Indonesian military ranks
| Indonesian National Armed Forces Tentara Nasional Indonesia | |
|---|---|
|
Insignia of Indonesian National Armed Forces | |
| Founded | 5 October 1945 (as Badan Keamanan Rakyat) |
| Service branches |
 TNI AU (Air Force) |
| Headquarters | Jakarta |
| Manpower | |
| Reaching military age annually | (2008 est.[1]) |
| Active personnel | 476,000 persons |
| Expenditures | |
| Budget | $8.4 billion USD (2013) |
| Percent of GDP | 1.0% (2013) |
The Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) uses a simplified ranking system for the three branches of Indonesian Army, Indonesian Navy and Indonesian Air Force. Most of the ranks are similar with differences for the rank titles of the high-ranking officers. Exception exists, however, in the ranks of the service members of the Indonesian Marine Corps. While Indonesian Marine Corps is a branch of the Navy, the rank titles of the Marine Corps are the same as those of the Army, but it still uses the Navy's style insignia (for lower-ranking enlisted men, blue are replacing the red colour).
As said above, all services maintain the same rank insignia and title, with the main difference for officers are that high-ranking officers use their special titles, while officers below that rank use the similar title but followed by their respective branch/corps abbreviation. For example, an Army colonel with Infantry branch use the title "Kolonel INF.", which "INF" means "Infanteri" or "Infantry"; A Navy colonel with Supply Corps background use the title "Kolonel Laut (S)", in which "S" means "Suplai" or "Supply". Also, an Air Force Colonel with Electronical Engineering Corps background use the title "Kolonel (Lek)", in which "Lek" means "Elektronika" or "Electronics". There are no differences with enlisted personnel's title for Army and Air Force, but the Navy still use the personnel's branch/corps abbreviation behind the title.
High-ranking officers use gold stars as their insignia, middle-rank officers use gold jasmine buds and lower-rank officer use gold bars. High-rank NCOs use wavy bars, NCOs use yellow chevrons, high-rank enlisted men use red chevrons (blue for Navy and Marine Corps) and lower-rank enlisted men use red bars (blue for Navy and Marine Corps).
Rank and Insignia
Tentara Keamanan Rakyat and Tentara Nasional Indonesia before 1957
The following ranks were used at the beginning of the establishment of Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR, People's Security Forces)in 1946, before the current Indonesian National Armed Forces were officially formed. This first rank system, with insignia following Japanese practice, where used until 1957.[2]
The TKR's Ground, Air and Naval Forces, later the Indonesian Army, Air Force, and Navy, used these ranks. (The same Army ranks were also used by the nascent Indonesian Marine Corps.)
| Rank category | Ranks of the TKR Ground Forces (until 1948), Ranks of the Indonesian Army (1949–57) Ranks of the Indonesian Marine Corps (formerly TKR Marine Corps 1945-1948 and later Navy Commando Corps 1948-57) |
Ranks of the TKR Naval Forces (until 1948), Ranks of the Indonesian Navy (1949–57) |
Ranks of the TKR Air Force (until 1948), Ranks of the Indonesian Air Force (1949–57) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Generals, flag officers, air marshals |
Djenderal (General) |
Laksamana I (Admiral) |
Laksamana Udara (Air Marshal) |
| Letnan Djenderal (Lieutenant General) |
Laksamana II (Vice Admiral) |
Laksamana Muda Udara (Air Vice Marshal) | |
| Djenderal Major (Major General) |
Laksamana III (Rear Admiral) |
Komodor Udara (Air Commodore) | |
| Senior officers | Kolonel (Colonel) |
Kolonel Laut (Colonel) |
Komodor Muda Udara (Group Captain) |
| Letnan Kolonel (Lieutenant Colonel) |
Letnan Kolonel Laut (Lieutenant Colonel) |
Opsir Udara I (Wing Commander) | |
| Mayor (Major) |
Mayor Laut (Major) |
Opsir Udara II (Squadron Leader) | |
| Junior officers | Kapten (Captain) |
Kapten Laut (Captain) |
Opsir Udara III (Flight Lieutenant) |
| Letnan I (First Lieutenant) |
Letnan Laut (First Lieutenant) |
Opsir Muda Udara I (Flying Officer) | |
| Letnan II (Second Lieutenant) |
Letnan Muda Laut (Second Lieutenant) |
Opsir Muda Udara II (Pilot Officer) | |
| Non-commissioned officers | Letnan Muda, Pembantu Letnan (Warrant Officer) |
Adjudan (Adjutant) |
Opsir Muda Udara III (Warrant Officer, Master Aircrew) |
| Sersan Major (Sergeant Major) |
Sersan Major (Sergeant Major) |
Sersan Major (Sergeant Major) | |
| Sersan (Sergeant) |
Sersan (Sergeant) |
Sersan (Sergeant) | |
| Enlisted men, ratings |
Kopral (Corporal) |
Kopral (Leading Seaman) |
Kopral (Corporal) |
| Pradjurit I (Private First Class) |
Kelasi I (Able Seaman) |
Pradjurit I (Airman First Class) | |
| Pradjurit II (Private) |
Kelasi II (Seaman) |
Pradjurit II (Airman) |
- Note: Previous spelling used until 1973 was utilised.
TNI 1957-73
The rank system was updated by yet another General Orders on 22 June 1957.[3] The Army and Marines received the Brigadier General rank, the Navy flag officer ranks were replaced by new ones (Admiral, Vice Admiral, Rear Admiral and Commodore replacing Admiral 1st Class, Admiral 2nd Class and Admiral 3rd Class) and the Air Force updated its air marshals' rank system. The ranks remained Army-style in the Army and Navy (including Marines) and army-style ranks were formally introduced into the air force. NCOs and Enlisted ranks and ratings became different per service branch.
- Note: Post-1973 spelling used
| Rank Category | Indonesian Army, Indonesian Marine Corps (Commando Corps till 1973) |
Indonesian Navy | Indonesian Air Force |
|---|---|---|---|
| Generals, flag officers, air marshals |
Jenderal (General) |
Laksamana (Admiral) |
Laksamana Udara (Air Chief Marshal) |
| Letnan Jenderal (Lieutenant General) |
Laksamana Madya (Vice Admiral) |
Laksamana Madya Udara (Air Marshal) | |
| Jenderal Major (Major General) |
Laksamana Muda (Rear Admiral) |
Laksamana Muda Udara (Air Vice Marshal) | |
| Brigadir Jenderal (Brigadier General) |
Komodor (Commodore) |
Komodor Udara (Air Commodore) | |
| Field officers | Kolonel (Colonel) |
Kolonel Laut (Colonel) |
Kolonel Udara (Colonel) |
| Letnan Kolonel (Lieutenant Colonel) |
Letnan Kolonel Laut (Lieutenant Colonel) |
Letnan Kolonel Udara (Lieutenant Colonel) | |
| Mayor (Major) |
Mayor (Major) |
Mayor Udara (Major) | |
| Junior grade officers | Kapten (Captain) |
Kapten (Captain) |
Kapten Udara (Captain) |
| Letnan I (First Lieutenant) |
Letnan (First Lieutenant) |
Letnan Udara I (First Lieutenant) | |
| Letnan II (Second Lieutenant) |
Letnan Muda (Second Lieutenant) |
Letnan Udara II (Second Lieutenant) | |
| Warrant officers and non-commissioned personnel | Pembantu Letnan I (Chief Warrant Officer) |
Pembantu Letnan (Warrant Officer) |
Letnan Muda Udara I (Warrant Officer Class 1) |
| Pembantu Letnan Calon Perwira (Warrant Officer Class 1) | |||
| Pembantu Letnan II (Warrant Officer Class 2) |
Ajudan (Adjutant) |
Letnan Muda Udara II (Warrant Officer Class 2) | |
| Sersan Major (Sergeant Major) |
Sersan Major I (Master Chief Petty Officer) |
Sersan Major Udara (Sergeant Major) | |
| Sersan Mayor II (Senior Chief Petty Officer) | |||
| Sersan Kepala (Staff Sergeant) |
Sersan I (Chief Petty Officer) | Sersan Udara I (Flight Sergeant) | |
| Sersan I (Sergeant First Class) | |||
| Sersan II (Sergeant) |
Sersan II (Petty Officer 1st Class) |
Sersan Udara II (Sergeant) | |
| Enlisted personnel, ratings |
Kopral Kepala (Master Corporal) | Kopral (Petty Officer 2nd Class) |
Kopral Udara I (Corporal) |
| Kopral I (Corporal) | |||
| Kopral II (Lance Corporal) |
Kopral Udara II (Lance Corporal) | ||
| Prajurit Kader (Specialist) |
Kelasi I (Seaman) | Prajurit Udara I (Airman First Class) | |
| Prajurit I (Private First Class) | |||
| Prajurit II (Private) |
Kelasi II (Seaman Apprentice) |
Prajurit Udara II (Airman) | |
| Kelasi III (Seaman Recruit) |
Tentara Nasional Indonesia today
The ranks and rank insignia used today come from the Armed Forces rank regulations of 1990 and 1997, themselves revisions of the first rank regulations published in 1973 to use the current system. The rank insignia were differentiated only by the background color of the shoulder board. All three branches have the same rank titles at the same paygrades, except for the Perwira Tinggi (General Officers, Flag Officers, and Air Officers) and the Tamtama (Lower Rank Enlisted) of the Navy.
| TNI Angkatan Darat (Indonesian Army) |
TNI Angkatan Laut (Indonesian Navy) including Korps Marinir (Indonesian Marine Corps) |
TNI Angkatan Udara (Indonesian Air Force) |
|---|---|---|
| Perwira (Officer) | ||
| Honorary Rank | ||
 Jenderal Besar (General of the Army/Marshal) |
 Laksamana Besar (Admiral of the Fleet) |
 Marsekal Besar (Marshal of the Air Force) |
| Perwira Tinggi (literally 'High Officers') (General Officers, Flag Officers, Air Officers) | ||
 Jenderal (General) |
 Laksamana (Admiral) |
 Marsekal (Air Chief Marshal) |
 Letnan Jenderal (Lieutenant General) |
 Laksamana Madya (Vice Admiral, lit. Middle Admiral) Letnan Jenderal (Lieutenant General)(for Marines) |
 Marsekal Madya (Air Marshal, lit. Middle Marshal) |
 Mayor Jenderal (Major General) |
 Laksamana Muda (Rear Admiral, lit. Young Admiral) Mayor Jenderal (Major General)(for Marines) |
 Marsekal Muda (Air Vice Marshal, lit. Young Marshal) |
 Brigadir Jenderal (Brigadier General) |
 Laksamana Pertama (Commodore, lit. means First Admiral) Brigadir Jenderal (Brigadier General)(for Marines) |
 Marsekal Pertama (Air Commodore, lit. means First Marshal) |
| Perwira Menengah (literally 'Middle-ranked Officers')(Field Officers) | ||
 Kolonel (Colonel) |
 Kolonel (Colonel) |
 Kolonel (Colonel) |
 Letnan Kolonel (Lieutenant Colonel) |
 Letnan Kolonel (Lieutenant Colonel) |
 Letnan Kolonel (Lieutenant Colonel) |
 Mayor (Major) |
 Mayor (Major) |
 Mayor (Major) |
| Perwira Pertama (literally 'First Officers')(Junior Officers) | ||
 Kapten (Captain) |
 Kapten (Captain) |
 Kapten (Captain) |
 Letnan Satu (First Lieutenant, Lieutenant) |
 Letnan Satu (First Lieutenant, Lieutenant) |
 Letnan Satu (First Lieutenant, Lieutenant) |
 Letnan Dua (Second Lieutenant) |
 Letnan Dua (Second Lieutenant) |
 Letnan Dua (Second Lieutenant) |
| Bintara (Non-Commissioned Officer) | ||
| Bintara Tinggi (literally 'High Non-Commissioned Officers')(Warrant Officers) | ||
 Pembantu Letnan Satu (Chief Warrant Officer, lit. First Lieutenant Assistant) |
 Pembantu Letnan Satu (Chief Warrant Officer, lit. First Lieutenant Assistant) |
 Pembantu Letnan Satu (Chief Warrant Officer, lit. First Lieutenant Assistant) |
 Pembantu Letnan Dua (Warrant Officer, lit. Second Lieutenant Assistant) |
 Pembantu Letnan Dua (Warrant Officer, lit. Second Lieutenant Assistant) |
 Pembantu Letnan Dua (Warrant Officer, lit. Second Lieutenant Assistant) |
| Bintara (Non-Commissioned Officers) | ||
 Sersan Mayor (Sergeant Major) |
 Sersan Mayor (Sergeant Major), equivalent with Command Master Chief Petty Officer |
 Sersan Mayor (Sergeant Major) |
 Sersan Kepala (Master Sergeant) |
 Sersan Kepala (Master Sergeant), equivalent with Master Chief Petty Officer |
 Sersan Kepala (Master Sergeant) |
 Sersan Satu (First Sergeant) |
 Sersan Satu (First Sergeant), equivalent with Senior Chief Petty Officer |
 Sersan Satu (First Sergeant) |
 Sersan Dua (Second Sergeant) |
 Sersan Dua (Second Sergeant), equivalent with Chief Petty Officer |
 Sersan Dua (Second Sergeant) |
| Tamtama (Enlisted) | ||
| Tamtama Kepala (Higher-rank Enlisted) | ||
 Kopral Kepala (Master Corporal) |
 Kopral Kepala (Master Seaman Corporal), equivalent with 1st Class Petty Officer |
 Kopral Kepala (Master Corporal) |
 Kopral Satu (Corporal) |
 Kopral Satu (Leading Seaman Corporal), equivalent with 2nd Class Petty Officer |
 Kopral Satu (Corporal) |
 Kopral Dua (Lance Corporal) |
 Kopral Dua (Able Seaman Corporal), equivalent with 3rd Class Petty Officer |
 Kopral Dua (Lance Corporal) |
| Tamtama (Lower rank Enlisted) | ||
 Prajurit Kepala (Master Private) |
 Kelasi Kepala (Seaman) Prajurit Kepala (Master Private)(for Marines) |
 Prajurit Kepala (Master Airman) |
 Prajurit Satu (Private First Class) |
 Kelasi Satu (Seaman Apprentice) Prajurit Satu (Private First Class),(for Marines) |
 Prajurit Satu (Airman First Class) |
 Prajurit Dua (Private) |
 Kelasi Dua (Seaman Recruit) Prajurit Dua (Private)(for Marines) |
 Prajurit Dua (Airman) |
From 1973 to 1990, the rank of Senior warrant officer (Calon Perwira) was used and was the highest rank for all warrant officers during that time. The enlisted ranks then were as follows:
- Army and Marine Corps:
- Kopral Satu (Corporal)
- Kopral Dua (Lance Corporal)
- Prajurit Satu (Private First Class)
- Prajurit Dua (Private)
- Air Force:
- Kopral Satu (Corporal)
- Kopral Dua (Lance Corporal)
- Prajurit Satu (Airman First Class)
- Prajurit Dua (Airman Basic)
- Navy:
- Kopral Satu (Petty Officer 1st Class)
- Kopral Dua (Petty Officer 2nd Class)
- Kelasi Satu (Seaman)
- Kelasi Dua (Seaman Recruit)
References
- ↑ CIA World Factbook Indonesia. Retrieved 25 July 2008
- ↑ Peraturan Pemerintah No.21 Tahun 1949 Tentang Gaji Militer. Lampiran A.
- ↑ Peraturan Pemerintah No.24 Tahun 1957 Tentang Peraturan Pangkat-pangkat Militer dalam Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia. Lampiran A (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1957 Nomor. 65).
External links
- (Indonesian) military rank at official sites of Tentara Nasional Indonesia
- (Indonesian) military rank insignia at official sites of Indonesian Air Force