Lyngngam language
| Lyngngam | |
|---|---|
| Lyngam | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Meghalaya, Assam |
Native speakers | 6,000 (1994 – no date)[1] |
|
Austroasiatic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
lyg |
| Glottolog |
lyng1241[2] |
Lyngngam is an Austroasiatic language of Northeast India. Once listed as a dialect of Khasi, Lyngngam has in recent literature been classified as a distinct language which shares a common heritage with Standard Khasi.
Phonology
Consonant inventory
The following table lists the consonants attested in Lyngngam.[3]
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Nasal /m/ /n/ /ɲ/ /ŋ/ Stop voiceless /p/ /t/ /c/ /k/ /ʔ/ aspirated /pʰ/ /tʰ/ /cʰ/ /kʰ/ voiced /b/ /d/ /ɟ/ /ɡ/ Voiceless fricative /s/ /h/ Liquid /l, r/ Glide /w/ /j/
The main difference with the Khasi language is that Lyngngam does not possess the voiced aspirated series. Furthermore, Lyngngam does not have the phoneme /ç/. Words which have /ç/ in Khasi typically have /c/ or /s/ in Lyngngam,[4] as in the following pairs of cognates:
Lyngngam Khasi meaning cʔeŋ çʔeŋ bone cɨppʰeu çipʰeu 10 sɲjək çɲiuʔ hair snaːr çnjaʔ chisel
Vowel inventory
The following table lists the vowel inventory of the language.[3] The only vowels showing a length distinction are /i/ and /ɡ/, in contradistinction to Khasi, where length is distinctive for all vowels.
Words with diphthongs in Khasi have monophthongs in Lyngngam,[4] as in the following pairs of cognates:
Lyngngam Khasi meaning bni bnaːi month ksu ksəu dog mot miet night
References
- ↑ Lyngngam at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
- ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Lyngngam". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- 1 2 Nagaraja 1996, sect. 1
- 1 2 Nagaraja 1996, sect. 2
- Nagaraja, K.S. (1996). "The status of Lyngngam" (PDF). Mon–Khmer Studies 26: 37–50. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
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