Hosnies Spring

Hosnies Spring formerly Hosnie’s Spring or Hosnies Springs) is a wetland on Christmas Island, an Australian external territory in the eastern Indian Ocean. It has been recognised as being of international importance by designation under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.

History

Hosnies Spring was known earlier but the unique ecosystem was noted in late 1980s. It was incorporated into the Christmas Island National Park in 1989, and listed on 11 December 1990 as Ramsar site 512, one of two such sites on the island and the smallest in the world.^[1] In 2010 a proposal was made to increase the area of the Ramsar site to 202 ha. Justification for its Ramsar designation is because it:^[2]

is an example of a type of unusual wetland unique to Christmas Island;
supports a unique assemblage of flora locally restricted to the one location, and additionally several endemic and vulnerable species;
is of special value for locally restricted species as well as several endemics.

Although some restricted phosphate mining occurs nearby, human activity has had little impact on the site.

Description

The small, 3,300 m² site comprises permanent freshwater streams and seepages emerging from the base of a cliff on an uplifted marine terrace about 24–37 m asl and 120 m inland from the seaward cliff.^[3]

Flora and fauna

The springs form a wetland supporting a unique 120,000-year-old stand of the mangroves Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Bruguiera sexangula.^[3] The stand contains between 300-600 trees, including some of the largest Bruguiera ever recorded, several with trunks of more than 80 cm diameter and with a canopy 30–40 m high. Several species of birds and crabs endemic to the island occur on the site.^[2]

References

Notes

↑ Anon (2005).
1 2 Anon (1998).
1 2 Annotated Ramsar List.

Sources

Anon (29 June 1998). Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands: Hosnie’s Spring. Canberra.
Anon (2005). Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005. Thematic Study on Mangroves: Christmas Island, Country Profile (draft) (PDF). Rome: FAO Forestry Department.
"The Annotated Ramsar List: Australia". The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. 4 January 2000. Retrieved 2 April 2010.

Ramsar sites in Australia

Australian Capital Territory	Ginini Flats

New South Wales	Blue Lake Central Murray Forests Fivebough and Tuckerbil Swamps Gwydir Wetlands Hunter Estuary Wetlands Lake Pinaroo Little Llangothlin Lagoon Macquarie Marshes Myall Lakes Narran Wetlands Paroo Wetlands Towra Point

Northern Territory	Cobourg Peninsula Kakadu National Park

Queensland	Bowling Green Bay Currawinya Lakes Great Sandy Strait Moreton Bay Shoalwater Bay

South Australia	Banrock Station Wetland Complex Bool and Hacks Lagoons Coongie Lakes Coorong and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Wetland Piccaninnie Ponds Riverland

Tasmania	Apslay Marshes Cape Barren Island east coast lagoons Interlaken Lakeside Reserve Jocks Lagoon Lavinia Nature Reserve Little Waterhouse Lake Logan Lagoon Lower Ringarooma River Moulting Lagoon Pittwater–Orielton Lagoon

Victoria	Barmah Forest Corner Inlet Edithvale-Seaford Wetlands Gippsland Lakes Gunbower Forest Hattah-Kulkyne Lakes Kerang Wetlands Lake Albacutya Port Phillip Bay and Bellarine Peninsula Western District Lakes Western Port Bay

Western Australia	Becher Point Wetlands Eighty Mile Beach Forrestdale and Thomsons Lakes Lake Gore Lake Warden System Lakes Argyle and Kununurra Muir-Byenup System Ord River Floodplain Peel-Yalgorup System Roebuck Bay Toolibin Lake Vasse-Wonnerup System

External territories	Ashmore Reef Coral Sea Reserves The Dales (Christmas Island) Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs Hosnies Spring (Christmas Island) Pulu Keeling

Coordinates: 10°28′40″S 105°41′30″E / 10.47778°S 105.69167°E / -10.47778; 105.69167

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