Kiga language

Kiga
Chiga
Rukiga
Native to	Uganda, Rwanda
Ethnicity	Kiga, Twa
Native speakers	1.6 million (2002 census)[1]
Language family	Niger–Congo Atlantic–Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Bantu Northeast Bantu Great Lakes Bantu Nyoro–Ganda Kiga
Standard forms	Kitara
Language codes
ISO 639-3	cgg
Glottolog	chig1238[2]
Guthrie code	JE.14[3]

Kiga (also called Rukiga, Ruchiga, or Chiga) is the native language of the Kiga people (Bakiga). Kiga is a very similar language to the Nkore language. It was first written in the second half of the 19th century.

Kiga is so similar to Nkore (84%–94% lexical similarity^[4]) that some argue they are dialects of the same language, called Nkore-Kiga by Charles Taylor.^[5]

In common with other Bantu languages, Kiga has a noun class system in which prefixes on nouns mark membership of one of the noun genders. Pronouns, adjectives, and verbs reflect the noun gender of the nominal they refer to. Some examples of noun classes:

• mu – person (singular), e.g. omukiga = inhabitant of Kigezi land
• ru – language, e.g. Rukiga = language of the Kiga
• ba – people, e.g. Bakiga = The Kiga people
• ki – customs or traditions, e.g. kikiga, (sometimes spelled Kichiga), describes religious tradition common to the Kiga people. Sometimes the people are called 'Chiga' by people misunderstanding the linguistic rules in relation to the prefixes.

The sound [l] is not distinctive in Rukiga. The letter "r" is used instead.

See also

• Runyakitara language
• Nkore-Kiga

References

1. Kiga at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Chiga". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
3. Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
4. Lewis, Paul M. (ed.) (2009). "Ethnologue Report for Language Code: nyn". Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, TX: SIL International. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
5. Poletto, Robert E. (1998). Topics in Runyankore Phonology (PDF). Linguistics Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Retrieved Dec 8, 2009.