Illawarra wisharti
| Illawarra wisharti | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Mygalomorphae |
| Family: | Hexathelidae |
| Genus: | Illawarra |
| Species: | I. wisharti |
| Binomial name | |
| Illawarra wisharti Gray, 2010[1] | |
Illawarra wisharti is a species of spider in the family Hexathelidae, the only species in the genus Illawarra. It is found in New South Wales, Australia.[1] Illawarra wisharti is a member of the subfamily Atracinae, the Australian funnel-web spiders, a number of whose species produce venom that is dangerous to humans.[2]
Description
Mature males have an overall body length of about 15 mm, with the carapace and abdomen being of roughly equal length. The carapace length averages about 8 mm, with a range of 7 to 10 mm. The fourth leg is the longest at about 23 mm in total. Individuals are basically brown, with an obvious pattern of narrow chevrons on the abdomen. Females are of a similar size and overall appearance. They are said to have an "ant-like" smell.[2]
Taxonomy
The genus Illawarra was erected by Michael R. Gray in 2010 for the sole species Illawara wisharti.[1] The genus name Illawarra is based on the Illawarra region where the spider was found. The species name wisharti honours Graeme Wishart, who collected many mygalomorph spiders in that region.[2]
Males of the genus differ from those of other members of the subfamily Atracinae by the presence of a broad row of spines in the middle of the underside (ventral side) of the tarsi of all four legs. Females can be distinguished by the first leg, which lacks spines, has the metatarsus partly fused to the tarsus, and also has enlarged tarsal claws.[2]
Distribution and habitat
Illawarra wisharti has only been found in the Illawarra region of southern New South Wales. It lives in burrows in the ground litter layer or under rocks.[2]
Venom
A study of the peptides in atracine spider venom in 2001 found that Illawarra wisharti venom had a similar profile to that of Atrax robustus,[2] a species known to have caused dangerous envenomation effects in humans. However, I. wisharti is not one of the six atracine species listed as dangerous.[3]
References
- 1 2 3 "Gen. Illawarra 2010", World Spider Catalog (Natural History Museum Bern), retrieved 2016-03-11
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gray, Michael R. (2010), "A revision of the Australian funnel-web spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae)", Records of the Australian Museum 62 (3): 285โ392, doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
- โ Isbister, Geoffrey K. & Fan, Hui Wen (2011), "Spider Bite", The Lancet 378 (9808): 2039โ47, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62230-1, PMID 21762981