Interstate 91

Interstate 91
Route information
Length:	290.37 mi[1] (467.31 km)
Major junctions
South end:	I-95 / Conn. Turnpike in New Haven, CT
	I-84 in Hartford, CT I‑90 / Mass Pike near Springfield, MA I‑89 in White River Junction, VT I‑93 near St. Johnsbury, VT
North end:	A-55 at the Canadian Border at Derby Line, VT
Location
States:	Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont
Highway system
Interstate Highway System Main Auxiliary Suffixed Business Routes in Connecticut Interstate U.S. State SSR SR Massachusetts State Highway System Interstate US State State highways in Vermont ← Route 89 CT Route 94 → ← I‑90 MA I‑93 → ← I‑89 VT I‑93 →

Interstate 91 (I-91) is an Interstate Highway in the New England region of the United States. It provides the primary north–south thoroughfare in the western part of New England. The Interstate's southern end is in New Haven, Connecticut^[2] at Interstate 95 and its northern end is at Derby Line, Vermont, a village in the town of Derby, at the Canadian border, where it continues past the Derby Line-Rock Island Border Crossing as Autoroute 55. I-91 is the longest of three Interstate highways whose entire route is located within the New England states, and is also the only primary (two-digit) Interstate Highway in New England to intersect all five of the others that run through the region. The largest cities along its route are Springfield, Massachusetts, Hartford, Connecticut, and New Haven, Connecticut, in order from north to south.

Route description

Lengths

	mi[3][4]	km
CT	58.00	93.34
MA	54.90	88.35
VT	177.43	285.55
Total	290.33	467.24

Interstate 91 is 290 miles (470 km) long and runs nearly straight north and south: 58 miles (93 km) in Connecticut, 55 miles (89 km) in Massachusetts, and 177 miles (285 km) in Vermont. I-91 parallels U.S. Route 5 for all of its length, and many of the exits along I-91 provide direct or indirect access to the older route. Much of the route of Interstate 91 follows the Connecticut River, running from Hartford, Connecticut northward to St. Johnsbury, Vermont.

Beginning of I-91 in New Haven, CT

I-91 has an HOV Lane between Hartford and Windsor, CT

I-91 looking northbound in Brattleboro

Northbound I-91 just north of exit 6 in Rockingham, VT

Southbound I-91 in Wheelock, VT

Connecticut

Interstate 91 is the major north–south transportation corridor for the center of the state. It is the main route between the larger cities of New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield, Massachusetts. As such, it is almost always heavily trafficked (especially during rush hour), and maintains at least three lanes in each direction through Connecticut except for a short portion in Hartford at the interchange with Interstate 84 and in Meriden at the interchange with Route 15. The three cities also serve as Connecticut's control points along its length of the Interstate. Overhead signs in each direction consistently feature one or two of the cities, although very few (if any) conventional highway mileage signs are placed along the Interstate in Connecticut that indicate the remaining distance between the cities.

The highway begins just east of downtown New Haven at the intersection with the Connecticut Turnpike, Interstate 95, and Connecticut Route 34 at the Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge, or Q Bridge as referred to by the locals. At the bottom of the ramp for exit 5, U.S. Route 5 begins at the first of its many interchanges with the freeway. Leaving New Haven, I-91 follows a northeastward trek through the suburbs of North Haven and Wallingford before entering the city of Meriden. In Meriden, about halfway between Hartford and New Haven, I-91 sees an interchange with its first spur route, Interstate 691. I-691 provides a westward link to Interstate 84 and the city of Waterbury. Leaving Meriden, I-91 travels briefly through Middletown before passing through Cromwell, Rocky Hill, and Wethersfield, eventually entering the Hartford city limits. Just south of Hartford, the highway begins to directly parallel the Connecticut River. In Hartford, I-91 meets I-84 before leaving the city limits. I-91 maintains an urban character throughout its distance to Springfield. Halfway between the two cities, exit 40 provides direct access (via Connecticut Route 20) to the Bradley International Airport. I-91 runs through Windsor, Windsor Locks, East Windsor and Enfield (with several exits in each town) before crossing into Massachusetts at milepost 58.

I-91's final exit in Connecticut is exit 49, which offers northbound travelers access to Longmeadow, Massachusetts, after which I-91 enters Massachusetts.

Massachusetts

Interstate 91 travels 55 miles (89 km) through the Pioneer Valley of western Massachusetts paralleling the Connecticut River. I-91 serves as the major transportation corridor through three Massachusetts counties, linking the cities of Springfield, Northampton, and Greenfield. The three cities serve as the control cities listed on guide and mileage signs, along with Brattleboro, Vermont beginning with the first northbound conventional mileage sign (63 miles (101 km)) in Longmeadow.

In Springfield, I-91 intersects with Interstate 291 at exit 8, a 5.44-mile-long (8.75 km) spur going eastbound connecting with the Massachusetts Turnpike, for travelers going either east to Boston or west to Albany, New York.

North of Springfield, I-91 briefly enters Chicopee itself where there is an interchange with the spur of Interstate 391 at exit 12 before turning westward to cross the Connecticut River into West Springfield. I-391 provides direct access to Holyoke center, while I-91 continues on the western side of the river.

Just after the river crossing, exit 14 is a major interchange with the Massachusetts Turnpike (I-90) before entering the city of Holyoke where exit 15 is located. Just after exit 16 U.S. 202, I-91 goes from three lanes to two lanes in each direction to the Vermont state line.

After a short exit-less stretch, I-91 enters Northampton, passing the Northampton Airport and an oxbow lake. The towns of Hadley and Amherst, home to the main campus of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, are accessible from I-91 exits in Northampton via Route 9.

Continuing north, I-91 enters Hatfield, and where it begins its straightest section—nearly six miles (9.7 km) without a bend in the road. Several exits provide access to U.S. Route 5 and Massachusetts Route 10 in Hatfield and Whately before entering Deerfield.

I-91 has two exits in Greenfield. At exit 26, there is a rest area/visitor information center for Franklin County. Exit 28 in Bernardston is the last exit in Massachusetts. Beyond exit 28, I-91 continues for about five miles (8.0 km) more before crossing into Vermont.

The 55-mile (89 km) stretch of I-91 in Massachusetts was the last section that featured motorist-aid call boxes. The call boxes were important as a good part of I-91 in Massachusetts is rural, unlike many other freeways in the state. The call boxes were eventually removed in 2012. Massachusetts is the only state traversed by Interstate 91 where another numbered highway is co-signed onto the Interstate (in this case, US 5, for a one-half mile (800 m) spur near the Springfield-Longmeadow town line and Route 2, for approximately three miles (4.8 km) in Greenfield).

Vermont

I-91 runs along the eastern border of Vermont and serves as a major transportation corridor for eastern Vermont and western New Hampshire. Many exits along Vermont's length of I-91 feature New Hampshire towns on the guide signs (for example, exit 3, which lists Brattleboro and "Keene, NH", as the points of access). I-91 length within Vermont is 177 miles (285 km), and has two lanes in each direction the entire way from the Massachusetts border at Guilford to Derby Line at the Canadian border (nearly two-thirds of I-91's length) with 29 Vermont interchanges. The highway's rural character and long distances between exits in Vermont are in stark contrast to its south, where exits are more frequent and the road carries four lanes of traffic in each direction at some points. The major "control cities" in Vermont are Brattleboro, White River Junction, St. Johnsbury, and Newport. When re-entering northbound I-91 at exit 28 in Derby, the "control city" sign is for Canada. Of these destinations, only Newport is a city, although the other towns are sizable. In general, the road parallels its predecessor, US 5.

I-91 enters Vermont in the town of Guilford. Just before exit 1 in Brattleboro is the Vermont Welcome Center & Rest Area, which has a staffed Tourist Information Center, and has a self-service lottery machine for instant tickets as well as drawing games.

The first three Vermont exits (northbound) serve the town of Brattleboro. At exit 1, northbound Route 5 provides access to stores and a small industrial area before reaching the south end of the town's center, where a bridge crosses the Connecticut River into Hinsdale, New Hampshire via NH Route 119. Exit 2/Route 9 provides access to the western village of the town (West Brattleboro), then continues west to Marlboro, Wilmington and Bennington. Brattleboro's main retail strip is located at and just south of the exit 3 trumpet interchange and traffic circle. Following Vermont Route 9 eastward, one can reach Keene, New Hampshire in 15 miles (24 km).

After exit 3, I-91 heads north to pass through the towns of Dummerston, Putney, Westminster, Rockingham, Springfield, Weathersfield, Windsor, Hartland, and Hartford, home of the village of White River Junction. White River Junction, listed as a control city on mileage signs as far south as Greenfield, Massachusetts, is where I-91 and I-89 meet and provide access to many points in Vermont and New Hampshire, at exit 10.

North of the interchange with I-89, I-91 continues towards St. Johnsbury and passes through the towns of Norwich, Thetford, Fairlee, Bradford, Newbury (with access to the village of Wells River), and Barnet, before coming to its next major intersection. Towns in New Hampshire on the other side of the river can also be easily accessed in this stretch. At exit 19 is the northern terminus of Interstate 93, a major interstate highway in New England, which provides a direct route south through the White Mountains and to almost all major cities in New Hampshire. Just after exit 19, there are three exits for St. Johnsbury, including a major intersection with U.S. Route 2. Along westbound US 2, the capital of Vermont, Montpelier, is eventually reached from I-91, although I-89 provides Montpelier with immediate Interstate access.

Interstate 91 continues northward, now following the Passumpsic River valley. It passes through Vermont's Northeast Kingdom region and the town of Lyndon. Two exits in Lyndon serve the village of Lyndonville and Lyndon State College. After exit 24, I-91 departs Route 5, which it had been closely paralleling since the Massachusetts border. I-91 follows the valley of Miller Run,^{[5][lower-alpha 1]} and there are no convenient services until Barton at exit 25.

The interstate proceeds through Sheffield. Here it reaches the highest point on the road, just north of mile marker 150 on Sheffield Heights, elevation 1,856 feet (566 m).

After leaving the Heights, it enters Orleans County and follows the Barton River valley north with exits in Barton, Orleans, and Derby. Exit 29 is the final U.S. exit on I-91 just after mile marker 177 at Derby Line. Beyond the exit ramp, northbound motorists enter Canada Customs at Stanstead, Quebec and continue into Canada on Autoroute 55 through the Eastern Townships.

As with Connecticut and Massachusetts, US 5 closely parallels Interstate 91 for their entire lengths in Vermont. Indeed, most of the large exit signs on I-91 list US 5 as one of the roads (if not the only road) that can be accessed from the exit, as seen in the exit list below. While paralleling I-91 in Vermont, US 5 is never co-signed onto the freeway, but remains its own two-lane road, except for a portion in White River Junction where it is a 4-lane divided surface arterial.

Traffic and the population of each successive town tend to diminish as the road proceeds northward. Average daily traffic count for 2002 were—Brattleboro (25,600), White River Junction (28,900), St. Johnsbury (10,800), and Derby Line (2,500).^[6]

History

A limited-access highway replacement for U.S. Route 5 was planned at the federal level starting in 1944. A 1953 Massachusetts plan was funded by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, along with spur Interstate 291 (but not Interstate 391). The Vermont section of I-91 was built in stages from 1958 to 1965.^[6] In Massachusetts from Bernardston to Northampton, I-91 follows an abandoned right-of-way of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. To support plans for urban renewal along the "low value" waterfront, the highway crossed the Connecticut River to parallel active NYNHH railroad tracks on the Springfield side of the river, bypassing West Springfield, Massachusetts and Agawam, Massachusetts. Later, this path was perceived as cutting off the city from the river, restricting further commercial development. By 1960, a few miles in Massachusetts were completed, starting from the Connecticut and Vermont borders. Massachusetts construction was completed from 1964 to 1970.^[7]

In the 1970s there were plans to extend I-91 along the Long Island Sound link across from New Haven, Connecticut, to Long Island in New York.^[8] The extension would have continued southward to the southern shore of the island perhaps along the route of the current William Floyd Parkway in central Suffolk County. It would also provide easier access to New York City via the Long Island Expressway, as well as to The Hamptons via Sunrise Highway (New York State Route 27).^[9] The various proposals for a bridge were dropped after a 1979 study of the concept.^[10]

Vermont completed its last sections of I-91 in 1978.^[11]

After the September 11 attacks, there has been a seldom-manned temporary border patrol checkpoint near White River Junction, VT that is about 100 miles (160 km) from the US-Canada border.^[12]

Starting in the 1990s, several rest areas were downgraded in Vermont, increasing distances between facilities. In 2008, Vermont closed the Springfield-Rockingham rest areas because of suspected use by drug abusers. In 2009, the northbound rest area in Hartford was closed, creating a 90-mile (145 km) gap in on-highway facilities. At the present time, there exist 2 intermediate rest areas with facilities in each direction, in addition to a welcome center at each end of the state. Several parking areas remain open.^[13]

In 2005, the Massachusetts Highway Department completed a rebuild of on- and off-ramps in Springfield, to reduce accidents caused by weaving near the tightly spaced exits.^[7]

In the early 1990s after the Interstate 284 project was canceled, The Exit 44 interchange in East Windsor, Connecticut was altered as it was designed to be part of the freeway. After alters, Exit 44 connected to Route 5 for all traffic to get on and off. As a result, Exit 43 was shut down and closed in that same time frame. Exit 43 was a northbound exit/southbound entrance on State Route 510/Main Street in East Windsor, which was about 2/10ths of a mile away from exit 44.

Future

Route 9 interchange

A major rebuild of the interchange with Route 9 in Northampton is in the planning phases, as of September 2015.^[14]

Impact on Springfield's planned riverfront development

In 2008, Springfield's urban planners contracted UMass Amherst's School of Urban Design to research I-91's effects on Springfield, after receiving complaints from Springfielders about I-91's inhibiting residents' access to Springfield's riverfront, and access to the Basketball Hall of Fame. By 2011, Amherst had produced several dozen critiques denoting that I-91's current route, height, and development beneath and around the highway are inhibiting the development of the city's greatest potential economic and recreational resources, the Connecticut River, the riverfront, and the Basketball Hall of Fame—and also limiting the interaction between these entities and the Metro Center.^[15][16]

During its construction in the 1960s, Interstate 91 sliced through three Springfield neighborhoods: the North End, Metro Center, and the South End. Widely regarded as positive progress at the time, by 2011, Springfield's portion of I-91 was perceived as disrupting the urban fabric of each riverfront neighborhood, while in effect amputating everything east of the highway—the majority of the city—from the Connecticut River, the Connecticut River Walk Park, and the Basketball Hall of Fame. However, Interstate 91 was erected without tunnels, footbridges, and other paths leading to the riverfront, and thus continues to pose logistical problems for people getting to the riverfront, which in turn poses problems for businesses that would like to set up along Springfield's riverfront. The placement of I-91 has left Springfield's riverfront virtually undeveloped aside from the sliver of land surrounding the Basketball Hall of Fame, an international tourist destination, which, under different circumstances, might have more commercial and residential development.^[17]

As of 2011, academic and civic studies are still underway. Preliminary findings indicate that I-91's placement negatively impacts tourism in Springfield's Metro Center—the site of many of Springfield's historic, cultural, and entertainment venues. Springfield's most popular tourist attraction, the riverfront Basketball Hall of Fame, is separated from Metro Center by a 20 feet (6.1 m) stone wall, buttressing an elevated portion of the 6-lane Interstate 91, and greatly discouraging travel between the two areas.^[15][16]

Initially, in the 1950s and early 1960s, Interstate 91 was planned to be routed through West Springfield, Massachusetts, down the avenue now known as Riverdale Road—with numerous bridges to be built to accommodate traffic into the City of Springfield. Indeed, Riverdale Road is the original four-lane highway built to accommodate the traffic of Interstate 91. (I-91 has since widened to six lanes.) ^[18] In the 1960s, after Springfield learned that its longtime rival, and current business partner in the Knowledge Corridor initiative, the City of Hartford, would use its riverfront to host Interstate 91, Springfield civic leaders petitioned for the I-91 highway to be moved to the east side of the river to cut through the city, rather than employ a series of bridges, as was originally planned. At that time of initial construction, the Connecticut River was polluted and, to many, it seemed that its best days were long behind it. Construction plans were hastily drawn up and executed, and thus construction began on the I-91 highway. On its completion, although its daily usage far surpassed predictions, I-91 never catalyzed significant growth in Springfield, as was the original hope.

Academic suggestions that involve the demolition of the current highway and moving it to a less obtrusive site in the city have been proposed, including the demolition of the highway and following the original path suggested, Riverdale Road, and, least obtrusive but still requiring a great deal of work, a plan to construct numerous walkways beneath the elevated highway to better integrate the neighborhoods with the waterfront despite the highway's presence.^[15][16]

In 2010, the Urban Land Institute made recommendations for how Springfield might reconnect with its riverfront, suggesting the most cost-effective but also the most development-limiting strategy (constructing pathways beneath I-91). No decision has been reached regarding those recommendations.^[19]

I-91 looking north in downtown Hartford at the I-84 interchange. The Bulkeley Bridge is visible to the right.

Exit list

All interchanges in Massachusetts will be renumbered to milepost-based numbers under a project scheduled to start in 2016.^[20]

State	County	Location[3][21]	mi[3][4][22]	km	Exit[23]	Destinations	Notes
Connecticut	New Haven	New Haven	0.00	0.00	—	I-95 / Conn. Turnpike – New York City, New London	Exit 48 on I-95
			0.23	0.37	1	Route 34 west – Downtown New Haven	Southbound junction only
			0.64	1.03	2	Hamilton Street	No northbound exit from I-95 north
			0.99– 1.02	1.59– 1.64	3	Trumbull Street
			1.30	2.09	4	State Street	Southbound exit only (via Humphrey Street)
			1.37	2.20	5	US 5 (State Street) – Fair Haven	Northbound exit only
			1.44	2.32	6	US 5 / Willow Street / Blatchley Avenue	Left exit northbound; US 5 only appears on southbound signage
			2.15	3.46	7	Ferry Street – Fair Haven	Southbound exit and northbound entrance
					Quinnipiac River
			2.68– 3.01	4.31– 4.84	8	Route 17 (Middletown Avenue) / Route 80 – North Branford
		North Haven	4.63– 4.79	7.45– 7.71	9	Montowese Avenue (SR 715)
			6.26– 6.78	10.07– 10.91	10	Route 40 – Hamden, Cheshire, Mount Carmel	Also serves Quinnipiac University
			7.56	12.17	11	Route 22 – North Haven	Northbound exit and southbound entrance
			8.63– 8.79	13.89– 14.15	12	US 5 (Washington Avenue)
		Wallingford	10.83– 11.08	17.43– 17.83	13	US 5 – Wallingford, North Haven	Via SR 702; left exit northbound
			12.13	19.52	14	Route 150 (Woodhouse Avenue) – Wallingford	Northbound signage
			13.40	21.57		Route 150 / East Center Street (SR 738) – Wallingford	Southbound signage
			15.71– 16.19	25.28– 26.06	15	Route 68 – Yalesville, Durham
		Meriden	18.71	30.11	16	East Main Street	Southbound exit from Exit 17
			18.87	30.37	17	Route 15 north (Berlin Turnpike) to I-691 / Route 66	Northbound signage
			19.74	31.77		Route 15 south (Wilbur Cross Parkway) / East Main Street	Southbound signage
			19.99	32.17	18	Route 66 east – Middlefield, Middletown	Northbound signage
			20.27	32.62		I-691 west – Meriden, Waterbury	Southbound signage
			20.97	33.75	19	Baldwin Avenue / Preston Avenue	Southbound exit and northbound entrance
	Middlesex	Middletown	22.95– 23.40	36.93– 37.66	20	Country Club Road / Middle Street
		Cromwell	25.78– 26.08	41.49– 41.97	21	Route 372 – Cromwell, Berlin
			26.92– 27.86	43.32– 44.84	22	Route 9 – New Britain, Middletown, Old Saybrook	Signed as Exits 22N (north) and 22S (south); Exist 22S southbound is left exit
	Hartford	Rocky Hill	29.05– 29.57	46.75– 47.59	23	Route 3 – Rocky Hill	Via West Street (SSR 411)
			31.66– 31.72	50.95– 51.05	24	Route 99 – Wethersfield, Rocky Hill
		Wethersfield	33.47– 33.88	53.86– 54.52	25	Route 3 north – Glastonbury	Northbound signage
					25N	Route 3 north – Glastonbury	Southbound signage
					25S	Route 3 south – Wethersfield
			34.26	55.14	26	Old Wethersfield	Northbound exit is part of Exit 25
		Hartford	36.53	58.79	27	Brainard Road / Airport Road (SR 530) – Brainard Airport	No northbound entrance
			35.87	57.73	28	US 5 / Route 15 south (Berlin Turnpike) – Wethersfield, Newington	Left entrance northbound
			36.82	59.26	29	US 5 / Route 15 north to I-84 east – East Hartford, Boston	Northbound exit and southbound left entrance
			37.57– 37.96	60.46– 61.09	29A	Capitol Area	Via Whitehead Highway (SR 598); left exit and entrance northbound
			38.45	61.88	30	I-84 east / Route 2 – East Hartford, New London	Southbound left exit and northbound entrance
			38.45	61.88	31	State Street	No northbound exit
			38.81	62.46	32A–B	32A: I-84 west – Waterbury 32B: Trumbull Street	Left exit northbound; no entrance from Trumbull Street
			39.55	63.65	Southern end of HOV lanes
					–	Liebert Road	Southbound left exit only
			39.60– 40.05	63.73– 64.45	33	Jennings Road
		Windsor	40.98– 41.25	65.95– 66.39	34	Route 159 (Windsor Avenue / North Main Street)
			41.63– 42.46	67.00– 68.33	35A–B	35A: I-291 east – South Windsor, Manchester, Bissell Bridge 35B: Route 218 – Windsor, Bloomfield	Exit 2 on I-291
					—	Route 218 – Windsor	Northbound left exit and southbound left entrance only
			43.32– 43.80	69.72– 70.49	36	Route 178 (Park Avenue) – Bloomfield
			44.29– 44.75	71.28– 72.02	37	Route 305 (Bloomfield Avenue) – Windsor Center	HOV: Northbound left exit and southbound left entrance only
			46.03– 46.45	74.08– 74.75	38	Route 75 / Day Hill Road – Poquonock, Windsor	Signed as Exits 38A (Route 75) and 38B (Day Hill Road) southbound HOV: Northbound left exit and southbound left entrance only
			47.19	75.94	Northern end of HOV lanes
			47.22	75.99	39 & 41	Kennedy Road to Center Street	Northbound exit and southbound entrance
			47.81– 48.43	76.94– 77.94	40	Route 20 – Bradley International Airport
		Windsor Locks	48.89	78.68	41 & 39	Center Street	Southbound exit only
			48.97– 49.49	78.81– 79.65	42	To Route 159 – Windsor Locks
		Connecticut River	49.58	79.79	Dexter Coffin Bridge
		East Windsor	50.21– 50.78	80.81– 81.72	44	US 5 south – East Windsor
			50.96– 51.19	82.01– 82.38	45	Route 140 – Warehouse Point, Ellington
		Enfield	52.82– 53.00	85.01– 85.30	46	US 5 (King Street)
			55.34	89.06	47E	Route 190 east – Hazardville, Somers
					47W	Route 190 west – Suffield
			55.94– 56.26	90.03– 90.54	48	Route 220 (Elm Street) – Thompsonville
			57.47– 57.92	92.49– 93.21	49	US 5 (Enfield Street) – Longmeadow, MA
			58.00 0.000	93.34 0.000	Connecticut–Massachusetts state line
Massachusetts	Hampden	Springfield	3.836	6.173	1	US 5 south – Forest Park, Longmeadow	Southbound exit and northbound entrance Southern end of concurrency with US 5
			3.694	5.945	2	Route 83 south – Forest Park, East Longmeadow	No southbound exit
			4.142	6.666	3	US 5 north to Route 57 (Columbus Avenue) – West Springfield, Agawam	Northern end of concurrency with US 5
			4.722	7.599	4	Route 83 south (Main Street) – East Longmeadow	Southbound exit only
			4.568	7.351	5	Broad Street	Northbound exit only
			5.253	8.454	6	Springfield Center (northbound) Union Street (southbound)	Old Exit 5 merged with Exit 6
			5.989	9.638	7	Hall of Fame Avenue – Downtown Springfield	Southbound exit only
			6.295	10.131	8	I‑291 / US 20 east to I‑90 / Mass Pike east	I-90 only appears on northbound signage; Exit 1 on I-291
			6.677	10.746	9	US 20 west / Route 20A east – West Springfield, Westfield	No southbound exit No southbound entrance from US 20A
			7.172	11.542	10	Main Street – Chicopee, North Springfield	Northbound exit and entrance only
			7.481	12.040	11	US 20 west (Birnie Avenue) – West Springfield	Southbound exit and entrance only
		Chicopee	8.289	13.340	12	I‑391 north – Chicopee, Holyoke	Exit 1 on I-391
		Chicopee–West Springfield	8.643	13.910	Connecticut River
		West Springfield	9.177	14.769	13A	US 5 north (Riverdale Street)
			9.184	14.780	13B	US 5 south – West Springfield
			11.547	18.583	14	I‑90 / Mass Pike – Boston, Albany, NY	Exit 4 on I-90
		Holyoke	12.396	19.949	15	Lower Westfield Road – Ingleside
			14.218	22.882	16	US 202 – Holyoke, South Hadley, Westfield
			15.188	24.443	17	Route 141 – Holyoke, Easthampton	Signed as Exit 17A (east) and Exit 17B (west) northbound
	Hampshire	Northampton	22.816	36.719	18	US 5 – Northampton, Easthampton
			24.760	39.847	19	Route 9 – Northampton, Amherst	Northbound exit and southbound entrance
			26.016	41.869	20	US 5 / Route 9 / Route 10 – Northampton, Hadley	Southbound exit and northbound entrance
			27.277	43.898	21	US 5 / Route 10 – Hatfield, Whately
		Hatfield	29.938	48.181	22	US 5 / Route 10 – North Hatfield, Whately	Northbound exit and southbound entrance
	Franklin	Whately	32.309	51.996	23	US 5 / Route 10 – Whately, North Hatfield	Southbound exit and northbound entrance
			34.709	55.859	24	US 5 / Route 10 – Deerfield, Whately	No northbound entrance
		Deerfield	35.891	57.761	25	Route 116 – Deerfield, Conway	Southbound exit and northbound entrance
		Greenfield	43.011	69.219	26	Route 2 west / Route 2A east – Greenfield Center, North Adams	Southern end of concurrency with Route 2
			45.752	73.631	27	Route 2 east – Boston	Northern end of concurrency with Route 2; left exit southbound
		Bernardston	50.360	81.047	28	Route 10 – Bernardston, Northfield	Signed as Exit 28A (north) and Exit 28B (south) northbound
			54.90 0.000	88.35 0.000	Massachusetts–Vermont state line
Vermont	Windham	Brattleboro	7.480	12.038	1	US 5 to VT 142 – Brattleboro, Guilford	Also serves Vernon and Hinsdale, NH
			9.095	14.637	2	VT 9 west – Brattleboro, Bennington	Also serves Manchester via VT 30, Marlboro College, and Wilmington
			11.550	18.588	3	US 5 / VT 9 east – Brattleboro, Keene, NH	Also serves World Learning SIT Graduate Institute
		Dummerston–Putney	17.952	28.891	4	US 5 – Putney
		Town of Westminster	28.610	46.043	5	To US 5 / VT 123 / VT 121 – Westminster, Bellows Falls, Walpole, NH
		Rockingham	35.200	56.649	6	US 5 / VT 103 – Rockingham, Rutland, Bellows Falls	Also serves Chester and Ludlow
	Windsor	Springfield	41.690	67.094	7	US 5 / VT 11 / VT 106 – Springfield	Also serves Charlestown, NH and the Fort at Number 4
		Weathersfield	51.370	82.672	8	VT 131 / US 5 / VT 12 – Ascutney, Windsor	Also serves Ludlow and Claremont, NH
		Hartland	60.450	97.285	9	US 5 / VT 12 – Hartland, Windsor
		Hartford	69.810	112.348	10	I‑89 – Lebanon Municipal Airport, New Hampshire, Barre, Montpelier	Signed as Exits 10S (south) and 10N (north)
			70.200	112.976	11	US 5 – White River Junction
			72.010	115.889	12	To US 5 – Wilder, White River Junction
		Norwich	74.830	120.427	13	US 5 / VT 10A – Norwich, Hanover, NH	Also serves Montshire Museum of Science
	Orange	Thetford	84.210	135.523	14	VT 113 to US 5 – Thetford	Also serves Chelsea and Lyme, NH
		Fairlee	91.540	147.319	15	US 5 – Fairlee, Orford, NH	Also serves Lake Morey and Lake Fairlee
		Bradford	97.630	157.120	16	VT 25 to US 5 – Bradford, Barre	Also serves Newbury and Piermont
		Town of Newbury	110.340	177.575	17	US 302 to US 5 – Wells River, Woodsville, NH	Also serves South Ryegate and Groton
	Caledonia	Barnet	120.450	193.845	18	To US 5 – Barnet, Peacham	Also serves West Barnet, Monroe NH, McIndoe Falls, and East Ryegate
		Waterford–St. Johnsbury	128.250	206.398	19	I‑93 south – Littleton, NH
		St. Johnsbury	128.890	207.428	20	US 5 – St. Johnsbury, Passumpsic
			130.600	210.180	21	US 2 – St. Johnsbury, Montpelier	Also serves Danville and Hardwick
			132.550	213.319	22	To US 5 – St. Johnsbury
		Lyndon	137.110	220.657	23	US 5 to VT 114 – Lyndonville, East Burke	Also serves Lyndon State College
			140.178	225.595	24	VT 122 to US 5 / VT 114 – Sheffield, Burke, Lyndonville	Also serves Caledonia County Airport
	Orleans	Barton	155.950	250.977	25	VT 16 to US 5 – Barton, Glover	Also serves Hardwick and Crystal Lake
		Barton–Orleans–Irasburg	161.410	259.764	26	US 5 / VT 58 – Orleans, Irasburg	Also serves Lake Willoughby and Jay
		Derby	170.060	273.685	27	VT 191 to US 5 / VT 105 – Newport	Also serves Lake Memphremagog
			172.400	277.451	28	US 5 / VT 105 – Newport, Derby Center	Also serves Seymour Lake and Lake Memphremagog
		Derby Line–Derby	177.269	285.287	29	To US 5 – Derby Line
		Derby Line	177.432	285.549	—	A-55 north – Stanstead	Continuation into Quebec
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Concurrency terminus       HOV only       Incomplete access       Tolled

See also

• Connecticut portal
• Massachusetts portal
• U.S. Roads portal
• Vermont portal

Notes

1. Miller Run feeds southeast into the Passumpsic River.

References

1. Federal Highway Administration (October 31, 2002). "Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October 31, 2002". Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved March 28, 2007.
2. Google (June 8, 2009). "New Haven, CT" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved June 8, 2009.
3. Massachusetts Department of Transportation Planning Division (2012). "Route Selection Page". Massachusetts Route Log Application. Massachusetts Department of Transportation. I-91 NB. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
4. Policy, Planning and Intermodal Development Division Traffic Research Unit (May 2013). 2012 (Route Log) AADTs for State Highways (PDF). Montpelier: Vermont Agency of Transportation. pp. 4–5. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
5. Van Diver, Bradford B. (1987). Roadside Geology. Mountain Press Publishing Company.
6. "Interstate I-91". Interstate Guide. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
7. Anderson, Steve (n.d.). "Interstate 91 Massachusetts: Historic Overview". The Roads of Metro Boston. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
8. Madden, Steve. "Spanning the Sound". Newsday. Archived from the original on July 10, 2004. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
9. Anderson, Steve (n.d.). "Shorham–New Haven Bridge". NYCRoads.com. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
10. Stannard, Charles (May 14, 2002). "The Bridge That Never Was: Cable Flap Brings To Mind Sound-Crossing Controversy". Hartford Courant. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
11. Division for Historic Preservation (n.d.). "Vermont History Timeline". HistoricVermont.org. Vermont Agency of Commerce and Community Development. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
12. American Civil Liberties Union of Vermont (n.d.). "Border Patrol Stops". American Civil Liberties Union of Vermont. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
13. "Drugs, Sex Force Rest Stop Closure". Rutland Herald. Associated Press. December 10, 2008. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
14. Massachusetts Department of Transportation Highway Division (2015). "I-91 Interchange 19". Massachusetts Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
15. Ahronian, David M.; Ashton, Kelly R.; Bassett, Erin G.; Cohen, Maxwell A.; Czulak, Victor J.; Dunbar, Gregory S.; Farragher, Brendan T.; Gorman, Jonathan L.; Guy, Peter L., II; Iles, Timothy J.; Inthasorn, Piyawut; Johnson, Travis A.; Koch, Jonathan; Kronewitter, Justin J.; Livingston, Zachary B.; Morano, Matthew; Mulvehill, Brian; Murphy, Kevin C.; O'Connell, Sean P.; Stephens, Peter W., Jr.; Tourigny, Christopher; White, Bryce P. & Young, Timothy E. (2009). "Making Connections: Envisioning Springfield's North End". Landscape Architecture & Regional Planning Graduate Research and Creative Activity (University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Department of Landscape Architecture & Regional Planning). Paper 4. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
16. Inthasorn, Piyawut (2010). "Landscape Urbanism for the Highway City of Springfield North End". Landscape Architecture & Regional Planning Honors Projects (University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Department of Landscape Architecture & Regional Planning). Paper 1. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
17. The Republican Editorials (February 26, 2010). "Editorial: Tapping Potential of Springfield's Riverfront". MassLive. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
18. Kurumi (November 29, 2014). "Connecticut I-91". Connecticut Roads. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
19. Office of Planning and Economic Development (2008). "River's Landing Project". City of Springfield, MA. Archived from the original on July 3, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
20. Commonwealth of Massachusetts (2015). "COMMBUYS - Bid Solicitation FAP# HSIP-002S(874) Exit Signage Conversion to Milepost-Based Numbering System along Various Interstates, Routes and the Lowell Connector". Retrieved January 5, 2016.
21. Division of Policy, Planning and Intermodal Development. "General Highway Maps". Vermont Agency of Transportation. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
    • Town of Brattleboro, Windham County (June 10, 2015)
    • Urban Compact of Brattleboro – West Brattleboro, Windham County (June 16, 2015)
    • Town of Dummerston, Windham County (June 10, 2015)
    • Town of Putney, Windham County (June 10, 2015)
    • Town of Westminster, Windham County (June 22, 2015)
    • Town of Rockingham, Windham County (June 18, 2015)
    • Town of Springfield, Windsor County (June 18, 2015)
    • Town of Weathersfield, Windsor County (June 11, 2015)
    • Town of Hartland, Windsor County (June 18, 2015)
    • Town of Hartford, Windsor County (June 19, 2015)
    • Town of Norwich, Windsor County (June 18, 2015)
    • Town of Thetford, Orange County (June 11, 2015)
    • Town of Fairlee, Orange County (June 18, 2015)
    • Town of Bradford, Orange County (June 11, 2015)
    • Town of Newbury, Orange County (June 11, 2015)
    • Town of Barnet, Caledonia County (June 19, 2015)
    • Town of Waterford, Caledonia County (June 18, 2015)
    • Town of St. Johnsbury, Caledonia County (June 18, 2015)
    • Town of Lyndon, Caledonia County (June 18, 2015)
    • Town of Barton, Orleans County (June 18, 2015)
    • Village of Orleans, Orleans County (June 18, 2015)
    • Town of Irasburg, Orleans County (June 18, 2015)
    • Town of Derby, Orleans County (June 16, 2015)
    • Village of Derby Line, Orleans County (June 17, 2015)
22. Connecticut Department of Transportation Bureau of Policy and Planning Data Inventory and Statewide Coordination Division of Systems Information (December 31, 2014). Highway Log: Connecticut State Numbered Routes And Roads as of December 31, 2014 (PDF). Hartford: Connecticut Department of Transportation. pp. 163–172. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
23. Massachusetts Department of Transportation (2014). "Exit Numbers and Names: Route I-91 (Longmeadow to Bernardston)". Massachusetts Department of Transportation. Retrieved August 22, 2014.

External links

Route map: Bing / Google

• I-91 historical overview from bostonroads.com
• Mass. I-91 Current and Future Exit Numbers List