Irbit

"Irbit Urban Okrug" redirects here. For the adjacent urban okrug also named after Irbit, see Irbitskoye Urban Okrug.
Irbit (English)
Ирбит (Russian)
-  Town[1]  -

Location of Sverdlovsk Oblast in Russia
Irbit
Location of Irbit in Sverdlovsk Oblast
Coordinates: 57°40′N 63°04′E / 57.667°N 63.067°E / 57.667; 63.067Coordinates: 57°40′N 63°04′E / 57.667°N 63.067°E / 57.667; 63.067
Coat of arms
Administrative status (as of 2011)
Country Russia
Federal subject Sverdlovsk Oblast[1]
Administratively subordinated to Town of Irbit[2]
Administrative center of Irbitsky District,[1] Town of Irbit
Municipal status (as of June 2009)
Urban okrug Irbit Urban Okrug[3]
Administrative center of Irbit Urban Okrug
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 38,357 inhabitants[4]
Time zone YEKT (UTC+05:00)[5]
Founded 1631[6]
Town status since 1775
Previous names Irbeyevskaya Sloboda (until 1662)
Postal code(s)[7] 623850
Dialing code(s) +7 34355
Irbit on Wikimedia Commons

Irbit (Russian: Ирби́т[8]) is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located 203 kilometers (126 mi) from Yekaterinburg by train or 250 kilometers (160 mi) by car, on the right bank of the Nitsa River. Population: 38,357 (2010 Census);[4] 43,318 (2002 Census);[9] 51,708 (1989 Census).[10]

History

Founded in 1631 as Irbeyevskaya Sloboda (Ирбе́евская слобода́),[6] its name was changed in 1662 to Irbit. It was granted official town status by Catherine the Great in 1775 for the town's loyalty to the Empress during the Pugachev uprising of 1773–1774. In 1776, she awarded the town its official crest.

In the 19th century, the Irbit Fair was an important event for the trade in Siberian fur and Chinese tea.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of the administrative divisions, Irbit serves as the administrative center of Irbitsky District,[1] even though it is not a part of it.[2] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Town of Irbit[2]—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[11] As a municipal division, the Town of Irbit is incorporated as Irbit Urban Okrug.[3]

Economy

After World War II, various branches of industry, such as engineering, manufacturing of construction materials, pharmaceutical, light, and food-manufacturing industries developed rapidly. During the war a motorcycle-manufacturing plant was moved here from Moscow. For more than fifty years, over three million motorcycles had been produced here. The factory now produces only two thousand motorcycles a year, most of which are for export. In the Soviet times, however, hundreds of thousands were produced. Today it produces different types of motorcycles and spare parts for them, specializing in heavy motorcycles with sidecars.

Irbit dairy plant is the largest milk-processing plant in the Urals. In 2004, it processed 66,000 tons of milk. Irbit bakery plant manufactures different types of breads and batons, cakes, croutons, toasts. Irbit chemico-pharmaceutical plant produces drugs, chemical substances, fluids for chemical industry.

Natural resources

Water resources are represented by the Nitsa and Irbit Rivers. Mineral resources include diatomaceous earth and glass-making sand deposits.

Transportation

The town is crossed by the long distance railway Yekaterinburg–Tavda–Ustye-Akha and by road traffic routes, directed to Kamyshlov, Artyomovsk, Turinsk, and Tyumen.

Culture

The Irbit State Museum of Fine Art contains some important works including etchings by famous European artists. At the moment the museum is the only one in Russia specializing in engravings. In its collection there are engravings by Italian, Dutch, Flemish, German, French, English, Spanish, Swiss, Austrian, Polish, Bulgarian, Belgian, and North American artists. The collection includes works from Albrecht Dürer to Francisco Goya. Russian art is represented by the works of A. F. Zubova, I. A. Sokolova, E. P. Chemesova, Mikhail Dobuzhinsky, Alexander Deyneka, and many others. The domestic collection represents the artists of Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Tagil.

There is also a 200-year-old theater in the town.

Although Irbit no longer attracts as many visitors as it once did, the Irbit State Motorcycle Museum is being built in the town with the intention of bringing foreign motorcycle enthusiasts to the IMZ-Ural motorcycle factory. Each summer thousands of motorcycle enthusiasts come to Irbit from around the world to take part in the Irbit bike show and in the Motocross races.

A public park is located in the northern part of the town.

Education

There are several educational institutions in Irbit. Affiliates of the Ural State Technical University and the Institute of Commerce and Law provide higher education. Motorcycle training college and Agricultural training college, Medical and Pedagogical training schools are facilities of professional education. There are also ten secondary schools and seventeen pre-school institutions.

Notable people

The following people were born in Irbit:

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 65 218», в ред. изменения №259/2014 от 12 декабря 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 65 218, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
  2. 1 2 3 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 65 432», в ред. изменения №259/2014 от 12 декабря 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 65 432, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
  3. 1 2 Law #85-OZ
  4. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  5. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  6. 1 2 Geographical names of the Urals: Short Toponymic Dictionary (Матвеев А. К. Географические названия Урала: Краткий топонимический словарь. Свердловск, 1987)
  7. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  8. ↑ Stress is given per the Dictionary of modern geographical names, entry on Irbit (Словарь современных географических названий / Под общ. ред. акад. В. М. Котлякова. — Электронное издание. — Екатеринбург: У-Фактория, 2006).
  9. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  10. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  11. ↑ Law #30-OZ

Sources

External links

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