Isotopes of vanadium

Naturally occurring vanadium (V) is composed of one stable isotope ⁵¹V and one radioactive isotope ⁵⁰V with a half-life of 1.5×10¹⁷ years. 24 artificial radioisotopes have been characterized (in the range of mass number between 40 and 65) with the most stable being ⁴⁹V with a half-life of 330 days, and ⁴⁸V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, the majority of them below 10 seconds, the least stable being ⁴²V with a half-life shorter than 55 nanoseconds, with all of the isotopes lighter than it, and none of the heavier, have unknown half-lives. In 4 isotopes, metastable excited states were found (including 2 metastable states for ⁶⁰V), which adds up to 5 meta states.

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope ⁵¹V is electron capture. The next most common mode is beta decay. The primary decay products before ⁵¹V are element 22 (titanium) isotopes and the primary products after are element 24 (chromium) isotopes.

Relative atomic mass: 50.9415(1)

Table

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life[n 1]	decay mode(s)[1][n 2]	daughter isotope(s)[n 3]	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
	excitation energy
^40V	23	17	40.01109(54)#		p	^39Ti	2−#
^41V	23	18	40.99978(22)#		p	^40Ti	7/2−#
^42V	23	19	41.99123(21)#	<55 ns	p	^41Ti	2−#
^43V	23	20	42.98065(25)#	80# ms	β^+	^43Ti	7/2−#
^44V	23	21	43.97411(13)	111(7) ms	β^+ (>99.9%)	^44Ti	(2+)
					β^−, α (<.1%)	^40Ca
^44mV	270(100)# keV			150(3) ms	β^+	^44Ti	(6+)
^45V	23	22	44.965776(18)	547(6) ms	β^+	^45Ti	7/2−
^46V	23	23	45.9602005(11)	422.50(11) ms	β^+	^46Ti	0+
^46mV	801.46(10) keV			1.02(7) ms	IT	^46V	3+
^47V	23	24	46.9549089(9)	32.6(3) min	β^+	^47Ti	3/2−
^48V	23	25	47.9522537(27)	15.9735(25) d	β^+	^48Ti	4+
^49V	23	26	48.9485161(12)	329(3) d	EC	^49Ti	7/2−
^50V[n 4]	23	27	49.9471585(11)	1.4(4)×10^17 y	β^+ (83%)	^50Ti	6+	0.00250(4)	0.002487–0.002502
					β^− (17%)	^50Cr
^51V	23	28	50.9439595(11)	Stable			7/2−	0.99750(4)	0.997498–0.997513
^52V	23	29	51.9447755(11)	3.743(5) min	β^−	^52Cr	3+
^53V	23	30	52.944338(3)	1.60(4) min	β^−	^53Cr	7/2−
^54V	23	31	53.946440(16)	49.8(5) s	β^−	^54Cr	3+
^54mV	108(3) keV			900(500) ns			(5+)
^55V	23	32	54.94723(11)	6.54(15) s	β^−	^55Cr	(7/2−)#
^56V	23	33	55.95053(22)	216(4) ms	β^− (>99.9%)	^56Cr	(1+)
					β^−, n	^55Cr
^57V	23	34	56.95256(25)	0.35(1) s	β^− (>99.9%)	^57Cr	(3/2−)
					β^−, n (<.1%)	^56Cr
^58V	23	35	57.95683(27)	191(8) ms	β^− (>99.9%)	^58Cr	3+#
					β^−, n (<.1%)	^57Cr
^59V	23	36	58.96021(33)	75(7) ms	β^− (>99.9%)	^59Cr	7/2−#
					β^−, n (<.1%)	^58Cr
^60V	23	37	59.96503(51)	122(18) ms	β^− (>99.9%)	^60Cr	3+#
					β^−, n (<.1%)	^59Cr
^60m1V	0(150)# keV			40(15) ms			1+#
^60m2V	101(1) keV			>400 ns
^61V	23	38	60.96848(43)#	47.0(12) ms	β^−	^61Cr	7/2−#
^62V	23	39	61.97378(54)#	33.5(20) ms	β^−	^62Cr	3+#
^63V	23	40	62.97755(64)#	17(3) ms	β^−	^63Cr	(7/2−)#
^64V	23	41	63.98347(75)#	10# ms [>300 ns]
^65V	23	42	64.98792(86)#	10# ms			5/2−#

1. Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
2. Abbreviations:
   EC: Electron capture
   IT: Isomeric transition
3. Bold for stable isotopes
4. Primordial radionuclide

Notes

• Geologically exceptional samples are known in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in the atomic mass may exceed the stated value for such specimens.
• Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
• Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
• Nuclide masses are given by IUPAP Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants (SUNAMCO)
• Isotope abundances are given by IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

References

1. "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. (registration required (help)).

• Isotope masses from:
  • G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
• Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • J. R. de Laeter; J. K. Böhlke; P. De Bièvre; H. Hidaka; H. S. Peiser; K. J. R. Rosman; P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
  • M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
  • G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
  • National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
  • N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
• History of discovery: A. Shore, A. Fritsch, M. Heim, A. Schuh, M. Thoennessen. Discovery of the Vanadium Isotopes. arXiv:0907.1994 (2009).