James Packer

For the Anglican theologian, see J. I. Packer.
James Packer
Born James Douglas Packer
(1967-09-08) 8 September 1967
Residence
Nationality Australian
Education Cranbrook School, Sydney
Occupation

Former executive chairman of Publishing and Broadcasting Limited (PBL) and Consolidated Media Holdings

Executive Chairman Crown Resorts
Net worth US$3.5 billion (January 2016)
Spouse(s)
Children 3
Parent(s)
Relatives

James Douglas Packer (born 8 September 1967)[1] is an Australian businessman, investor, and philanthropist.

Packer is the son of the late media mogul Kerry Packer and grandson of Sir Frank Packer. He inherited control of the family company, Consolidated Press Holdings Limited, which controls investments in Crown Resorts, RatPac-Dune Entertainment, Zhoapin Pty Ltd and other companies.[2] He is the former executive chairman of Publishing and Broadcasting Limited (PBL) and Consolidated Media Holdings, which predominantly owned media interests across a range of platforms.

In May 2015, the BRW magazine assessed Packer's net worth at A$6.08 billion, ranked as the seventh richest Australian;[3] having been the richest person in Australia during 2006 and 2007.[4] Meanwhile, Forbes Asia magazine assessed Packer's net worth at US$4.7 billion in January 2015, as the fourth richest Australian.[5]

Early life and education

Packer is the son of Roslyn (née Weedon) and the late media mogul Kerry Francis Bullmore Packer, and grandson of media proprietor Frank Packer.

Packer was educated at Cranbrook School in Bellevue Hill, Sydney. After obtaining the Higher School Certificate (HSC) at Cranbrook, he began working at his father's extensive Newcastle Waters cattle station in the Barkly Tableland of the Northern Territory, where he worked as a jackeroo.[6] Packer has stated he did not attend university as he "didn't have the marks".[7]

His mentors, he has said, include his father and Albert J. Dunlap.[8]

Career

Packer is chairperson of Crown Limited, one of Australia's largest entertainment and integrated resort groups. In October 2013, Crown's market capitalisation was over A$11 billion. Every year Crown's Australian resorts attract over 25 million visits.[9] Crown also holds a 33.7 equity interest in Macau based gaming group Melco-Crown (MCE).[10]

In Macau, MCE has two premium properties, City of Dreams and Altira Macau, it operates the Mocha Clubs, and has a 60% equity interest in Macau Studio City, and integrated resort project on Cotai.[11] In the Philippines, MCE, through its 69.3% owned subsidiary, Melco Crown (Philippines) Resort Corporation, has an interest in a consortium that will develop and operate an integrated resort in Manila.[12]

Early internet investments

Following the dotcom crash of 2000-2001, Packer acquired stakes in the online classified sites SEEK and CarSales, believing that newspaper companies relying heavily on classified advertising were vulnerable to online companies in categories including employment and vehicle listings.[13]:15

Packer purchased a 25 per cent stake in SEEK for A$33 million in August 2003. He sold most of his stake six years later for A$440 million.[13]:53[13]:242 At Packer's urging, the magazine group then controlled by his family, Australian Consolidated Press, acquired a 41 per cent stake in online advertiser carsales in October 2005.[13]:101 The deal, initially valued at A$100 million, was eventually worth A$462 million to Packer-controlled entities.[14]

Selling Channel Nine

In March 2006, Packer began discussing whether to sell Channel Nine and the Australian Consolidated Press magazine group to help fund his move into the international gaming and tourism business. Given changes in media due to the Internet and pay-TV, Packer was concerned about the future of free-to-air television.[13]:140:150 On 17 October 2006, Packer's team finalised a deal to sell 50 per cent of the media assets - which also included a 50 per cent stake in web portal ninemsn and a 51 per cent stake in Carsales - to private equity group CVC Asia Pacific for A$4.5 billion, plus an additional billion dollars in equity in the new company, which would be called PBL Media.[13]:213

In June 2007, Packer sold another 25 per cent share of the joint-venture PBL Media to CVC for $515 million. In October 2008, Packer wrote down his final 25 per cent stake in PBL Media to zero.[13]:222 By the end of 2012, debt from CVC's acquisition had overwhelmed Channel Nine and US hedge funds ousted CVC, taking 100 per cent ownership.[15]

One.Tel

Main article: One.Tel

Packer was a director of Australian Telecommunications company One.Tel, which was declared insolvent during May 2001. The collapse of One.Tel cost PBL A$327 million. Packer admitted at a PBL Annual General Meeting that he had learned "painful lessons" from the collapse of One.Tel. Later at the liquidator's inquiry over the collapse he denied that he was apologising for his own personal conduct; instead he claimed, "I was making an apology for accepting the bona fides of Mr. Rich and a Mr. Heaney, and the executive directors of One.Tel."

In April 2014, Lachlan Murdoch and Packer agreed to a A$40 million settlement over the One.Tel failure. The settlement was approved by the Supreme Court of New South Wales on 17 April 2014, with A$14.93 million to be paid by the Packer family's Consolidated Press Holdings, A$11.77 million to be paid by Packer's Crown Resorts and A$13.3 million to be paid by News Corp.[16]

2010s

Crown Resorts

Since his father's death, Packer has moved away from the family's traditional media businesses, and focused on creating a worldwide gambling empire, Crown. Crown is one of Australia's largest entertainment and resort groups. It has businesses and investments in the integrated resort and entertainment sectors in Australia and Macau, and wholly owns and operates a high-end casino in London, Crown Aspinall's.[17] In October 2013, Crown's market capitalization was over $11 billion. Crown's two Australian resorts, Crown Melbourne and Crown Perth, feature over 2,300 hotel rooms, VIP villas, gaming areas, resort pools, luxury spas, signature restaurants and retail, convention centres and live entertainment venues. Every year Crown's Australian resorts attract over 25 million visits.[9] Over one third of Crown's revenue in fiscal 2013 was estimated to be generated from international visitors. The majority of this revenue is from Asian customers.[18] Crown announced investment of over A$2.7 billion between fiscal 2009 and fiscal 2016, to upgrade and open new attractions at its Australian resorts.[19]

In 2009 Crown lost US$250 million in failed casino investment company in the US, Fontainebleau Resorts. Crown also paid US$242 million for a stake in Station Casinos which is now considered almost worthless.[20] Packer has successfully added further gaming assets in Macau, in partnership with Lawrence Ho, the son of Dr. Stanley Ho, through the SEHK and NASDAQ-listed Melco Crown Entertainment (MCE).[21][22]

As at 30 June 2013, Crown held a 33.7 equity interest in MCE.[10] Crown's initial investment in Melco Crown Entertainment was US$600 million, the market cap of Crown's investment as at 30 October 2013, was US$6.2 billion.[23] At Crown's annual meeting in October 2013 Packer said "Crown's investment through our partnership with Melco International Development has now grown to be one of the largest Australian joint-venture partnerships operating inside China”.[23]

In Macau, MCE has two premium properties, City of Dreams and Altira Macau, it operates the Mocha Clubs, and has a 60% equity interest in Macau Studio City, and integrated resort project on Cotai.[11] In the Philippines, MCE, through its 69.3% owned subsidiary, Melco Crown (Philippines) Resort Corporation, has an interest in a consortium that will develop and operate an integrated resort in Manila.[12]

In 2011, Packer's ASX-listed Crown Limited acquired a 100% interest in the prestigious Aspinall's Club in London, developed through a joint venture between Crown and Packer's family friend, Damian Aspinall,[24] the son of John Aspinall. Crown has since rebranded Aspinall's Club to Crown Aspinall's.[25]

Together with Damian Aspinall, Packer's Crown Resorts holds a 50% equity interest in a group of casino complexes in Great Britain called Aspers,[26] which operate four regional casinos in the United Kingdom, in Newcastle upon Tyne, Stratford, East London, Milton Keynes and Northampton.[26] Packer's bid for a UK "supercasino" based in Cardiff fell through when only one licence was granted to the northern city of Manchester.[27] PBL also owns 50% of the online gambling company Betfair.

Other business activities

Packer purchased an 18% stake in Network Ten in 2010, quickly offloading half to Lachlan Murdoch. Three months later after a dispute with Murdoch over a senior management appointment Packer resigned his Network Ten board seat. There was also speculation that Packer resigned due to a conflict of interest with his interests in Consolidated Media Holdings.[28]

In late May 2011 Packer made a reported A$80 million investment in daily deals sites Scoopon and Catch of the Day through a partnership between his Consolidated Press Holding and several other investors, including Andrew Bassat, a co-founder of Seek.com.au.[29]

In December 2012, Packer and producer-filmmaker Brett Ratner formed a joint venture, RatPac Entertainment. The firm will produce independent films and co-produce big-budget films with a major studio.[30] RatPac and Dune Entertainment formed a film investment vehicle, which in September 2013, entered a multi-year, 75-film co-financing partnership with Warner Bros.[31]

The first film financed by RatPac was a major success. Gravity, a space thriller directed by Alfonso Cuaron and starring Sandra Bullock and George Clooney, generated the strongest ever October opening in the US and took box office receipts of more than US$100 million in its first five days.[32] "We all know it (producing movies) is a high-risk business and when your first movie starts like this all you can say is 'thank you', Packer said.[32]

In October 2014, Packer bought out Peter Holmes à Court's 37.5% share of the ownership of South Sydney Rabbitohs NRL club, becoming Russell Crowe's partner in the venture.[33]

In December 2014, James Packer signed a deal with Matthew Tripp, which gained Packer control over Tripp's online betting platform – BetEasy.[34]

Wealth

Packer first appeared on various wealth lists in 2006, following the death of his father the previous year and the intergeneration transfer of the bulk of Kerry Packer's wealth to his son, James. James Packer's wealth was valued at A$7.25 billion in 2007, however due to poor investment decisions and falling profits, a television report on 21 June 2007 revealed that Packer had lost in excess of A$1 billion over the previous six months. As a result, the 2008 BRW Rich 200 listed Packer as the third richest person in Australia with a personal wealth of A$6.1 billion, behind Fortescue Metals Group chief executive Andrew Forrest and Westfield Group's Frank Lowy. That was the first time in 21 years that a member of the Packer family had not topped the list.[35] According to BRW, Packer's wealth dipped to an estimated A$3 billion during 2009.[36] In its 2013 BRW Rich 200 list, Packer was ranked third with his wealth estimated at A$6.0 billion, a boost of A$1.1 billion on the previous year. In the 2014 wealth rankings by BRW, Packer's wealth was assessed at A$7.19 billion, making him the third richest Australian.[37][38] In 2015 BRW Rich 200, Packer's net worth was assessed at A$6.08 billion, making him the seventh richest Australian.[3]

On 18 January 2009, The Sunday Telegraph reported that due to ongoing financial problems, Packer's wealth dropped to under A$3 billion; also reporting that Packer listed for sale his Mangusta yacht and delayed the purchase of a Boeing Business jet.[39] Yet by mid-2010, it was reported that Packer owned a number of assets including Ellerston Z (a superyacht), Arctic P (a luxury cruise ship and former ice-breaker), a private jet, a 12-seater Sikorsky S-76 helicopter, and a variety of cars including an Aston Martin DB9 coupe.[40]

As of January 2016, Forbes magazine estimated Packer's wealth at US$3.5 billion,[41] down from the US$6.60 billion published by Forbes in their 2014 list of the richest people in Australia.[42] In 2015 Forbes list of the 50 Richest Australians, Packer's net worth was assessed at US$4.7 billion, making him the fourth-richest Australian.[5]

Wealth rankings

Year BRW
Rich 200		 Forbes
Australia's 40 Richest
Rank Net worth (AUD) Rank Net worth (USD)
2006[43] 1 Increase $7.10 billion Increase 1 Increase $5.20 billion Increase
2007[44][45] 1 Increase $7.25 billion Increase 1 Steady $5.50 billion Increase
2008[35][46] 3 Decrease $6.10 billion Decrease 3 Decrease $5.30 billion Decrease
2009[36][47] 6 Decrease $3.00 billion Decrease 1 Increase $3.10 billion Decrease
2010[48][49] 6 Steady $4.10 billion Increase 3 Decrease $3.50 billion Increase
2011[50][51] 8 Decrease $4.16 billion Increase 3 Steady $4.40 billion Increase
2012[52][53] 6 Steady $5.21 billion Increase 4 Decrease $4.50 billion Increase
2013[54][55] 3 Increase $6.00 billion Increase 3 Increase $6.00 billion Increase
2014[37][42] 3 Steady $7.19 billion Increase 3 Steady $6.60 billion Increase
2015[3][5] 7 Decrease $6.08 billion Decrease 4 Decrease $4.70 billion Decrease
Legend
Icon Description
Steady Has not changed from the previous year
Increase Has increased from the previous year
Decrease Has decreased from the previous year

Personal life

Packer owns residential property in Bondi Beach and in Bellevue Hill, in Sydney's eastern suburbs.[56][57] The Packer family also have pastoral property holdings in Scone, called Ellerston Station.[57]

On 23 October 1999, he married model Jodhi Meares at Packer's home at Bellevue Hill, Sydney.[58] They separated in June 2002.[59]

In 2002, following the breakdown of his first marriage, and the development of a friendship with Tom Cruise,[60] Packer began attending the Church of Scientology in Australia, taking courses on the Church's Dundas business centre.[61] He subsequently confirmed his involvement with Scientology, saying he had found it "helpful".[62] He later distanced himself from the church.[63]

Packer later married model and singer Erica Baxter,[64] whom he wed in the equivalent of a civil ceremony on 20 June 2007 after dating on and off for four years. The wedding was at the Antibes town hall, and the second ceremony took place at Hotel du Cap – Eden Roc in Cap d'Antibes on the French Riviera.[65][66] Together, Packer and Baxter have 3 children: daughter Indigo, born 27 July 2008,[67] son Jackson Lloyd, born 1 February 2010,[68] and daughter Emmanuelle Sheelah, born 22 September 2012.[69] In September 2013 James and Erica Packer announced they were separating.[70] The two either were amicably divorced by the end of the year[41][71] or their divorce still was not finalized as of January 2016[72] (sources differ).

Packer was involved in a public physical brawl at Bondi Beach in 2014 with David Gyngell, a long-term friend and head of Channel Nine. The fight caused considerable, embarrassing publicity to both parties.[73][74][75][76]

On 21 January 2016, Packer and American singer Mariah Carey became engaged.[77]

Philanthropy

Packer and his family have contributed significantly to the wider Australian community through the family foundation, the Packer Family Foundation Board, which is chaired by his sister Gretel. He also is a major contributor through his majority-holding in Crown Resorts, which he chairs. Crown has its own foundation, the Crown Resorts Foundation, which provides funds to the arts, community welfare, education, health care and the environment. In July 2014 Packer launched a new initiative, the National Philanthropic Fund, to which his family foundation, and the Crown foundation would each contribute $100 million over 10 years to support community projects in Australia.[78]

In July 2014, Packer announced the launch of the National Philanthropic Fund, funded jointly between himself and Crown Resorts, to support education, arts and other projects.

References

  1. ↑ Griffen-Foley, Bridget (18 November 2009). "Who Wants to Be a Billionaire? The James Packer Story". Australia: (book review) The Sydney Morning Herald'. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  2. ↑ "ASIC Free Company Name Search". National Names Index. Australian Securities & Investments Commission.
  3. 1 2 3 "2014 BRW Rich 200: James Packer". BRW (Sydney). May 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  4. ↑ Chappell, Trevor (28 May 2008). "Alan Bond makes BRW rich list comeback". news.com.au (Australia). AAP. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  5. 1 2 3 "Gina Rinehart Retains Top Spot On Forbes Australia Rich List". Forbes Asia (Singapore). 29 January 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  6. ↑ Guilliatt, Richard (5 May 2003). "Shadow on the son". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  7. ↑ "12/10/2009: Program Transcript". Four Corners. ABC.
  8. ↑ Tippet, Gary (29 December 2005). "Apprentice emerges to become master of an empire". The Age. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
  9. 1 2 Crown Limited. "Crown Limited Annual Report 2012, (page 10 and page 14)" (PDF).
  10. 1 2 "Crown Limited's Financial Year 2013 Results Presentation, slide 11" (PDF).
  11. 1 2 "Background: Melco Crown Entertainment: Your Winning Hand". Melco Crown Entertainment. 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  12. 1 2 "Our businesses". Melco Crown Philippines. Melco Crown Entertainment. 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Williams, Pamela (2013). Killing Fairfax: Packer, Murdoch & The Ultimate Revenge. HarperCollinsPublisher. ISBN 9780732297664.
  14. ↑ Ferguson, Adele (24 May 2011). "Online boom shows much more pain still to come for retailers". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  15. ↑ Ebrahimi, Helia (13 September 2013). "Interview with Helia Ebrahimi". CNBC. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  16. ↑ Butler, Ben (17 April 2014). "Court approves $40m One.Tel settlement". The Age. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  17. ↑ "About us". Crown Resorts Limited. 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  18. ↑ Crown Limited. "Annual General Meeting 2012 Crown Limited's Chairman and CEO Address, page 5" (PDF).
  19. ↑ Crown Limited. "Crown Limited Financial Year 2013 Results Presentation, slide 9" (PDF).
  20. ↑ Carson, Vanda (11 June 2009). "Packer's US casino gamble in $250m loss". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  21. ↑ Kitney, Damon (9 August 2012). "Packer partner gets tick for Macau casino". The Australian. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  22. ↑ "Melco Crown". Investment Service Centre. Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited. 15 August 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  23. 1 2 Kruger, Colin (30 October 2013). "James Packer's Macau gamble pays off". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  24. ↑ Kruger, Colin (12 May 2011). "Crown spends on jewels". Business Day. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  25. ↑ "About us: Club History". Crowns Aspinalls. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  26. 1 2 "Our businesses". Crown Resorts Limited. 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  27. ↑ Kruger, Colin (31 January 2007). "Packer loses punt on UK supercasino". The Sydney Morning Herald. Reuters/AAP.
  28. ↑ Magee, Antonia (2 March 2011). "James Packer, Lachlan Murdoch fall out over new Ten Network chief James Warburton". Herald Sun. Retrieved 21 August 2012.
  29. ↑ Bryant, Morris (23 May 2011). "Packer buys into Catch of the Day and Scoopon". The Dealer. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
  30. ↑ Tartaglione, Nancy (11 December 2012). "Oz Billionaire James Packer Partners With Brett Ratner On RatPac Entertainment". Deadline (London). Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  31. ↑ Fleming, Mike Jnr (30 September 2013). "Warner Bros Sets RatPac-Dune To Co-Finance Slates After Legendary Exit". Deadline (Hollywood). Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  32. 1 2 Lehman, John (12 October 2013). "James Packer takes a new gamble on big movies venture". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  33. ↑ Dean Ritchie (24 October 2014). "Peter Holmes a Court reveals his reasons for selling his South Sydney stake, while James Packer plans for a big future". The Daily Telegraph (Sydney, NSW). Retrieved 31 October 2014.
  34. ↑ James Packer to Work in Collaboration With Matthew Tripp
  35. 1 2 Litras, Peter (28 May 2008). "Rich surprise: Alan Bond bounces back". The Age. AAP. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  36. 1 2 Zappone, Chris (27 May 2009). "Rich get poorer". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  37. 1 2 "2014 BRW Rich 200". BRW (Sydney). 26 June 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  38. ↑ Heathcode, Andrew (14 November 2013). "Rich 200 get richer: Our top 10 billionaires enjoy a year to remember". Business Review Weekly.
  39. ↑ Leys, Nick; Miranda, Charles (18 January 2009). "James Packer's shrinking funds". The Sunday Telegraph.
  40. ↑ Hornery, Andrew (12 June 2010). "Pastimes paid for by the planet". The Age. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  41. 1 2 "#291: James Packer". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 31, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2016. Marital Status: Divorced
  42. 1 2 "2014 Australia's 40 Richest". Forbes Asia. January 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  43. ↑ "Australia and New Zealand's 40 Richest: James Packer". Forbes Asia. 2006. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  44. ↑ "James Packer still top of rich list". The Sydney Morning Herald. 30 May 2007.
  45. ↑ "Australia and New Zealand's 40 Richest: James Packer". Forbes Asia. 1 February 2007. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  46. ↑ Thomson, James (20 March 2008). "Australia and New Zealand's 40 Richest: The List". Forbes Asia. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  47. ↑ "Australia's 40 Richest: James Packer". Forbes Asia. 13 May 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  48. ↑ Saulwick, Jacob; Cummins, Caroline (27 May 2010). "Lowy leaves mining magnates in the dust". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  49. ↑ "Australia's 40 Richest: James Packer". Forbes Asia. 3 March 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  50. ↑ "BRW Rich 200 Wealth Index". BRW (Australia). 25 May 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  51. ↑ "Australia's 40 Richest: James Packer". Forbes Asia. March 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  52. ↑ "Rich 200: It's tough at the top". BRW. 24 May 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
  53. ↑ "Australia's 40 Richest: James Packer". Forbes Asia. 1 February 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
  54. ↑ "Rich 200 get richer: Our top 10 billionaires enjoy a year to remember". BRW (Sydney). 14 November 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  55. ↑ "James Packer". Forbes Asia. March 2013.
  56. ↑ Macken, Lucy (5 March 2015). "James Packer set to sell his Bondi Beach bachelor pad". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  57. 1 2 Allen, Lisa (25 June 2015). "James Packer rethinks sale of $20m Bondi apartment". The Australian. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  58. ↑ Kirkpatrick, Rod. "News media chronicle, July 1999 to June 2000" (PDF). Australian Studies in Journalism (School of Journalism and Communication, The University of Queensland) 9: 147. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  59. ↑ Sharp, Annette (June 16, 2002). "Why Jodhi called it quits". The Sun-Herald (Sydney, Australia: Fairfax Media). Archived from the original on October 28, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  60. ↑ Walls, Jeannette (28 December 2005). "Are commitment issues an Urban myth?". Today Entertainment (United States: MSNBC). Retrieved 12 April 2012.
  61. ↑ Sharp, Annette (24 November 2002). "James Packer and the Church of Scientology". The Sun-Herald (Australia). Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  62. ↑ McMahon, Neil (12 June 2007). "Meet Mrs Packer". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  63. ↑ Hornery, Andrew (10 May 2008). "See ya, Tom: Packer quits Cruise's church". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  64. ↑ Hornery, Andrew (21 June 2007). "Hitched: artful dodgers almost slip net". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
  65. ↑ Hornery, Andrew (17 June 2007). "All aboard the loveboat". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  66. ↑ Hudson, Fiona (3 June 2007). "James Packer's $6m wedding". The Daily Telegraph (Australia). Retrieved 22 May 2013.
  67. ↑ "Indigo is the luckiest Packer of them all". News.com.au (News Corp Australia). 29 July 2008. Archived from the original on 26 October 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  68. ↑ Hornery, Andrew (2 February 2010). "New heir for Packer dynasty". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
  69. ↑ "Packer palace welcomes new princess Emmanuelle". News.com.au (News Corp Australia). 27 September 2012. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  70. ↑ Leys, Nick (6 September 2013). "James Packer splits with wife Erica after six years of marriage". The Australian. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  71. ↑ "James Packer and Erica spotted in loving embrace". Woman's Day (Australia). 26 December 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2015. Just over a year since their shock divorce left the couple barely on speaking terms...
  72. ↑ "Mariah Carey, James Packer: Oops ... Neither of Us Are Divorced". TMZ.com. 23 January 2016. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  73. ↑ Heffernan, Madeleine (6 May 2014). "High price for James Packer v David Gyngell street brawl photos". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  74. ↑ "Exclusive photos: James Packer, Nine CEO David Gyngell in street brawl". news.com.au. 5 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  75. ↑ Bodey, Michael (6 May 2014). "Watch video of James Packer, David Gyngell fight on Bondi street". The Australian. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  76. ↑ Ferguson, Sarah (5 May 2014). "Behind the punch-up between James Packer and David Gyngell". 7.30. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  77. ↑ "Beyonce and James Packer are Engaged". E! Online. 21 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  78. ↑ "James Packer leaves $200 million on the table". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 25 July 2014.

Bibliography

External links

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