further information: List of Armenian Kings

92 chapters, from Alexander the Great to Tiridates III of Armenia.

Arsacid period 330-428

Further information: Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia

68 chapters, from the death of Tiridates III to Gregory the Illuminator.

Editions and translations

Number	Year	Place	Publisher	Comment
1	1695	Amsterdam	Tovmas Vanandetsi	The first publishing; "editio princeps
2	1736	London	William and George Whiston	with a Latin translation; "Historiae Armeniacae"^[3]
3	1752	Venice	Anton Bortoli	"History of the Armenians"^[4]
4	1827	Venice	The Armenian Mechitarist Fathers of Venice
5	1841	Venice	L. de Florivar	Italian and French translations
6	1843	Venice	The Armenian Mechitarist Fathers of Venice
7	1845	Paris	The Armenian Mechitarist Fathers of Venice
8	1864	Venice
9	1881	Tiflis
10	1881	Tiflis
11	1913	Tiflis		facsimile ed., intro. by R. W. Thomson, 1981 Caravan Books, ISBN 978-0-88206-032-3
12	1910's (?)	Tiflis

Under Soviet rule the book was published many times.

R. W. Thomson, English translation, 1978 (Harvard, ISBN 978-0-674-39571-8).
G. Kh. Sargsyn, Russian translation, 1991 (ISBN 9785808401853).
R. W. Thomson, English translation, rev. ed. 2006 (Caravan Books, ISBN 978-0-88206-111-5).

References

1 2 Robert K. Thomson, "Armenian Literary Culture through the Eleventh Century", in R.G. Hovahanissian (ed.), Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times (Volume 1, 2004)
↑ Rizvan Huseynov, "A MEDIEVAL ARMENIAN SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF THE CAUCASUS AS ANALYZED BY JEAN SAINT-MARTIN", in THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION (Volume 8 Issue 1-2, 2014)
↑ Hakob Meghapart project - 1725 - 1750
↑ Hakob Meghapart project - 1750 - 1775

Robert H. Hewson, "The Primary History of Armenia": An Examination of the Validity of an Immemorially Transmitted Historical Tradition, History in Africa (1975).

External links

Movses of Chorene, "The History of Armenia" (in Armenian)
Armenology Research National Center (in Armenia)
Movses of Chorene, "The History of Armenia" (in Russian)
Movsēs Xorenac'i, "Storia della Grande Armenia" (in Italian)
History of the Armenians, Moses Khorenats'i. Commentary on the Literary Sources by R. Thomson
A MEDIEVAL ARMENIAN SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF THE CAUCASUS AS ANALYZED BY JEAN SAINT-MARTIN

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