Gula Iro language

Gula Iro
Native to Chad
Native speakers
(3,500 cited 1991)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 glj
Glottolog gula1265[2]

The Gula Iro language (autonym kùláál) is a Bua language spoken by some 3,500 people (in 1991) north and east of Lake Iro in southern Chad, between the Bola and Salamat rivers. It has four dialects, according to Pairault:

to which Ethnologue adds a fifth, 170 Korintal, spoken in Tieou.[1]

Gula Iro is very closely related to Zan Gula and Bon Gula, but they are not mutually comprehensible.

Sounds

The consonants, in with their orthography, are:

Bilabial Labiodental Apico-dental Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosives p t k
Fricatives f s h
Liquids w l y
Nasal m n ñ ŋ
Trills r

The vowels are: a, e, i, o, u, ɛ, ɩ, ɔ, ʋ. Nasalization (only on a, e, o) and length are both contrastive, and diphthongs can be formed. Tone is phonemic; each vowel must carry high or low tone.

Grammar

Typical word order is subject–verb–object. The basic subject pronouns are: ñó I, you (sg.), á he/she/it, pʋ́ we (exclusive), én we (inclusive), í you (pl.), ʋ́ they.

Bibliography

References

  1. 1 2 Gula Iro at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Gula Iro". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
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