Hydroxylammonium sulfate

Hydroxylammonium sulfate

Names
Other names Hydroxylamine sulfate
Identifiers
CAS Number	10039-54-0
ChemSpider	23229
EC Number	233-118-8
Jmol interactive 3D	Image
RTECS number	NC5425000
UN number	2865
InChI InChI=1S/2H4NO.H2O4S/c2*1-2;1-5(2,3)4/h2*2H,1H3;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2 Key: VGYYSIDKAKXZEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L InChI=1/2H4NO.H2O4S/c2*1-2;1-5(2,3)4/h2*2H,1H3;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2 Key: VGYYSIDKAKXZEE-NUQVWONBAN
SMILES [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.O[NH3+].O[NH3+]
Properties
Chemical formula	H8N2O6S
Molar mass	164.14 g/mol
Appearance	white crystalline to fine product, slightly hygroscopic
Density	1.88 g/cm^3
Melting point	120 °C (248 °F; 393 K) arose imposes around
Solubility in water	58.7 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Hazards
Safety data sheet	External MSDS
EU classification (DSD)	Explosive (E) Carc. Cat. 3 Toxic (T) Harmful (Xn) Irritant (Xi) Dangerous for the environment (N)
R-phrases	R2, R21/22, R36/38, R40, R43, R48/22, R50
S-phrases	(S2), S36/37, S61
NFPA 704	1 3 2
Related compounds
Other anions	Hydroxylammonium nitrate Hydroxylammonium chloride
Other cations	Ammonium sulfate Hydrazinium sulfate
Related compounds	Hydroxylamine
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Hydroxylammonium sulfate, (NH₃OH)₂SO₄, is the sulfuric acid salt of hydroxylamine. It is primarily used as an easily handled form of hydroxylamine, which is explosive when pure.

Synthesis

Hydroxylammonium sulfate can be obtained by the acid-base reaction of hydroxylamine with sulfuric acid:

2NH₂OH(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → (NH₃OH)₂SO₄(aq)

Applications

Hydroxylammonium sulfate is used in organic synthesis to convert aldehydes and ketones to oximes, carboxylic acids and their derivatives (e.g. esters) to hydroxamic acids, isocyanates to N-hydroxyureas and nitriles to amidoximes. Hydroxylammonium sulfate is also used to generate hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid from oleum or chlorosulfuric acid.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate is used in the production of anti-skinning agents, pharmaceuticals, rubber, textiles, plastics and detergents. It is a radical scavenger that terminates radical polymerization reactions and serves as an antioxidant in natural rubber. (NH₃OH)₂SO₄ is a starting material for some insecticides, herbicides and growth regulators. It is used in photography as a stabiliser for colour developers and as an additive in photographic emulsions in colour film.

Decomposition

At 120 °C, hydroxylammonium sulfate begins to decompose to sulfur trioxide, nitrous oxide, water, and ammonia:

2(NH₃OH)₂SO₄ → 2SO₃ + N₂O + 2NH₃ + 5H₂O

The reaction is exothermic above 138 °C, and is most exothermic at 177 °C.^[1] Metals (especially copper, its alloys and its salts) catalyse the decomposition of hydroxylammonium sulfate. The instability of this compound is mainly due to the hydroxylammonium ion's weak nitrogen to oxygen single bond.

References

1. BASF hydroxylammonium sulfate product page

External links

• International Chemical Safety Card 0898

Salts and the ester of the sulfate ion
H2SO4																	He
Li2SO4	BeSO4											B	(RO)2SO3	(NH4)2SO4 N2H6SO4 (NH3OH)2SO4	O	F	Ne
Na2SO4 NaHSO4	MgSO4											Al2(SO4)3	Si	P	SO4^2−	Cl	Ar
K2SO4 KHSO4	CaSO4	Sc2(SO4)3	Ti(SO4)2 TiOSO4	V2(SO4)3 VOSO4	CrSO4 Cr2(SO4)3	MnSO4	FeSO4 Fe2(SO4)3	CoSO4, Co2(SO4)3	NiSO4	CuSO4	ZnSO4	Ga2(SO4)3	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr
Rb2SO4	SrSO4	Y2(SO4)3	Zr(SO4)2	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	PdSO4	Ag2SO4	CdSO4	In2(SO4)3	SnSO4	Sb2(SO4)3	Te	I	Xe
Cs2SO4	BaSO4		Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg2SO4, HgSO4	Tl2SO4	PbSO4	Bi2(SO4)3	Po	At	Rn
Fr	Ra		Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg	Cn	Uut	Fl	Uup	Lv	Uus	Uuo
		↓
		La	Ce2(SO4)3 Ce(SO4)2	Pr2(SO4)3	Nd	Pm	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb2(SO4)3	Lu
		Ac	Th	Pa	U(SO4)2 UO2SO4	Np	Pu	Am	Cm	Bk	Cf	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lr