Jan Nisar Akhtar

Jan Nisar Akhtar
Born (1914-02-18)18 February 1914
Gwalior, India
Died 19 August 1976(1976-08-19) (aged 62)
Bombay, India
Occupation poet, lyricist
Genre Ghazal
Literary movement Progressive Writers' Movement
Notable works "Khaak-e-dil" (The Ashes of Heart") (1973)
Spouse Safiya Siraj-ul Haq
Khadija Talat
Children Javed Akhtar
Salman Akhtar
Shahid Akhtar
Uneza Akhtar
Albina Sharma

Jan Nisar Akhtar (Urdu: جان نثار اختر‎; 18 February 1914 – 19 August 1976) was an important 20th century Indian poet of Urdu ghazals and nazms, and a part of the Progressive Writers' Movement, who was also a lyricist for Bollywood.[1]

His career spanned four decades during which he worked with music composers including C. Ramchandra, O.P. Nayyar, N Dutta and Khayyam and wrote 151 songs. Notable among them were songs from his breakthrough film, AR Kardar's Yasmin (1955), Aankhon hi Aankhon Mein in Guru Dutt's CID (1956), Yeh dil aur unki nigahon ke saaye in Prem Parbat (1974) and Aaja re in Noorie (1979) and his last song, Ae Dil-e-naadaan, in Kamal Amrohi's Razia Sultan (1983).[2][3]

His poetry works include Nazr-e-Butaan, Salaasil, Javidaan, Pichali Pehar, Ghar Angan and Khaak-e-dil. The latter ("The Ashes of Heart") was a poetry collection for which he was awarded the 1976 Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu by Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters.[4]

Early life

He was born in 1914, in Gwalior, India, into a family of Sunni theologians, scholars and poets. His father Muztar Khairabadi was poet as was his father's elder brother, Bismil Khairabadi, while his great grandfather, Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi, a scholar of Islamic studies and theology, notably edited the first diwan of Mirza Ghalib on his request, and later became an important figure during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in his native Khairabad.

Jan Nisar passed his matriculation from Victoria Collegiate High School, Gwalior, and in 1930 joined Aligarh Muslim University, from where he gained his B.A. Honours and M.A. degrees. He started his doctoral work, but had to return to Gwalior due to family conditions.[5]

Career

On his return, he joined Victoria College, Gwalior, as an Urdu Lecturer. Meanwhile in 1943, he married Safiya Siraj-ul Haq, also an alumnus of AMU, and the sister of poet Majaz Luckknawi, their two sons, Javed and Salman were born in 1945 and 1946 respectively. Post-independence riots in Gwalior forced him to shift base to Bhopal, where he joined the Hamidia College as Head of Department of Urdu and Persian, later Safiya also joined the college. Soon they became part of the Progressive Writers' Movement and subsequently he was made its president.

In 1949, he resigned from his job, moved to Bombay to write lyrics for Urdu/Hindi movies besides ghazals and nazms for general publication. Once in Bombay, he came in touch with other progressive writers, like Mulk Raj Anand, Krishan Chander, Rajinder Singh Bedi and Ismat Chugtai, who often met at Bombay's Silver Fish Restaurant, and subsequently came to be known as 'Bombay Group of Writers'.[6] Success came his way quite late as a film lyricist, till then he was supported by his wife who had stayed back in Bhopal, though she died prematurely of cancer in 1953. Finally he had a career breakthrough, with Yasmeen (1955), with music by C. Ramchandra. His association with Madan Mohan, the music director resulted in many memorable movie songs.[5] Some of his notable lyrics were, Meri Neendon Mein Tum in Naya Andaz (1956) by Kishore Kumar, Shamshad Begum, Garib Jan Key Hamko Naa Tum Daga Dena sung by Mohd. Rafi in Chhoo Mantar, the hit Piya piya piya... in Baap Re Baap (1955) music by O.P. Nayyar, Aap Yun Faaslon Se by Lata Mangeshkar in Shankar Hussain (1977).[7]

His poetry was secular and like many of progressive writers of his generation talked of freedom, dignity, economic exploitation and other issues gleaming of the leftist leanings.[8] Even his romanticism which was amply displayed in his ghazals, was replete with references to household and family life. His notable books include Nazr-e-Butaan, Salaasil, Javidaan, Ghar Angan and Khaak-e-Dil (all Urdu titles). One of his many famous couplets is :

Ashaar mere yuu.N to zamaane ke liye hai.n,
kuchh sher faqat unako sunaane ke liye hai.n

Although my poems are meant for the whole world,
There are some couplets meant just for the beloved

He wrote and produced a film, Bahu Begum (1967), starring Pradeep Kumar and Meena Kumari. During the period of four-year to his death he published three collections of his works most important of them being, Khak-e-Dil (The Ashes of Heart"), which has his representative poems from 1935 to 1970, and which won him the Sahitya Akademi Award (Urdu) in 1976.[9] Jan Nisar was commissioned by the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru to collate the best Hindustani poetry of last 300 years, and later the first edition of the book titled Hindustan Hamara (Our Hindustan) in two volumes was released by Indira Gandhi. It contained Urdu verses on a topics, ranging from love and praise for India and its history, to festivals like Holi and Diwali, on Indian rivers like the Ganges, Yamuna and the Himalayas.[10]

He died in Bombay on 19 August 1976, while he was still working on Kamal Amrohi's film, Razia Sultan (1983). He was nominated posthumously for 1980 Filmfare Best Lyricist Award for "Aaja Re Mere Dilbar" from the film, Noorie.

His anthology, Hindustan Hamara was re-released in Hindi in 2006[11]

Family

He married Safia Akhtar, a teacher and writer in 1943, who in turn was the sister of Majaz, a romantic revolutionary poet. When Jan Nisar moved to Bombay to try his luck as a film lyricist, she stayed back with their children. She died of protracted cancer on 17 January 1953. Thereafter Jan Nisar got married again on 17 September 1956, to Khadija Talat. "Tumhare Naam", a collection of letters from 1 October 1943 to 29 December 1953 penned by Safia Akhtar, were first published in 1955 in two volumes under the title, "Harf-e-Aashna" and "Zer-e-Lab", this Hindi translation, was by Professor Asghar Wajahat, former Head of the Hindi Department, Jamia Millia Islamia was released in 2004.[12]

Filmography

Lyricist

Producer

Works

Further reading

References

  1. ↑ Jan Nisar Akhtar Encyclopaedia of Hindi cinema, by , Gulzar, Govind Nihalani, Saibal Chatterjee (Encyclopaedia Britannica, India). Popular Prakashan, 2003. ISBN 8179910660. p. 296.
  2. ↑ Gulzar to release Jan Nissar Akhtar’s Nigahon Ke Saaye Screen, 20 October 2006.
  3. ↑ Jan Nisar Akhtar Songs geetmanjusha.
  4. ↑ Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu Sahitya Akademi Award Official listings.
  5. 1 2 Jan Nisar Akhtar Biography The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature (Volume Two) (D -J). by Amaresh Datta. Sahitya Akademi, 2006. ISBN 81-260-1194-7. p. 1796-97.
  6. ↑ Literary radicalism in India: gender, nation and the transition to independence, by Priyamvada Gopal. Routledge, 2005. ISBN 0-415-32904-3, p. 165.
  7. ↑ Jan Nisar Akhtar Lyrics.
  8. ↑ History of Indian Literature: 1911–1956, struggle for freedom: triumph and tragedy, by Sisir Kumar Das. Sahitya Akademi, 2006. ISBN 81-7201-798-7. p. 226.
  9. ↑ Indian publishing in the seventies. by Vijaya Kumar Das. National Book Trust, India, 1978. p 96 .
  10. ↑ Javed Akhtar re-releases Hindustan Humara Rediff.com, 21 August 2006.
  11. ↑ Well versed: Revisiting 325-year-old Urdu poetry with Jan Nisar Akhtar Indian Express, 20 August 2006.
  12. ↑ Tumhare Naam, with love The Hindu, 8 January 2004.
  13. ↑ Derek Bose (15 December 2012). Kishore Kumar. Rupa Publications. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-81-291-2658-0. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  14. ↑ Yasmin (1955) songs
  15. ↑ Jan Nisar Akhtar film songs

External links

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