Hong Kong legislative election, 2008
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The 2008 Hong Kong Legislative Council Election (Chinese: 香港特別行政區第四屆立法會選舉) was held on 7 September 2008[1] for the 4th Legislative Council since the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. There are 60 seats in the 4th Council, with 30 Members elected by geographical constituencies through direct elections, and 30 Members by functional constituencies.[2] Candidates for 14 functional constituency seats were unopposed.
Pre-election issues
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress vote in December 2007 to allow universal suffrage by 2017, and full Legislative Council elections by 2020, tempered the debate on universal suffrage. Wary of political parties, the government sought to defer discussion on other highly sensitive issues until October 2008, in the hopes that the election will be void of focus. The election was therefore fought over issues regarding the minimum wage, health care reform, Old Age Allowance, and the future of RTHK. Also, the case surrounding former Housing Director Leung Chin-man served to highlight the issue of systematic checks and balances, and the lack of political scrutiny of government actions.[3]
Commentators, such as Albert Cheng, noted that the fighting between pro-democracy parties was heating up, but forecast few changes in the overall party standings of the new Council. He cited proportional representation as a mechanism, which built in protection for a multi-party system.[4]
There were some concerns that those seeking the right of abode in Hong Kong felt pressured by lobbyists supporting the DAB. Two advocacy groups echoed abode-seekers' in being bombarded with telephone calls and other pressures to vote for the DAB, or for Regina Ip.[5]
Deputy ministers appointment controversy
Inflation relief measures
Leung Chin-man appointment controversy
Candidates
A total of 142 candidates on 53 lists entered the election via the geographical constituencies,[6] making it the most contested election since the handover of Hong Kong.[7] The candidates of both the pan-democracy and pro-Beijing coalitions stated that they would not allocate the votes within each camp, leading to infighting inside the caucuses.[8] Martin Lee and Anson Chan announced that they would not stand, and would endorse other candidates. In addition, some incumbent legislators such as Audrey Eu of the Civic Party and Yeung Sum of the Democratic Party were placed second on their lists in an attempt to get less experienced members of their parties elected.[9]
Beijing's involvement in the elections was an open secret: its strategy was to elect a new batch of "independent" aspirants with profession backgrounds and without a strong pro-Beijing image, such as Scarlet Pong, and eventual winners Regina Ip and Priscilla Leung. It had hoped they would appeal to the middle class voters and steal votes from the pan-democratic parties.[10]
The functional constituencies were less competitive: 14 out of the 30 seats were uncontested. The Accounting and Architectural, Surveying and Planning functional constituencies were the most contested, with 5 candidates competing in each constituency.[11][12] 45 candidates in total ran for the 16 contested seats.[13]
Retiring incumbents
Ten incumbents chose not to run for re-election.
Incumbents defeated
Ten incumbents lost re-election
| Party | Name | Constituency | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Civic | Fernando Cheung Chiu-hung | New Territories West | running for Social Welfare constituency in the last election | |
| Mandy Tam Heung-man | Accountancy | |||
| CTU | Lau Chin-shek | Kowloon West | ||
| Democratic | Yeung Sum | Hong Kong Island | placed second of the list | |
| FTU | Chan Yuen-han | Kowloon East | placed second of the list | |
| Liberal | Selina Chow Liang Suk-yee | New Territories West | ||
| James Tien Pei-chun | New Territories East | |||
| Independent | Kwok Ka-ki | Medical | ||
| Lam Wai-keung | District Council | running for Heung Yee Kuk in the last election | ||
General outcome
A record number of 3.37 million people registered to vote in the election. The turnout rate was low, at 45% with 1.51 million voters casting ballots.[14]
Commentator Chris Yeung believed that the Liaison Office operated behind the scenes to co-ordinate votes for the pro-Beijing camp. These independents managed to secure seats, but apparently not at the expense of support for the pan-democrats.[10]
The Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong remained the largest single party in Council, with 13 seats.[15] The share of the pan-democratic parties' vote among voters dropped from 60% in 2004 to 57%, which translated into a net loss of 2 seats. The pan-democrats were elected to a total of 23 seats, 19 seats in the directly elected geographical constituencies, and four seats from the functional constituencies. By virtue of having in excess of 1⁄3 of the seats in LegCo, their ability to veto constitutional changes remained intact. The pan-democrats' veto power were crucial for the electoral arrangements for the 2012 elections, which will take place during this Council.[10]
In the backdrop of a deteriorating economy and rising inflation, voters shifted their preferences towards more radical and grass-roots politicians; the electorate's suspicions of collusion between government and big business dealt a blow to the Liberal Party.[16] The Liberal Party suffered double defeat when Selina Chow and chairman James Tien lost their seats in the New Territories West and New Territories East geographical constituencies respectively. Their bid to secure seats in other constituencies also failed. Tien resigned as the Liberal Party's chairman after his defeat, and Chow resigned both her vice-chairmanship and her seat on the Executive Council of Hong Kong.[17] The election of three members of the League of Social Democrats and four trade-unionists to Legco is set to pose a challenge to the government on welfare and livelihood issues.[18]
Share of votes of the parties by polling stations:
 |
 |
 |
| Democratic Party | Civic Party | League of Social Democrats |
 |
 | |
| DAB | FTU |
Before election:
| 26 | 34 |
| Pro-democracy | Pro-Beijing |
Change in composition:
| 23 | 37 |
| Pro-democracy | Pro-Beijing |
| Parties and allegiances | Geographical constituencies | Functional constituencies Seats gained |
Total seats gained | +/− | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Popular vote | % | +/− | Seats gained | ||||||
| Democratic Party | 312,692 | 20.63 | −4.56 | 7 | 1 | 8 | −1 | ||
| Civic Party | 207,000 | 13.66 | N/A | 4 | 1 | 5 | −1 | ||
| League of Social Democrats | 153,390 | 10.10 | N/A | 3 | 0 | 3 | +1 | ||
| Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre | 42,441 | 2.80 | −0.53 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ±0 | ||
| Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions | 42,366 | 2.80 | −1.15 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ±0 | ||
| Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood | 42,211 | 2.79 | −1.43 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ±0 | ||
| The Frontier | 33,205 | 2.19 | −4.7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ±0 | ||
| Civic Act-up | 30,887 | 2.04 | −0.05 | 1 | 0 | 1 | +1 | ||
| Pro-democracy individuals and others | 37,515 | 2.48 | − | 0 | 2 | 2 | − | ||
| Total for pan-democracy camp | 901,707 | 59.50 | −2.43 | 19 (63.33%) |
4 (13.33%) |
23 (38.33%) |
−2 | ||
| Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong | 347,373 | 22.92 | +0.19 | 7 | 3 | 10 | +1 | ||
| Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions | 86,311 | 5.70 | +2.73 | 2 | 2 | 4 | +1 | ||
| Liberal Party | 65,622 | 4.33 | −2.39 | 0 | 7 | 7[19][20] | −3 | ||
| Pro-Beijing individuals and others | 103,162 | 6.81 | − | 2 | 14 | 16 | − | ||
| Total for pro-Beijing camp | 602,468 | 39.75 | +2.46 | 11 (36.67%) |
26 (86.67%) |
37 (61.67%) |
+2 | ||
| Councillors without formal affiliation with any political party | 11,304 | 0.75 | − | 0 | 0 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Invalid votes | 8,770 | 0.58 | |||||||
| Total (turnout 45.20%) | 1,524,249 | 100.00 | ±0 | 30 | 30 | 60 | ±0 | ||
| Source: Hong Kong government | |||||||||
Note: Candidates in 14 functional constituencies were elected uncontested to the Legislative Council. The number of seats for the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions in the geographical constituencies exclude Wong Kwok-hing, Wong Kwok-kin and Pan Pey Chyou, who are also DAB members; figures in parentheses in the pan-democracy and pro-Beijing total percentage exclude all votes of other individuals.
Votes summary
Seat summary
Candidates lists and results
Geographical Constituencies (30 seats)
Voting system: Party-list proportional representation with largest remainder method and Hare quota.
| Results of the Geographical Constituencies | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Hong Kong Island (香港島) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Kowloon West (九龍西) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Kowloon East (九龍東) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| New Territories West (新界西) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| New Territories East (新界東) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Functional Constituencies (30 seats)
Voting systems: Different voting systems apply to different functional constituencies, namely for the Heung Yee Kuk, Agriculture and Fisheries, Insurance and Transport, the preferential elimination system of voting; and for the remaining 24 FCs used the first-past-the-post voting system.[21]
See also
Notes
References
- ↑ Electoral Calendar-international elections world elections
- ↑ Electoral Calendar- world elections,US elections,presidential election,world parties
- ↑ Chris Yeung (20 August 2008). "Lack of policy leaves a battle of personalities". South China Morning Post: op–ed.
- ↑ Albert Cheng (30 August 2008). "Seats of power". South China Morning Post: op–ed.
- ↑ Phyllis Tsang (3 September 2008). "Abode families tell of pressure to cast votes for DAB". South China Morning Post: A3.
- ↑ Press release: 3.37 million electors urged to vote today in Legislative Council Election, Electoral Affairs Commission, 7 September 2008
- ↑ "Introducing the candidates". Hong Kong Election Committee. Retrieved 3 September 2008.
- ↑ 互爭票源勢危 陳偉業李卓人嘆腹背受敵. Ming Pao (in Chinese). 4 September 2008.
- ↑ "Hong Kong Island candidates" (in Chinese). Hong Kong Election Committee. Retrieved 3 September 2008.
- 1 2 3 Chris Yeung, "Beijing's hand in polls is more of a ham fist", South China Morning Post, Page A14 (17 September 2008)
- ↑ "Accounting functional constituency" (in Chinese). Hong Kong Election Committee. Retrieved 3 September 2008.
- ↑ "Architecture, Surveying and City Planning functional constituency" (in Chinese). Hong Kong Election Committee. Retrieved 3 September 2008.
- ↑ Hong Kong people go to polls for 4th term Legislative Council, People's Daily, 7 September 2008
- ↑ 香港第四届立法会选举结果揭晓(名单)_资讯_凤凰网
- ↑ Although Wong Kwok Hing ran under the FTU banner in the elections, he is also a member of the DAB.
- ↑ Christine Loh, "New voices", Insight, South China Morning Post, Page A13, 11 September 2008
- ↑ Ambrose Leung, "Liberals' defeat raises doubt over trade-based seats stance", South China Morning Post, Page A3, 9 September 2008
- ↑ Gary Cheng, "Radicals and unionists to make life tricky for government", South China Morning Post, Page A6, 9 September 2008
- ↑ Ambrose Leung (12 September 2008). "Heung Yee Kuk chairman quits Liberal Party". South China Morning Post.
- ↑ Ambrose Leung (9 October 2008). "And then there were three: Legco Liberals quit over leadership fight". South China Morning Post.
- ↑ "2008 LegCo Election- Facts about the Election". Elections.gov.hk.
External links
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