Horo (cloak)

Oikago, the framework of a horo.

A samurai wearing the horo, a garment used as a defense against arrows.

A horo, opened up flat.

Statue of Maeda Toshiie with a horo. Oyama Shrine (Ishikawa)

A horo (母衣) was a type of cloak or garment attached to the back of the armour worn by samurai on the battlefields of feudal Japan.

Description

A horo was around 1.8 m (6 ft) long and made from several strips of cloth sewn together with a fringe on the top and bottom edges. The cloth strips were sewn together and formed into a sort of bag which would fill with air like a balloon when the wearer was riding a horse.^[1] A light framework of wicker, bamboo or whale bone known as an oikago, similar to a crinoline, which is said to have been invented by Hatakeyama Masanaga during the Ōnin War (1467–1477),^[2] was sometimes used to keep the horo expanded. Attaching the horo generally involved a combination of fastening cords and possibly a staff. The top cords were attached to either the helmet or cuirass of the wearer while the bottom cords were attached to the waist.^[3] The family emblem (mon) of the wearer was marked on the horo.^[1]

Use

Horo were used as far back as the Kamakura period (1185–1333).^[4] When inflated the horo was said to protect the wearer from arrows shot from the side and from behind.^[5]^[6]^[1] Wearing a horo is also said to have marked the wearer as a messenger (tsukai-ban) or person of importance.^[7] According to the Hosokawa Yusai Oboegaki, the diary of Hosokawa Yusai (1534–1610) taking of an elite tsukai-ban messenger's head was a worthy prize. "When taking the head of a horo warrior, wrap it in the silk of the horo. In the case of an ordinary warrior, wrap it in the silk of the sashimono".^[8]

References

Japanese weapons, armour and equipment

Sword construction	Glossary of Japanese swords Horimono Japanese sword mountings Japanese sword polishing Japanese swordsmithing Tameshigiri

Swords	Chokutō Guntō Japanese sword Katana Kodachi Ninjatō Ōdachi Shikomizue Tachi Tsurugi Uchigatana Wakizashi

Knives and daggers	Kabutowari Kaiken Tantō Yoroidōshi

Polearms and spears	Bisento Hoko yari Kamayari Nagamaki Naginata Sasumata Sodegarami Torimono sandōgu Tsukubō Yari

Practice weapons	Bokken Iaitō Shinai Shinken Suburitō Tanren bō

Armour	Auxiliary armours Bōgu Dō Dō-maru Haramaki Japanese armour Kabuto Karuta Kikko Kusari Mempo Ō-yoroi Sangu Tatami

Armour types	Brigandine Lame Lamellar Laminar Mail Plate Plated mail Scale

Clothing	Fundoshi Hakama Kyahan Shitagi Tabi Uwa-obi Waraji

Samurai accoutrements	Abumi Daishō Horo Kaginawa Kate-bukuro Kubi bukuro Kura Uchi-bukuro Yebira

Chain and rope weapons	Chigiriki Kusarigama Kusari-fundo Kyoketsu-shoge Jōhyō

Clubs and truncheons	Hachiwara (club type) Jitte Kanabō Tekkan Tessen

Staff weapons	Bō Hanbō Jō Tambō/Tanbō Yubi-bo

Projectile and throwing weapons	Makibishi Oyumi Shuriken Ya Yumi

Firearms and guns	Bajōzutsu Bo-hiya Tanegashima

Other weapons	Kama Metsubushi Ono Ōtsuchi Shobo Suntetsu

Signal devices	Gunbai Hata-jirushi Horagai Kabura-ya Nobori Saihai Sashimono Uma-jirushi

Users	Ashigaru Edo period police Ninja Rōnin Samurai Sōhei Yamabushi

Japanese armour Japanese martial arts Japanese swords National Treasure swords Samurai weapons and equipment

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