Hushang
Hushang or HÅshang (in Persian: هوشنگ‎‎), older Persian HÅÅ¡ang, was the second ShÄh to rule the world according to Ferdowsi's ShÄhnÄma. Hushang is based upon the legendary figure HaoÅ¡yaÅ‹ha in the ancient Zoroastrian scripture of the Avesta.
Hushang is also called PishdÄd (پیشداد), older PēšdÄd, corresponding to Avestan ParaδÄta.
Etymology
HaoÅ¡yaÅ‹ha is the Avestan development of Proto-Iranian *HauÅ¡yahah, containing the prefix *Hau-, a derived form of *Hu-, "good, well", and an uncertain root Å¡yah-, possibly to be interpreted as "selecting" or "deciding". ÙThe name might then be interpreted "of the good choice".
Haošyaŋha in Zoroastrian literature
HaoÅ¡yaÅ‹ha's original status is uncertain. He may have begun as a demon-defeating hero, or may have been a rival for the title of first man (or first king) with GayÅmart. One trace that may remain of that status is the labelling of the entire early line of kings as "PishdÄdi", after Hushang's name PishdÄd.
Hushang in the ShÄhnÄma
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In the epic poem of the ShÄhnÄma, Hushang was the son of SiyÄmak and grandson of Keyumars. He led the army against the son of Ahriman that avenged the death of SiyÄmak. After the death of Keyumars, Hushang became king of the human race. During Hushang's reign, many new discoveries were made for the comfort of humanity. Hushang discovered iron and the principles of iron-working; the methods of agriculture and irrigation; he learned how to domesticate certain beasts as livestock and for use as draught animals; how to make clothing from the furs of other beasts; and he discovered how to make fire from flint. This happened when Hushang hurled a flint rock to kill a venomous black serpent. Missing the serpent, the rock struck another flint to produce fiery sparks. Hushang learned how to make fire this way, and taught his people; in honor of the discovery, they established the Sadeh festival. After a reign of forty years, he left the kingdom to his son Tahmuras.[1][2][3][4]
References
- ↑ Goodrich, S. C. (1864). A History of All Nations (Digitized Nov 23, 2005 ed.). Original from the University of Michigan.
- ↑ Rosenberg, Donna (1997). "page 116-118". Folklore, Myths, and Legends: A World Perspective. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 536. ISBN 0-8442-5780-X.
- ↑ Reed, Elizabeth Armstrong (1893). "XI". Persian Literature: Ancient and Modern. Original from Harvard University (Digitized Feb 5, 2007 ed.). S. C. Griggs and company. p. 419.
- ↑ Khayyam, Omar; Edward FitzGerald (1900). "The Sha Nameh, pages 50-67". In Translated by Herman Bicknell, James Ross. Persian Literature... Original from the University of Michigan 1. ḤÄfiẓ, SaÊ»dÄ« (revised ed.). page 50-: The Colonial press.
External links
- A king's book of kings: the Shah-nameh of Shah Tahmasp, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Hushang
- Shahbazi, A. Shapur. "HŌŠANG". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
Preceded by Keyumars |
Legendary Kings of the ShÄhnÄma 30-70 (after Keyumars) |
Succeeded by Tahmuras |
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