Honduran general election, 2013
 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
| This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Honduras |
|
Executive |
|
Legislative |
|
Judiciary |
|
| Foreign relations |
|
Politics portal |
General elections were held in Honduras on November 24, 2013.[1] Voters went to the polls to elect:
- A new President of Honduras to serve a four-year term starting January 27, 2014 along with the 3 respective Vice Presidents;
- 128 members to serve four-year terms in the National Congress;
- 298 Mayors and vice-mayors and their respective councilors; and
- 20 representatives to the Central American Parliament.
The closely watched presidential election saw a field of eight candidates vying to succeed outgoing President Porfirio Lobo Sosa, who is not eligible to run for re-election. Salvador Nasralla, a sports journalist and television personality, and Xiomara Castro, the wife of the deposed president Mel Zelaya, both candidates from newly formed political parties (the Anti-Corruption Party and Libre, respectively) were leading in most of the early polls. However, as the election neared, the candidates of the two traditional parties – Juan Orlando Hernández of the National Party and Mauricio Villeda of the Liberal Party – both surged in the polls.
Background
This is the first election to be contested by the opposition since the controversial and polarising 2009 Honduran coup d'état. The social mobilization since then led to the founding of the main opposition party, Libre.[2]
The two-party system
Honduras has historically been dominated by a two-party system – the National Party and the Liberal Party. This election represents the first time in Honduran history in which other parties have a chance at winning the presidency or at least gaining a significant representation in the Congress, four of which find their genesis post-coup.[3]
Human rights concerns
The elections are set to take place amidst a deteriorating human rights situations.[4] Amnesty International called attention to the killings of human rights defenders in the lead-up to the election, noting that Honduras has the highest homicide rate in the world yet only twenty percent of homicides are investigated.[4] Honduran human rights organizations formed the Board of Analysis on the Human Rights Situation to monitor human rights violations surrounding the election,[5] pointing to the level of political violence in the country: human rights group Rights Action examined the period between May 2012 and October 2013 and documented 36 killings and 24 armed attacks against pre-candidates, candidates, their families and campaign leaders across all parties, with Libre experiencing the majority of both armed attacks and killings.[6] In light of this situation, 24 U.S. Senators signed a letter to the U.S. State Department expressing their concerns about the upcoming elections.[7]
Campaign
Key electoral issues have been citizen security, organized crime, unemployment, and corruption.[8] One of the main components of Hernández's campaign is his promise to put "a soldier on every corner."[9] For her part, Castro has emphasized the need for community policing and secure borders.[10]
Presidential election
Primaries
Primaries were held for the National Party, Liberal Party and Libre.
National
Juan Orlando Hernández, president of the National Congress of Honduras, won the presidential nomination of the National Party. The other candidates were Ricardo Álvarez (the Mayor of Tegucigalpa), Fernando Anduray (National Congress deputy), Victor Hugo Barnica (Third Vice President of Honduras), Eva Fernandez, Loreley Fernandez, and Miguel Pastor (Secretary of State for Public Works, Transport, and Housing). The Supreme Electoral Tribunal certified Hernández's victory, but Álvarez immediately presented an appeal, accusing Hernández of fraud and asking for a recount.[11] The appeal was rejected by the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court, four of whose five members were replaced by Hernández a month earlier in a move widely criticized as an illegal "technical coup".[9][12][13] Álvarez and Pastor refused to attend the party convention in protest, claiming that they were being persecuted by their own party.[14]
Liberal
Mauricio Villeda, won the presidential nomination of the Liberal Party. Other candidates in the fray for the presidential nomination were Esteban Handal Perez and Yani Rosenthal (National Congress deputy and former Minister of Presidency).
Libre
Xiomara Castro de Zelaya, former First Lady of Honduras, was the sole presidential candidate in the Libre primaries.
Opinion polls
President
| polling organisation, [ref] | date | poll details | candidate | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hernández (PN) | Castro (Libre) | Villeda (PL) | Nasralla (PAC) | (other response) | |||||
| Cid/Gallup[15] | 6–12 September 2013 | national; 1220 adults | 27% | 29% | 15% | 11% | |||
| Paradigma[16] | 16–24 September 2013 | national; 2400 adults | 21.9% | 22.8% | 12.0% | 10.0% | Others: 1%; Don’t know/no response: 11%; None: 21.3% | ||
| TecniMerk[17] | 28 September – 5 October 2013 | national; 2500 adults | 21.0% | 31.2% | 13.3% | 14.8% | Don’t know/no response: 18.5% | ||
| Cid/Gallup[18] | 9–15 October 2013 | national; 1525 adults | 28% | 27% | 17% | 9% | |||
| Paradigma[19] | 10–19 October 2013 | national; 4025 adults | 25.7% | 22.2% | 10.7% | 9.9% | Others: 0.7%; Don’t know/no response: 12.3%; None: 18.5% | ||
Congress
| polling organisation, [ref] | date | poll details | PN | Libre | PL | PAC | Other party | None/Independents/No answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cid/Gallup[15] | 6–12 September 2013 | national; 1220 adults | 32% | 22% | 21% | 8% | 17% | |
| Paradigma[16] | 16–24 September 2013 | national; 2400 adults | 28.7% | 20.6% | 19.1% | 3.7% | 0.9% | 27.0% |
| TecniMerk[17] | 28 September – 5 October 2013 | national; 2500 adults | 28.5% | 28.2% | 14.8% | 9.6% | ||
| Cid/Gallup[18] | 9–15 October 2013 | national; 1525 adults | 35% | 19% | 22% | 6% | 18% | |
| Paradigma[19] | 10–19 October 2013 | national; 4025 adults | 30.0% | 20.0% | 18.0% | 3.2% | 0.5% | 28.3% |
Conduct
Honduran elections have historically been marred by fraud,[20][21][22] and polls leading up to the elections found that 59% of Hondurans believe the elections will be fraudulent.[23] However, the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE) has stated that these will be the most clean and fair elections in Honduras's history, and both the traditionally dominant parties – the National and Liberal parties – agree.[24] The newly formed Libre Party and Anti-Corruption Party fear that there will be fraud, a position backed by the Carter Center.[24] Anti-Corruption Party candidate Salvador Nasralla publicly denounced attempts at vote-buying by the National Party across the country.[25] Nasralla highlighted National Party control of key government institutions like the Public Ministry and the Supreme Court.[25] Dana Frank, writing in The Nation, echoed these concerns, noting National Party candidate Hernández's participation in both the illegal naming of a new attorney general in August 2013 and the illegal destitution of four Supreme Court judges in December 2012,[9] the latter of which ultimately resulted in Hernández securing his party's nomination for the presidency.[20]
The TSE has stated that over 700 international election observers, representing various governments and organizations, including the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the European Union, and the Carter Center, will be present to monitor the elections.[26] In the days before the election, international observers in the department of Yoro and in the capital Tegucigalpa reported targeted harassment and intimidation on the part of immigration officials and unidentified armed men.[27][28] The TSE confirmed these reports and ordered the Honduran immigration authorities to stop all of these types of operations concerning election observers.[29]
Results
President
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juan Orlando Hernández | National Party | 1,149,302 | 36.89 |
| Xiomara Castro | Liberty and Refoundation | 896,498 | 28.78 |
| Mauricio Villeda | Liberal Party | 632,320 | 20.30 |
| Salvador Nasralla | Anti-Corruption Party | 418,443 | 13.43 |
| Romeo Vásquez Velásquez | Patriotic Alliance | 6,105 | 0.20 |
| Orle Solís | Christian Democratic Party | 5,194 | 0.17 |
| Jorge Aguilar Paredes | Innovation and Unity Party | 4,468 | 0.14 |
| Andrés Pavón | FAPER–Democratic Unification | 3,118 | 0.10 |
| Total | 3,115,448 | 100 | |
| Valid votes | 3,115,448 | 95.12 | |
| Invalid votes | 108,171 | 3.30 | |
| Blank votes | 51,727 | 1.58 | |
| Total votes | 3,275,346 | 100 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 5,355,112 | 61.16 | |
| Source: TSE | |||
National Congress
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Party | 9,255,904 | 33.64 | 48 | –23 |
| Liberty and Refoundation | 7,568,392 | 27.51 | 37 | New |
| Liberal Party | 4,670,157 | 16.97 | 27 | –18 |
| Anti-Corruption Party | 4,169,245 | 15.15 | 13 | New |
| Innovation and Unity Party | 507,958 | 1.85 | 1 | –2 |
| Democratic Unification Party | 460,814 | 1.67 | 1 | –3 |
| Christian Democratic Party | 444,734 | 1.62 | 1 | –4 |
| Patriotic Alliance | 272,398 | 0.99 | 0 | New |
| FAPER–Democratic Unification Party | 128,488 | 0.47 | 0 | – |
| Independent Socialist candidates | 20,429 | 0.07 | 0 | – |
| FAPER | 9,011 | 0.03 | 0 | New |
| United for Choluteca | 8,542 | 0.03 | 0 | – |
| Total | 27,516,072 | 100 | 128 | 0 |
| Valid votes | 2,699,544 | 85.98 | ||
| Invalid votes | 155,060 | 4.94 | ||
| Blank votes | 285,088 | 9.08 | ||
| Total votes | 3,139,692 | 100 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 5,308,781 | 59.14 | ||
| Source: TSE | ||||
Aftermath
Juan Orlando Hernández was announced as the winner in a result the Supreme Electoral Tribunal's head, David Matamoros, called "irreversible",[30] this followed initial claims by both leading candidates of having won. While opposition protests continued, Hernández said the result was "not negotiable with anybody" and named a transition team.[30]
However Castro and Nasralla have disputed the results,[31] and Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro accused the United States of "meddling in the internal affairs of Hondurans."[32] Castro called on her supporters to hold a protest on Saturday 30 November.[33]
According to the North American Congress on Latin America, "the elections have been fraught with irregularities and violent intimidation, threatening to throw the embattled nation into further political disarray."[34] However, observers from the Organization of American States and the United Nations declared that the elections met international standards and were both free and fair.[35]
References
- ↑ Tribunal Supremo Electoral Honduras (9 April 2013). "Universidades de País Apoyaran al TSE para la Realización de las Elecciones Generales". http://www.tse.hn. Retrieved 16 April 2013. External link in
|publisher=(help) - ↑ Nina Lakhami (23 November 2013). "The fight to take power in Honduras". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
- ↑ Carlos Salinas (October 8, 2013). "Honduras rompe cien años de bipartidismo". El País. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
- 1 2 "Honduras: Elections should mark a turning point for human rights". Amnesty International. 5 November 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
- ↑ "Humanitarian national emergency". Radio Mundo Real. October 31, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
- ↑ Karen Spring (October 21, 2013). "Context of the Honduran Electoral Process 2012: Incomplete list of Killings and Armed Attacks Related to Political Campaigning in Honduras" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-11-16.
- ↑ Lauren Carasik (November 3, 2013). "Honduras' political violence threatens to undermine its November elections". Al Jazeera America. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
- ↑ Javier Sánchez (May 24, 2013). "Histórico abanico de partidos". La Tribuna. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
- 1 2 3 Dana Frank (November 6, 2013). "A High-Stakes Election in Honduras". The Nation. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
- ↑ "En Tocoa, Colón: Xiomara ofrece policía comunitaria y enviaría militares a cuidar fronteras". El Tiempo. August 4, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
- ↑ "Ricardo Álvarez anuncia que presentará recurso". El Heraldo. December 11, 2012. Retrieved 2013-11-17. (Spanish)
- ↑ "Sala Constitucional declara inadmisible conteo voto por voto". El Heraldo. January 24, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
- ↑ Annie Bird (January 8, 2013). "December 12, 2012 "Coup" in Honduras: The Constitutional Court Dismissed as Primary Elections are Challenged". Rights Action. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
- ↑ "Ricardo y Miguel confirman que no irán a Convención nacionalista". La Prensa. August 15, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-17. (Spanish)
- 1 2 "Remonta Juan Orlando Hernández en intención de voto presidencial", La Prensa (in Spanish), 24 September 2013, retrieved 2013-11-16
- 1 2 "Intención de voto para presidente a nivel nacional – Encuestra Septiembre 2013", Paradigma Encuestadora (in Spanish), 29 September 2013, retrieved 2013-11-16
- 1 2 "Honduras: Xiomara Castro sigue encabezando encuestas", Kaos en la Red (in Spanish), 11 October 2013, retrieved 2013-11-22
- 1 2 "Honduras: Juan Orlando arriba 5 puntos según CID-Gallup", La Prensa (in Spanish), 24 October 2013, retrieved 2013-11-16
- 1 2 "Intención de voto para presidente a nivel nacional – Encuestra Octubre 2013", Paradigma Encuestadora (in Spanish), 21 October 2013, retrieved 2013-11-16
- 1 2 Gina Kawas (November 6, 2013). "El fantasma del fraude electoral en Honduras". Panam Post. Retrieved 2013-11-17. (Spanish)
- ↑ Orlin Cruz Martínez (October 4, 2013). "A Propósito de Fraude Electoral". El Tiempo. Retrieved 2013-11-17. (Spanish)
- ↑ Parvez Jabri (October 19, 2013). "US lawmakers warn Kerry of Honduras vote problems". Business Recorder. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
- ↑ "Survey shows Honduran citizens expect electoral fraud, and are dissatisfied with democracy". Resistencia Honduras. September 27, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
- 1 2 Gustavo Veiga (November 4, 2013). "Honduras irá a las urnas marcada por el golpe". Página 12. Retrieved 2013-11-16. (Spanish)
- 1 2 ""Partido Nacional ya compró credenciales": Nasralla". La Prensa. August 19, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-17. (Spanish)
- ↑ "Unos 700 observadores internacionales vigilarán las elecciones en Honduras". El Mundo. November 9, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
- ↑ "Honduras: Detienen a Delegación Internacional de Observación de DDHH". Diario Uchile. November 23, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-23. (Spanish)
- ↑ "Hombres armados amedrentan a acompañantes electorales de Honduras". teleSUR. November 23, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-23. (Spanish)
- ↑ "Ordenan a Migración detener operativo". El Heraldo. November 23, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-23. (Spanish)
- 1 2 "Hernandez lead 'irreversible' in Honduras". Al Jazeera. November 26, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-26.
- ↑ "Tension increases in Honduras, as election sparks competing claims of victory, fraud". The Washington Post. November 25, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-28.
- ↑ "Venezuela’s Maduro Rejects US "Intervention" in Honduras". Venezuelanalysis.com. November 26, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-28.
- ↑ "Winner named in Honduras presidential vote; opposition vows protests". CNN. November 27, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-28.
- ↑ "Honduran Election Results Contested by International Observers". North American Congress on Latin America. November 28, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-28.
- ↑ "BBC News". BBC. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
See also
| ||||||||||||||