Indian Institutes of Technology

chennai
Delhi
Guwahati
Kanpur
Kharagpur
Bombay
Roorkee
Varanasi
Bhubaneswar
Gandhinagar
Hyderabad
Indore
Jodhpur
Mandi
Patna
Ropar
Palakkad
Panjim
Bhilai
Tirupati
Jammu
Dharwad
Dhanbad
Location of IITs. 18 functioning IITs (green). 5 planned IITs (blue)
Indian Institutes of Technology
Type Public university
Location 18 places in India

The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are autonomous public institutes of higher education, located in India. They are governed by the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 which has declared them as institutions of national importance,[1] and lays down their powers, duties, and framework for governance etc.[2][3] The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 lists sixteen institutes located at Chennai, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Mumbai, Roorkee, Bhubaneswar, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, Indore, Jodhpur, Mandi, Patna, Ropar and Varanasi.[4] Each IIT is an autonomous institution, linked to the others through a common IIT Council, which oversees their administration. The Union HRD Minister is the ex-officio Chairperson of IIT Council.[5]

The IITs have a common admission process for undergraduate admissions, called IIT-JEE, which was replaced by Joint Entrance Examination Advanced in 2013. The post-graduate level program that awards M.Tech, MS degrees in engineering is administered by the older IITs (Kharagpur, Bombay, Madras, Kanpur, Delhi, Roorkee, Varanasi, Guwahati). M.Tech and MS admissions are done on the basis of Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE). In addition to B.Tech, M.Tech and MS programs, IITs also award other graduate degrees such as M.Sc in Maths, Physics and Chemistry, MBA, PhD etc. Admission to these programs of IITs is done through Common Admission Test(CAT), Joint Admission Test for Masters (JAM) and Common Entrance Examination for Design (CEED). IIT Guwahati and IIT Bombay offer undergraduate design programmes as well.[6] Joint Seat Allocation Authority 2015 (JoSAA 2015) conducted the joint admission process for a total of 18 IITs, ISM Dhanbad.[7][8][9]

Institutes

The IITs are located in:

IITs and locations, sorted by date of establishment[3][4][10][11]
Serial no Name Short Name Established Campus Size (acres) Director State/UT
1 IIT Kharagpur IITKGP 1950 2100 Partha Pratim ChakrabortyWest Bengal
2 IIT Bombay IITB 1958 550 Prof. Devang V. KhakarMaharashtra
3 IIT Kanpur IITK 1959 1055 Dr. Indranil MannaUttar Pradesh
4 IIT Madras IITM 1959 620 Dr. Bhaskar Ramamurthi Tamil Nadu
5 IIT Delhi IITD 1963‡ (founded in 1961)[12] Prof. R. K. Shevgaonkar Delhi and Haryana
6 IIT Guwahati IITG 1994 704 Gautam BiswasAssam
7 IIT Roorkee IITR 2001‡ (founded in 1847) 365 Pradipta Bannerjee Uttarakhand
8 IIT (BHU) Varanasi IIT(BHU) 2008‡ (founded in 1919) Rajeev Sangal Uttar Pradesh
9 IIT Bhubaneswar IITBBS 2008 Prof. R. V. Raj Kumar Odisha
10 IIT Gandhinagar IITGN 2008 Prof. Sudhir K. Jain Gujarat
11 IIT Hyderabad IITH 2008 Prof. U. B. Desai Telangana
12 IIT Jodhpur IITJ 2008 900 Prof. C. V. R. Murthy Rajasthan
13 IIT Patna IITP 2008 501 Prof. Pushpak Bhattacharya Bihar
14 IIT Ropar IITRPR 2008 545 Sarit Kumar DasPunjab
15 IIT Indore IITI 2009 525 Pradeep MathurMadhya Pradesh
16 IIT Mandi IITMandi 2009 538 Timothy A. Gonsalves Himachal Pradesh
17 IIT Palakkad IITPKD 2015 [13] 500 Kerala
18 IIT Tirupati IITTP 2015 [13] 590 Andhra Pradesh
19 IIT Dhanbad IITDHN 2016‡ (founded in 1926)[14] Prof. D C PanigrahiJharkhand
20 IIT Chhattisgarh, Bhilai (Temporary classes to be held at Raipur) [15] IITC 2016 Session begins in 2016 Chhattisgarh
21 IIT Goa [16] IITGoa 2016 Session begins in 2016 Goa
22 IIT Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir[17] 2016 Session begins in 2016 Jammu and Kashmir
23 IIT Dharwad, Karnataka,[18] 2016 Session begins in 2016 Karnataka

‡ – year converted to IIT

New IITs

In 2014, six new IITs were announced by the government. Further, In the Union budget presented on 28 February 2015, it was announced that an IIT will be set up in Karnataka (at Dharwad); while upgrading of Indian School of Mines (ISM) at Dhanbad, Jharkhand to an IIT was also announced. While some new IITs have started admissions in 2015, other new IITs are expected to commence admissions in 2016.

With the establishment of new IIT's, starting with the year 2006 and ending with 2016, all states of India except Haryana and seven of the eight North Eastern states should have at least one IIT with Uttar Pradesh having two IIT's. Though IIT Delhi has a campus in Sonipat, Haryana. Assam is also the only Northeastern state to have an IIT.

History

The office of the Hijli Detention Camp (photographed September 1951) served as the first academic building of IIT Kharagpur.

The history of the IIT system dates back to 1946 when Sir Jogendra Singh of the Viceroy's Executive Council set up a committee whose task was to consider the creation of Higher Technical Institutions for post-war industrial development in India. The 22-member committee, headed by Nalini Ranjan Sarkar, recommended the establishment of these institutions in various parts of India, with affiliated secondary institutions.

The first Indian Institute of Technology was founded in May 1950 at the site of the Hijli Detention Camp in Kharagpur. Under Abul Kalam Azad's leadership, the first Minister of Education in the Indian government, the first Indian Institute of Technology was estabished in 1951. On 15 September 1956, the Parliament of India passed the Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur) Act, declaring it as an Institute of National Importance. Jawaharlal Nehru, first Prime Minister of India, in the first convocation address of IIT Kharagpur in 1956 said:[19]

“ Here in the place of that Hijli Detention Camp stands the fine monument of India, representing India's urges, India's future in the making. This picture seems to me symbolical of the changes that are coming to India. ”

On the recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, four campuses were established at Bombay (1958), Madras (1959), Kanpur (1959), and Delhi (1961). The location of these campuses was chosen to be scattered throughout India to prevent regional imbalance.[20] The Indian Institutes of Technology Act was amended to reflect the addition of new IITs.[2] Student agitations in the state of Assam made Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi promise the creation of a new IIT in Assam. This led to a sixth campus at Guwahati under the Assam Accord in 1994. The University of Roorkee, India's oldest engineering college, was conferred IIT status in 2001.

IITG estd. 1994

Over the past few years, there have been a number of developments toward establishing new IITs. On 1 October 2003, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee announced plans to create more IITs "by upgrading existing academic institutions that have the necessary promise and potential".[21] Subsequent developments led to the formation of the S K Joshi Committee in November 2003 to guide the selection of the five institutions which would become the five new IITs. Based on the initial recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, it was decided that further IITs should be spread throughout the country. When the government expressed its willingness to correct this regional imbalance, 16 states demanded IITs. Since the S K Joshi Committee prescribed strict guidelines for institutions aspiring to be IITs,[22] only seven colleges were selected for final consideration.[23] Plans are also reported to open IITs outside India, though not enough progress has been made in this regard.[24] Eventually in the 11th Five year plan, eight states were identified for establishment of new IITs, and IT-BHU was converted into an IIT.[25]

Organisational structure

Organisational Structure of IITs

The President of India is the most powerful person in the organisational structure of IITs, being the ex officio Visitor,[26] and having residual powers. Directly under the President is the IIT Council, which comprises the minister-in-charge of technical education in the Union Government, the Chairmen of all IITs, the Directors of all IITs, the Chairman of the University Grants Commission, the Director General of CSIR, the Chairman of IISc, the Director of IISc, three members of Parliament, the Joint Council Secretary of Ministry of Human Resource and Development, and three appointees each of the Union Government, AICTE, and the Visitor.[27]

Under the IIT Council is the Board of Governors of each IIT. Under the Board of Governors is the Director, who is the chief academic and executive officer of the IIT.[28] Under the Director, in the organisational structure, comes the Deputy Director. Under the Director and the Deputy Director, come the Deans, Heads of Departments, Registrar, President of the Students' Council, and Chairman of the Hall Management Committee. The Registrar is the chief administrative officer of the IIT and overviews the day-to-day operations.[28] Below the Heads of Department (HOD) are the faculty members (Professors, Associate Professors, and Assistant Professors). The Wardens come under the Chairman of the Hall Management Committee.[29]

The Institutes of Technology Act

The Institutes of Technology act was later taken as the base for the following years up till date. The Act primarily accepted few IITs as Institutes of National Importance and converted them from 'Societies' to University status.

Education

PK Kelkar Library, IIT Kanpur

The IITs receive comparatively higher grants than other engineering colleges in India.[30] While the total government funding to most other engineering colleges is around Rs. 10–20 crores (USD 2–4 million) per year, the amount varies between Rs. 90 crores –1.3 arab (USD 18–26 million) per year for each IIT.[23] Other sources of funds include student fees and research funding from industry and contributions from the alumni. The faculty-to-student ratio in the IITs is between 1:6 and 1:8.[31] The Standing Committee of IIT Council (SCIC) prescribes the lower limit for faculty-to-student ratio as 1:9, applied department wise. The IITs subsidise undergraduate student fees by approximately 80% and provide scholarships to all Master of Technology students and Research Scholars in order to encourage students for higher studies, per the recommendations of the Thacker Committee (1959–1961).[32] The cost borne by undergraduate students is around Rs. 180,000 per annum.[33] After students from SC and ST categories, physically challenged students will now be the beneficiaries of fee waiver at the IITs in India.

The various IITs function autonomously, and their special status as Institutes of National Importance facilitates the smooth running of IITs, virtually free from both regional as well as student politics. Such autonomy means that IITs can create their own curricula and adapt rapidly to the changes in educational requirements, free from bureaucratic hurdles. The government has no direct control over internal policy decisions of IITs (like faculty recruitment and curricula) but has representation on the IIT Council. The medium of instruction in all IITs is English.[34] The classes are usually held between 7:30 am and 5:30 pm, though there are some variations within each IIT. All the IITs have public libraries for the use of their students. In addition to a collection of prescribed books, the libraries have sections for fiction and other literary genres. The electronic libraries allow students to access on-line journals and periodicals. The IITs and IISc have taken an initiative along with Ministry of Human Resource Development to provide free online videos of actual lectures of different disciplines under National Program on Technology Enhanced Learning. This initiative is undertaken to make quality education accessible to all students.[35] The lectures can be accessed at http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/

The academic policies of each IIT are decided by its Senate. This comprises all professors of the IIT and student representatives. Unlike many western universities that have an elected senate, the IITs have an academic senate. It controls and approves the curriculum, courses, examinations and results, and appoints committees to look into specific academic matters. The teaching, training and research activities of the institute are periodically reviewed by the senate to maintain educational standards.[36] The Director of an IIT is the ex-officio Chairman of the Senate.

Central Library, IIT Roorkee

All the IITs follow the credits system of performance evaluation, with proportional weighting of courses based on their importance. The total marks (usually out of 100) form the basis of grades, with a grade value (out of 10) assigned to a range of marks. Sometimes, relative grading is done considering the overall performance of the whole class. For each semester, the students are graded on a scale of 0 to 10 based on their performance, by taking a weighted average of the grade points from all the courses, with their respective credit points. Each semester evaluation is done independently and then the weighted average over all semesters is used to calculate the cumulative grade point average (known as CGPA or CPI—Cumulative Performance Index).

Undergraduate education

IIT Madras Library

The Bachelor of Technology (BTech) degree is the most common undergraduate degree in the IITs in terms of student enrollment, although dual degrees integrating Master of Science or Master of Arts are also offered. The BTech course is based on a 4-year program with eight semesters,[37] while the Dual Degree and Integrated courses are 5-year programs with ten semesters. In all IITs, the first year of BTech and Dual Degree courses are marked by a common course structure for all the students, though in some IITs, a single department introduction related course is also included.[38] The common courses include the basics from most of the departments like Electronics, Mechanics, Chemistry, Electrical and Physics. At the end of first year (the end of first semester at IIT Madras), an option to change departments is given to meritorious students on the basis of their performance in the first two semesters.[39] Few such changes ultimately take place as the criteria for them are usually strict,[39] limited to the most meritorious students.

From the second year onwards, the students study subjects exclusively from their respective departments.[40] In addition to these, the students have to take compulsory advanced courses from other departments in order to broaden their education. Separate compulsory courses from humanities and social sciences department, and sometimes management courses are also enforced.[41] In the last year of their studies, most of the students are placed into industries and organisations via the placement process of the respective IIT, though some students opt out of this either when going for higher studies or when they take up jobs by applying to the companies directly.[42]

Postgraduate and doctoral education

Master's degrees and postgraduate diplomas

The IITs offer a number of postgraduate programs including Master of Technology (MTech), Master of Business Administration (MBA) (only for engineers and post graduates in science), and Master of Science (MSc). Some IITs offer specialised graduate programmes such as Master of Design (M.Des.), the Post Graduate Diploma in Information Technology (PGDIT), Master in Medical Science and Technology (MMST), Master of City Planning (MCP), Master of Arts (MA), Postgraduate Diploma in Intellectual Property Law (PGDIPL), and the Postgraduate Diploma in Maritime Operation & Management (PGDMOM).

Some of the IITs offer an M.S. (by research) program; the MTech and M.S. are similar to the US universities' non-thesis (course based) and thesis (research based) masters programs respectively. Admissions to masters programs in engineering are made using scores of the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE), while those to masters programs in science are made using scores of the Joint Admission Test to MSc (JAM).

Several IITs have schools of management offering master's degrees in management or business administration.

Bachelors-Masters dual degrees

The IITs also offer an unconventional BTech and MTech integrated educational program called "Dual Degree". It integrates undergraduate and postgraduate studies in selected areas of specialisation. It is completed in five years[43] as against six years in conventional BTech (four years) followed by an MTech (two years).[44] Integrated Master of Science programs are also offered at few IITs which integrates the Undergraduate and Postgraduate studies in Science streams in a single degree program against the conventional University system. These programs were started to allow IITians to complete postgraduate studies from IIT rather than having to go to another institute.

Doctoral degrees

The IITs also offer the Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) as part of their doctoral education programme. In it, the candidates are given a topic of academic interest by the professor or have to work on a consultancy project given by the industries. The duration of the program is usually unspecified and depends on the specific discipline. PhD candidates have to submit a dissertation as well as provide an oral defence for their thesis. Teaching Assistantships (TA) and Research Assistantships (RA) are often provided.

The IITs, along with NITs and IISc, account for nearly 80% of all engineering PhDs in India.[45] IITs now allow admission in PhD programs without the mandatory GATE score.[46][47]

Culture and student life

Mindshift(Swedish rockers) at IIT Dhanbad

All the IITs provide on-campus residential facilities to the students, research scholars and faculty. The students live in hostels (sometimes referred to as halls) throughout their stay in the IIT. Students in all IITs must choose among National Cadet Corps (NCC), National Service Scheme (NSS) and National Sports Organisation (NSO) in their first years.[48] All the IITs have sports grounds for basketball, cricket, football (soccer), hockey, volleyball, lawn tennis, badminton, and athletics; and swimming pools for aquatic events. Usually the hostels also have their own sports grounds. Moreover, an Inter IIT Sports Meet is organized annually where participants from all 16 IITs contest for the General Championship Trophy in 13 different sports.

Technical and cultural festivals

All IITs organise annual technical festivals, typically lasting three or four days. The technical festivals are Shaastra (IIT Madras), Kshitij (IIT Kharagpur), Techfest (IIT Bombay), Cognizance (IIT Roorkee), Concetto (IIT Dhanbad), Nvision (IIT Hyderabad), Amalthea (technical summit)(IIT Gandhinagar), Technex (IIT BHU), Techkriti (IIT Kanpur), Tryst (IIT Delhi), Techniche (IIT Guwahati), Wissenaire (IIT Bhubaneswar), Exodia (IIT Mandi), Fluxus (IIT Indore), Celesta (IIT Patna) and IGNUS (IIT Jodhpur). Most of them are organised in the months of January or March. Techfest (IIT Bombay) is also one of the most popular and largest technical festival in Asia in terms of participants and prize money involved. It has been granted patronage from United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) for providing a platform to students to showcase their talent in science and technology. Shaastra holds the distinction of being the first student-managed event in the world to implement a formal Quality Management System, earning ISO 9001:2000 certification.[49] Kshitij is the largest in terms of Sponsorship amounts and also branded as a techno-management festival due to its emphasis on both technology and management.

Annual cultural festivals are also organised by the IITs and last three to four days. These include Alcheringa (IIT Guwahati), Exodia (IIT Mandi), Saarang (IIT Madras, previously Mardi Gras), Spring Fest (IIT Kharagpur, also known as SF), Rendezvous (IIT Delhi), Srijan (IIT Dhanbad), Tarang (previously Rave) and Thomso (IIT Roorkee), Kashiyatra (IIT BHU, also known as KY), SPANDAN (IIT Rajasthan), Blithchron (IIT Gandhinagar), ELAN (IIT Hyderabad), Alma Fiesta (IIT Bhubaneswar), Mood Indigo (IIT Bombay, also known as Mood-I), Antaragni (IIT Kanpur), Zeitgeist (IIT Ropar) and Anwesha (IIT Patna).

While the largest crowd-puller among all these festivals is Mood Indigo, IIT Bombay, the fastest growing fest among all is Fluxus, IIT Indore.

Enrollment

Average enrollment at IITs at any given time [3][4][10][11]
Serial no Name Academic Staff Undergraduates Graduates Doctoral
1 IIT Kharagpur 470 4500 2500
2 IIT Bombay 565 3400 4600
3 IIT Kanpur 3938 2540
4 IIT Madras 550 4000 4000
5 IIT Delhi 3590 4239
6 IIT Guwahati 260 2567 2609
7 IIT Roorkee 400 4472 2093 1471
8 IIT Bhubaneswar 438 57
9 IIT Gandhinagar
10 IIT Hyderabad
11 IIT Jodhpur
12 IIT Patna 66 439 131
13 IIT Ropar 450 50
14 IIT Indore 465 452
15 IIT Mandi
16 IIT (BHU) Varanasi 265 414[50] 210[50]
17 IIT Palakkad 120 N/A
18 IIT Tirupati 120 N/A
19 IIT Dhanbad 271 3640 2066
20 IIT Chhattisgarh, Bhilai/Raipur [15] Session to begin in 2016
21 IIT Goa [16] Session to begin in 2016
22 IIT Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir[17] Session to begin in 2016
23 IIT Dharwad, Karnataka,[18] Session to begin in 2016
Total 1812 33039 25694 1738
Total Students 60471

Recognition

IITs have a special status as Institutes of National Importance under the Indian Institute of Technology Act, so the degrees provided by IITs need not be recognised by the AICTE.[51] The IIT-JEE (Now known as JEE-Advanced) and GATE are two important factors behind the success of IITs, as it enables the IITs to accept only a select group of meritorious students. This combination of success factors has led to the concept of the IIT Brand.[52] Other factors that have contributed to the success of IITs are stringent faculty recruitment procedures and industry collaboration. The procedure for selection of faculty in IITs is stricter as compared to other colleges offering similar degrees.[53] The PhD degree is a pre-requisite for all regular faculty appointments.

Former IIT students get greater respect from their peers, academia and industry in general.[54] The IIT brand was reaffirmed when the United States House of Representatives passed a resolution honouring Indian Americans and especially graduates of IIT for their contributions to the American society.[55] Similarly, China also recognised the value of IITs and planned to replicate the model.[56]

Educational rankings

Nationwide, most IITs are ranked above any other engineering colleges in India in engineering education rankings. Outlook India's Top Engineering Colleges of 2015 ranked seven IITs in its top 10, including the top six positions.[57] IITs also have one of the lowest acceptance rates amongst similar institutes on the world rankings, with a mere acceptance rate of 2% [58][59]

Worldwide, the only six institutes in India ranked in the top 300 of the QS World University Rankings of 2015 are IISc Bangalore (at 147) and 5 IITs, IIT Delhi at 179, IIT Bombay at 202, IIT Madras at 254, IIT Kanpur at 271 and IIT Kharagpur at 286.[60] The only Institute that was listed in the top 400 by Times Higher Education rankings was IIT Bombay in the 351-400 category. The Times Asia Rankings featured IIT Roorkee, IIT Bombay, IIT Delhi, IIT Kharagpur, and IIT Madras at 55th, 57th, 65th, 69th and 78th respectively.

Infact, some of the 2008 and 2009-set IITs are doing extremely well and have set a new era of Education in the South-East Asia. IIT Indore tops in research quality among newer IITs and recently, students from IIT Indore also ruled over Stanford and other established universities in the world's largest Computing Olympiad - ACM ICPC.[61] Besides IIT Indore, other newer IITs like Hyderabad and Ropar etc. are also doing extremely well.

Criticism

The IITs have faced criticism from within and outside academia. Major concerns include allegations that they encourage brain drain and that their stringent entrance examinations encourage coaching colleges and skew the socio-economic profile of the student body. Recently some prominent IITians have also questioned the quality of teaching and research in IITs.[62][63][64]

Brain drain

Among the criticisms of the IIT system by the media and academia, a common notion is that it encourages brain drain. This trend has been reversed somewhat- (dubbed the reverse brain drain) – as hundreds of IIT graduates, who have pursued further studies in the USA, started returning to India in the 1990s.[65] Additionally, IIT alumni are giving back generously to their parent institutions (examples are Kanwal Rekhi to IIT Bombay, Dr. Prabhakant Sinha to IIT Kharagpur, and many others). Until liberalisation started in early 1990s, India experienced large scale emigration of IITians to developed countries, especially to the United States. Since 1953, nearly twenty-five thousand IITians have settled in the USA.[66] Since the USA benefited from subsidised education in IITs at the cost of Indian taxpayers' money, critics say that subsidising education in IITs is useless. Others support the emigration of graduates, arguing that the capital sent home by the IITians has been a major source of the expansion of foreign exchange reserves for India, which, until the 1990s, had a substantial trade deficit.

The extent of intellectual loss receded substantially over the 1990s and 2000s, with the percentage of students going abroad dropping from as high as 70% at one time to around 30% in 2005.[65] This is largely attributed to the liberalisation of the Indian economy and the opening of previously closed markets. Government initiatives are encouraging IIT students into entrepreneurship programs and are increasing foreign investment. Emerging scientific and manufacturing industries, and outsourcing of technical jobs from North America and Western Europe have created opportunities for aspiring graduates in India. Many undergraduates go abroad to pursue further studies, such as MS, MBA and PhD.

Entrance competition

The highly competitive examination in the form of IIT-JEE has led to establishment of a large number of coaching institutes throughout the country that provide intensive, and specific preparation for the IIT-JEE for substantial fees. It is argued that this favours students from specific regions and richer backgrounds. Some coaching institutes say that they have individually coached nearly 800 successful candidates year after year.[67] According to some estimates, nearly 95% of all students who clear the IIT-JEE had joined coaching classes.[68] Indeed, this was the case regarding preparation for IIT entrance exams even decades ago. In a January 2010 lecture at the Indian Institute of Science, the 2009 Nobel laureate in Chemistry, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan revealed that he failed to get a seat at any of the Indian engineering and medical colleges.[69] He also said that his parents, being old-fashioned, did not believe in coaching classes to prepare for the IIT entrance exam and considered them to be "nonsense".[69]

Not all children are of a similar aptitude level and may be skilled in different paradigms and fields. This has led to criticism of the way the examinations are conducted and the way a student is forced in the Indian community. The IIT-JEE format was restructured in 2006 following these complaints.[70] After the change to the objective pattern of questioning, even the students who initially considered themselves not fit for subjective pattern of IIT-JEE decided to take the examination. Though the restructuring was meant to reduce the dependence of students on coaching classes, it led to an increase in students registering for coaching classes.[71] Some people (mostly IITians) have criticised the changed pattern of the IIT-JEE. Their reasoning is that while IIT-JEE traditionally used to test students understanding of fundamentals and ability to apply them to solve tough unseen problems, the current pattern does not stress much on the application part and might lead to a reduced quality of students.[72]

Another criticism is about the language of the exam. IIT-JEE is conducted only in English and Hindi, making it harder for students where regional languages, like Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Urdu, Oriya, Bengali, Marathi, Assamese or Gujarati, are more prominent. As an example, in September 2011, the Gujarat High Court has acted on a Public Interest Litigation by the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad, for conducting the exams in Gujarati.[73] A second petition was made in October by Navsari's Sayaji Vaibhav Sarvajanik Pustakalaya Trust.[74] Another petition was made at the Madras High Court for conducting the exam in Tamil. In the petition it was claimed that not conducting the exam in the regional languages is in violation of article 14 of the Constitution of India.[75] IIT council has recommended major changes in entrance examination structure which will be effected from 2017 onwards.[76]

Notable alumni

As of 2008, the alumni of IIT number more than 170,000.[77] The IITians are known for their loyalty to their alma mater and many IIT Alumni Associations are active in India and abroad. The IIT alumni either help their alma mater in the form of donations, or by preferential job opportunities extended to students from the IITs. The Vinod Gupta School of Management at IIT Kharagpur and Shailesh J. Mehta School of Management at IIT Bombay are management schools within IITs that have been established largely by alumni donations; these schools were named after their benefactors.

Many IIT's alumni have become entrepreneurs, including

Other alumni have achieved leading positions in corporations, such as:

IIT alumni have also pursued careers in politics; for example:

Many alumni have gained significant recognition:

Many IITians have contributed to innovations in science and technology, such as

See also

References

  1. ↑ "University And Higher Education - Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development". Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  2. 1 2 "The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961" (PDF). Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. 24 May 2005. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
  3. 1 2 3 "IIT Act (As amended till 2012" (PDF). Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 "Problem of plenty: As IITs multiply, the brand value diminishes".
  5. ↑ "IIT Council Portal". Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  6. ↑ "CAT replaces JMET in IIT, IISc". Deccan Chronicle. 27 August 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  7. ↑ "3,200 engineering seats vacant, govt makes Rs 14 crore".
  8. ↑ "JoSAA admission 2015 concludes; No Spot Round this time".
  9. ↑ "Only 591 seats vacant at IITs, ISM Dhanbad".
  10. 1 2 "Gazette Notification of the Bill" (PDF). 29 June 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
  11. 1 2 "Institute History – Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur". IIT Kharagpur. Archived from the original on 20 April 2008. Retrieved 22 October 2008.
  12. ↑ "History of the Institute | Indian Institute of Technology Delhi". www.iitd.ac.in. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  13. 1 2 "JEE Advanced 2015: IIT Bombay announces that 4 new IITs will admit students from this session". Prepsure.com. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  14. ↑ "Govt announces new IIT, IIMs". The Times of India. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  15. 1 2 IndianExpress. "Chhattisgarh to open IIT campus in Bhilai". IndianExpress. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  16. 1 2 "Failure to identify land likely to delay setting up of IIT in Goa". The Times of India. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  17. 1 2 Press Trust of India (23 April 2015). "IIT Jammu to be set up at Chak Bhalwal". Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  18. 1 2 "Dharwad will host first IIT of Karnataka". The Times of India. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  19. ↑ Kharagpur, Indian Institute of Technology (14 May 2006). "Institute History". Archived from the original on 8 July 2006. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
  20. ↑ See "more IIT" in references below. Under "Final selection", third paragraph
  21. ↑ Upadhyaya, Yogesh K (23 March 2005). "The making of new IITs". Rediff.com. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
  22. ↑ Upadhyaya, Yogesh K (18 August 2005). "The march of the new IITs". Rediff.com. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
  23. 1 2 Upadhyaya, Yogesh K (25 May 2005). "New IITs: A long journey ahead". Rediff.com. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
  24. ↑ Times News Network (1 May 2005). "Desi IITs in pardes: conditions apply". Economic Times Online (Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd.). Archived from the original on 2 May 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2006.
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