Jeff Bagwell

Jeff Bagwell
First baseman
Born: (1968-05-27) May 27, 1968
Boston, Massachusetts
Batted: Right Threw: Right
MLB debut
April 8, 1991, for the Houston Astros
Last MLB appearance
October 2, 2005, for the Houston Astros
MLB statistics
Batting average .297
Hits 2,314
Home runs 449
Runs batted in 1,529
Teams
Career highlights and awards

Jeffrey Robert Bagwell (born May 27, 1968) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and coach who spent his entire fifteen-year Major League Baseball (MLB) playing career with the Houston Astros. Originally, the Boston Red Sox selected him from the University of Hartford as a third baseman in the fourth round of the 1989 amateur draft. The Red Sox traded Bagwell to the Astros in 1990; the next season he made his MLB debut and was named the National League (NL) Rookie of the Year. The NL Most Valuable Player (MVP) in 1994, Bagwell was also a four-time MLB All-Star, three-time Silver Slugger Award winner and a Rawlings Gold Glove Award recipient. Forming a core part of Astros lineups with Craig Biggio and Lance Berkman given the epithet "Killer B's", Houston finished in first or second place in the National League Central division in 11 of 12 seasons from 1994 to 2005, qualifying for the playoffs six times, and culminating in Bagwell's lone World Series appearance in 2005.

Bagwell was part of the trade that sent relief pitcher Larry Andersen to the Red Sox, now regarded as one of the most lopsided trades in sports history. Anderson pitched just 22 innings for Boston while Bagwell hit 449 home runs for the Astros, the most in club history, among setting numerous other franchise career and single-season records. He excelled at every major aspect of the game, including hitting, on-base ability, running, defense, and throwing. Bagwell is the only player in MLB history to achieve six consecutive seasons (1996–2001) with each of 30 home runs, 100 runs batted in (RBI), 100 runs scored, and 100 walks, and just the fifth to achieve 300 home runs, 1,000 RBI and 1,000 runs scored in his first ten seasons. He is just one of 12 players in history to hit 400 home runs and record an on-base percentage (OBP) of .400, and the only first baseman with at least 400 home runs and 200 stolen bases. Overall, Bagwell batted over .300 six times, had a career OBP of .408 (39th all-time) and a slugging percentage of .540 (32nd all-time). He was a two-time member of the 30–30 club, the only first baseman to achieve those figures more than once. His 79.6 Wins Above Replacement (WAR) per Baseball-Reference.com rank sixth all-time among first basemen.

Early life

Born in Boston, Massachusetts, as the only son of Janice (née Hare) and Robert Bagwell, Jeff Bagwell and his family moved to Killingworth, Connecticut, when he was one years old. Much of Bagwell's family is from the Greater Boston area, including both his parents, and are avid fans of the Boston Red Sox.[1] His favorite player, Carl Yastrzemski, was a longtime left fielder for the Red Sox.[2] Robert, from Watertown, pitched college baseball at Northwestern University and as a semi-professional. Janice, a police officer, grew up in Newton and played softball in local Boston leagues until her 20s. Bagwell's parents divorced when he was 11. Precocious and demonstrating much athletic ability early in life, he played a wide variety of sports as a youth. Recalled Janice, Jeff "could throw a ball before he could walk. When he was six months old, we’d throw a ball to him and he would throw it back."[1]

Bagwell graduated from Xavier High School, a private all-male Catholic school located in Middletown, Connecticut. A versatile athlete, he excelled at soccer, setting the school goal-scoring mark, played shortstop, and lettered in basketball. In early 1989, Bagwell was honored by Xavier for his character and generosity.[3] Former major league pitcher Bill Denehy, coach of the Hawks college baseball team for the University of Hartford in Connecticut, offered Bagwell a scholarship in spite of baseball not being his primary sport. Bagwell accepted the invitation and Denehy switched him to third base.[1] Over three seasons playing for Hartford, he batted .413 in 400 at bats,[4] a school record, and, for a time, a New England collegiate record. He also was the school's career home run (31) and run batted in (126) leader when he was drafted,[5] and a two-time Eastern College Athletic Conference player of the year.[6]

Playing career

Boston Red Sox prospect

The Red Sox selected Jeff Bagwell in the fourth round of the 1989 Major League Baseball draft, much, of course, to the delight of Bagwell's family.[1] He played for the Winter Haven Red Sox of the Florida State League in 1989, batting .310 with two home runs, little indication of the future power for which he would hit.[3] In 1990, while playing for the New Britain Red Sox, Bagwell won the AA Eastern League's Most Valuable Player Award.[7] In 136 games with New Britain, he batted .333 with 160 hits, four home runs (HR), 61 runs batted in (RBI), 34 doubles, seven triples, 73 bases on balls (BB), 57 strikeouts (SO), .422 on-base percentage (OBP), .457 slugging percentage (SLG) and .880 on-base plus slugging percentage (OPS).[8] He finished first in the league in hits and doubles, second in batting, OBP and OPS, fourth in BB, fifth in SLG, ninth in runs scored and tenth in RBI.[9]

On August 30, 1990, the Red Sox traded Bagwell to the Houston Astros for relief pitcher Larry Andersen to gear up for their playoff run.

The trade is now considered one of the most one-sided trades in baseball history;[10][11] in 2001, ESPN's readers named it the second-worst trade in sports history, behind only the Red Sox trading Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees.[12] Although Andersen pitched well down the stretch in 1990 – he allowed three runs in 22 innings of relief – to help the Red Sox secure the American League East division title on the final day of the season, the Oakland Athletics swept Boston out of the American League Championship Series (ALCS). They then lost Andersen after the season when he was declared a free agent due to the second collusion settlement.[13]

According to the Red Sox' then-general manager, Lou Gorman, the trade made sense at the time. He has spent the ensuing years explaining the logic. In his 2005 autobiography, One Pitch from Glory, he maintained that Boston already had Wade Boggs at the major league level at third base, and rated prospects Tim Naehring and Scott Cooper ahead of Bagwell on the organization's depth chart.[14] Further, Gorman didn't think Bagwell could play third base – his primary position in the minor leagues. Although he had seen some time at first base, he was blocked from that position by Mo Vaughn. Gorman also sought to strengthen the Red Sox' bullpen, and had been assured by MLB's player relations committee that Andersen would not be lost to new-look free agency.[15]

However, Cooper[16] and Naehring[17] both played their last professional game in 1997, and Andersen was lost to new-look free agency after just over a month in Boston.[13] Of course, the trade devastated Bagwell and his family, who, after seeing his initial success in the minor leagues, had all began to have hopes of a long Red Sox career.[1]

Houston Astros

In spite of the unexpected detour early in Bagwell's professional baseball career, he blossomed in Houston, becoming one of the most accomplished players in Astros franchise history. He spent his entire major league career in a Houston uniform and, along with teammate Craig Biggio in their 15 seasons playing together, were known as the "Killer B's", synonymous with the Astros throughout the 1990s and into the 2000s. A prodigious offensive and defensive unit, during their 10 peak seasons from 1994–2003, they appeared in nine All-Star Games, won five Gold Gloves, ranked in the top five of the Most Valuable Player Award voting five times and averaged 226 runs scored. They totaled 689 home runs, 2,485 RBI and 3,083 runs scored while the Astros advanced to the postseason six times.[18] Other players that the Astros later acquired whose names started with the letter B also were included in this distinction, including Derek Bell, Sean Berry, Lance Berkman,[19] and Carlos Beltrán.[20]

With an exaggerated and unusual batting style, Bagwell waited for each pitch in a low crouch, with legs wide open and knees bent nearly 90 degrees, appearing as if he was sitting on an invisible bench. He stepped back with his front foot as he began his swing. Next, he would rise from his stance and the move his hands with the bat forward[21][22] into his powerful, uppercut swing. "That wide stance keeps him from over striding", Joe Torre observed, "which can be your biggest problem when you’re trying to hit for power."[23] The low crouch also shrunk his strike zone, allowing him to walk more often.[21] Standing 6 feet tall (72 inches (180 cm)) and weighing 195 pounds (88 kg), he did not present the image of an imposing, home run-hitting giant that would cause pitchers to be very careful when he batted after he began his major league career.[24]

Rookie of the Year Award and early career (1991–93)

The Astros invited Bagwell to major league camp in spring training of 1991. Bagwell, expecting for the club to assign him to their AAA affiliate Tucson, enthused them with his play. Because they, too, already had an established major leaguer at third base in Ken Caminiti, they approached Bagwell about shifting to first base, which he accepted. Having not previously played the position as a regular, Bagwell received a crash course, playing minor league games in the morning and Astros games in the afternoon until Opening Day. Observed the The Sporting News: "Rookie Jeff Bagwell never played first base before this spring, but the position is his to lose. It's up to his bat."[25] Thus, Bagwell made the major league club without an assignment to AAA, making the uncommon jump from AA to the major leagues,[26] and made his major league debut on Opening Day.[27] On May 6, he hit the ninth-ever upper-deck home run at Three Rivers Stadium off Bob Kipper in a seventh-inning pinch hit appearance, estimated at 456 feet (139 m).[28] Bagwell hit .350 in September.[27] He finished the year hitting .294 with 15 home runs and 82 RBI while leading the Astros in several offensive categories. He was named the 1991 National League (NL) Rookie of the Year, the first Astros player to win the award,[27] Baseball America's Rookie of the Year, a Sporting News post-season All-Star and on the Topps' Rookie All-Star Team.[29]

Bagwell's power hike piqued the curiosity of many baseball observers. In two minor league seasons from 1989–90, he had managed six home runs in 932 at bats–a ratio of 155 at bats per home run (AB/HR). With 15 HR in his first year in Houston, that average shrunk to 36.9. He also exhibited extraordinary plate discipline for a rookie: while ranking tenth in the league in walks with 75, his OBP placed fifth at .387.[30] Of the power surge, commented Bagwell to hitting coach Rudy Jaramillo, "That's awesome", to which he reacted, "Awesome? We can get more out of you than that." By altering an approach to contact the pitch with topspin as he did when he arriving to Houston, Jaramillo taught Bagwell to hit with backspin, resulting in a soaring trajectory rather than nose diving. He also habituated Bagwell to manipulate the count, waiting for a pitch to drive instead of indiscriminately swinging at any pitch that appeared to be a strike. Accounted Bagwell of the newfound advantage, "I didn’t hit many home runs in the minor leagues, but when I hit one, when I got backspin on it, it went a long way."[22]

Although firmly established as the Astros' first baseman from Opening Day in 1991, Bagwell remarked years later that transitioning from third base was not automatic. First basemen approach fielding plays from their right side, which is opposite to playing third base. He recounted one conversation that occurred during an Astros pitching change in a game against St. Louis. Shortstop Ozzie Smith was on first and asked Bagwell, "How's it going?" Bagwell responded, "I'm really struggling with my backhand." Smith replied, "Well, here's what you do. You can't field the ball deep. You have to get out in front of it." Remarked Bagwell, "I was basically being given a lesson from Ozzie Smith at first base during a pitching change. It's pretty cool."[31]

The next year, Bagwell hit .273, driving in 96 runs with 18 home runs.[24] In 1993, the Astros improved to a third-place finish in the National League West division, and in mid-September, Bagwell was batting .320 with 20 HR and 88 RBI. However, a pitch from the Philadelphia Phillies' Ben Rivera broke the fourth metacarpal bone in Bagwell's left hand, ending his season prematurely. It was the first of three successive seasons that ended early or was interrupted due to a broken bone in that hand from a pitch. His tendency to dip down just before starting to swingmade his hand vulnerable to being hit by inside pitches.[3] His .320 average was sixth in the NL.[24] In February 1994, Bagwell and the Astros agreed to a one-year contact with a $2.4 million base salary (USD, $3.9 million today).[32]

Unanimous selection for Most Valuable Player Award (1994)

The most productive season in Bagwell's professional career was the strike-shortened 1994 season, so absurdly productive it was that he set several franchise records while profiling as one of the greatest individual performances in MLB history. On Opening Day, April 4, against the Montreal Expos, Bagwell hit the game-tying home run while going 3-for-6 as the Astros won in a 12-inning walk-off. For the month of April, he batted .360, .406 OBP and .640 SLG with six HR, nine BB and 18 SO. He hit another six HR with 20 BB in May while batting .301, .415 OBP and .570 SLG. For June, he hit 13 HR, establishing an Astros' franchise record for one month, while batting .394, 11 2B, .455 OBP, .899 SLG, 1.354 OPS. On June 24, he hit three home runs against the Los Angeles Dodgers at the Astrodome – two in the same inning – in a 16–4 rout, becoming the first Astro since Glenn Davis in 1990 to do so. He was the NL Player of the Week for consecutive weeks on June 19 and June 26 and the NL Player of the Month for June, his second career monthly award.[33]

Selected to his first All-Star Game as a reserve, Bagwell tied Kirby Puckett for the major league RBI lead at 81 going into the All-Star break,[34] and batted .348 with 27 HR and 74 runs scored.[35] In the All-Star Game, he pinch hit for starting pitcher Greg Maddux in his first plate appearance, singling off David Cone, and wound up collecting two hits in four at-bats.[36] The first player in the majors to reach 100 RBI on July 27, Bagwell homered off José Rijo in a 6–5 win over Cincinnati to give him 101 RBI in his first 101 games.[37] In July, Bagwell tied a club record for RBI in any month with 29, which José Cruz and Jimmy Wynn shared.[6] Bagwell also hit .409 in July[35] with 11 HR while walking 20 times, posting a 1.384 OPS and collecting his second consecutive Player of the Month award. He would hit another three home runs with six walks in nine August games[33] before a pitch from Andy Benes fractured his left hand on August 10 and ended his season. It was the fourth metacarpal bone, the same bone that was broken on a pitch to end the previous season.[38] Entering that game, he carried an 18-game hitting streak. Two days later, the strike ended the season for all the major leagues.[39] Bagwell's production accelerated in 26 games after the All-Star break, batting .432, .530 OBP, .916 SLG, 1.446 OPS, 10 2B, 12 HR, 34 RBI and 30 runs scored.[35] The Astros finished one-half game out of first place in the inaugural season of the National League Central division, the product of MLB's division realignment.[40]

Bagwell finished the 1994 season playing in 110 games and batting .368 with a .750 SLG, 1.201 OPS, 39 HR, 116 RBI, 104 runs scored, 300 total bases and 213 adjusted OPS (OPS+) in 400 at-bats. He led the major leagues in SLG, OPS+, RBI, and total bases, and the NL in runs scored and OPS, but fell short of winning the batting Triple Crown, finishing second for the batting title to Tony Gwynn, who, after batting .394, had the highest average in the major leagues since Ted Williams in 1941.[41] Bagwell finished second in HR to Matt Williams, who hit 43.[38] Bagwell set the record for the fewest plate appearances in a season with at least 100 runs and RBI and became the first National Leaguer to finish first or second in batting average, home runs, RBI, and runs scored since Willie Mays in 1955.[42] His .750 SLG at the time ranked as the seventh-best ever[3] – it still ranks as the 11th best single-season mark in Major League history – and was the highest by a National Leaguer since Rogers Hornsby in 1925 (.756). He unanimously won the NL Most Valuable Player Award,[a] becoming the fourth player in National League history to be unanimously voted the award, and the first Astros player to win the award.[33] Bagwell also won his first Silver Slugger Award and Rawlings Gold Glove Award, and Player of the Year Awards from the Associated Press, Baseball Digest, and USA Today Baseball Weekly.[6]

At the time, in National League history, the 213 OPS+ trailed only Hornsby's 1924 season (222 OPS+) for the second-highest ever;[43] as of 2015, it was tied for 24th highest of all time in all major league seasons, and was the eighth highest among all not by Barry Bonds, Babe Ruth or Williams. Bagwell generated a .383 Isolated Power (ISO) mark, the 16th-highest in history. Twelve of the 15 higher seasons belonged to Bonds, Ruth, and Mark McGwire. Seven of the ten seasons that exceeded his .750 SLG belonged to Bonds and Ruth. Bagwell's 10.26 at bats per home run (AB/HR) ratio is the 25th-best in history. The 1.2009 OPS is the 20th-highest in history; 13 of the seasons that are higher belong to Bonds, Ruth and Williams.[33] The 116 RBI in 110 games qualified for the 13th-highest ratio in history.[44]

Projecting Bagwell's totals to 162 games and 650 plate appearances, he was on pace to amass 47 doubles, 57 home runs, 170 RBI, 22 stolen bases, 95 walks, 216 hits, along with .451 OBP, .750 SLG, and 1.201 OPS. When leading off an inning, he batted .460, .514 OBP, .990 SLG, 1.504 OPS, 14 HR, nine doubles and a triple. He also hit 23 home runs in 56 games at the Astrodome, setting a record that stood for the stadium that was famed to be pitcher-friendly until the Astros moved out following the 1999 season.[33] Bagwell's other totals in the Astrodome that season included a .373 batting average, 54 runs scored, 58 RBI, .816 SLG and 1.275 OPS. In 125 plate appearances against left-handed pitching, he batted .457 with 20 BB, 18 HR and 11 doubles for a .544 OBP, 1.095 SLG and 1.639 OPS.[35] He set single-season club records for batting average, SLG, OPS, OPS+, AB/HR, and offensive win percentage (.858), and also for home runs, breaking Wynn's 27-year-old record, and RBI, breaking Bob Watson's record he had set 17 years earlier – later which he again both subsequently broke.[38]

"Crazy stuff happened that year", Bagwell recalled of his 1994 season. "Every pitch that I was looking for, I got. And when I got it, I didn't miss it. It was ridiculous."[21] The Astros and Bagwell agreed to a four-year contract on November 23, 1994, worth $27.5 million (USD, $43.9 million today) with the three option years. The average annual value of $6.875 million ($11 million today) made him the fifth-highest paid player in the majors.[45]

Continued peak (1995–96)

Bagwell at bat for the Astros

The 1995 season was shortened by 18 games due to the players' strike that commenced the year before. Bagwell endured a slump through the month of May in which he batted .183. In June, his results started to improve as he batted .339 and followed up in July by driving in 31 runs.[46] Both Bagwell and Derek Bell registered 31 RBI that month, breaking the monthly club RBI record – Bagwell had tied the previous record one year earlier to the month.[6] He hit his first two career home runs against Maddux of the Atlanta Braves within a week – on May 28 and June 3 – who ceded eight over the entire season.[47] On July 28 against the Colorado Rockies, Bagwell's 10th-inning home run tied the score and two innings later he scored the winning run for a 5–4 final score.[48]

For the third time in three seasons, an incoming pitch broke a bone in Bagwell's left hand: on this occasion, it was on July 30 from the Padres' Brian Williams. Rather than change his successful style, Bagwell began wearing a heavily-padded protective batting glove.[21] He returned in September to bat .313 with five home runs and 21 RBI as Houston finished one game behind the Rockies for the NL wild card.[46] Bagwell missed a total of 30 games, appearing in 114 and batted .290 with 21 HR.[49] After the season, he commenced a rigorous training program that enabled him to gain 20 pounds and increased his endurance for the long season. Activities of focus included concentrated weight lifting, change of diet, and the use of creatine and androstenedione.[21]

By the start of the 1996 season, Bagwell and Biggio had gained seniority – even if not necessarily by age – within the Astros clubhouse as well as status as superstars.[50] According to journalist Dayn Perry, the earliest recorded reference to an Astros version of the nickname "Killer B's" encountered via a Google Search occurred that year.[51] Bagwell enforced accountability and preparation which fostered camaraderie and incorporated all players as instrumental to the success of the team. Thus, the Astros raised their level of play, and a new string of playoff appearances followed.[50] In time, all who entered the Astros gym were greeted with a banner that read: "Bagwell's Gym. Work Hard. Play Hard. Or Leave."[52]

On May 7 against Philadelphia, Bagwell reached the 500th RBI of his career with two home runs and four RBI.[6] By hitting his second upper-deck home run at Three Rivers Stadium on May 29 – it travelled 459 feet (140 m) – Bagwell joined longtime Pirate Willie Stargell as the only players to homer twice into the stadium's upper deck.[53] For the month of May, he batted .360 with .740 SLG, 10 HR, 31 RBI, scored 22 runs, and stole four bases. He was named NL Player of the Month, his fourth career monthly award.[54] On June 14, Bagwell tied a major league record with four doubles in one game against San Francisco.[55] He played all 162 games that year, batting .315 with a 1.021 OPS, 31 HR, and 120 RBI, 135 BB with 111 runs scored. With 21 successful stolen bases in 28 attempts, it was his first season in the 20–20 club, that is, to steal 20 bases while hitting 20 home runs in the same season.[49] Bagwell reached base 324 total times and in all but 11 games.[6] He led the NL in doubles with 48 while earning his second All-Star selection and finishing ninth in the MVP voting.

Rumors had surfaced during the 1996 season that manager Terry Collins did not get along well with Bagwell and Biggio, largely contributing to his dismissal. The Astros hired Larry Dierker after the season to replace him, holding the position through the 2001 season. According to his autobiography, This Ain't Brain Surgery, Dierker was asked during the interview how he would handle the players. His response: "'Look, I'm tired of this Bagwell and Biggio s---,' I said. 'Bagwell and Biggio will not be a problem, believe me.' I now believe that this statement is the one that got me the job. It also proved to be false."[56]

First two playoff appearances (1997–98)

The 1,000th hit of Bagwell's career was a home run on May 20, 1997, off Calvin Maduro, one of his two that game, in a 9–5 win over the Philadelphia Phillies.[57] He was selected to the play in the All-Star Game.[58] Exhibiting above-average speed and baserunning skills for a first baseman, Bagwell became the first full-time first baseman to join the 30–30 club,[42] capping the 1997 season with 31 steals in 41 attempts. The only other first baseman to accomplish the 30–30 club is Joe Carter. Bagwell scored 109 runs and batting average dropped to .286, but his home run total increased to 43, and bolstered 135 RBI – both second in the league – and he finished third in the MVP balloting.[49] He made the playoffs for the first time in 1997 when the Astros won the National League Central division, the club's first appearance in 11 years. The Astros faced the Atlanta Braves in the National League Division Series (NLDS),[59] who swept them in three games. Bagwell, Biggio and Bell combined for two hits in 37 at bats.[60]

In 1998, Bagwell informed a Houston Chronicle reporter that he was using androstenedione (commonly referred to as "andro"), which at the time the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classified it as a nutritional dietary supplement, finding it benign and authorized for non-medicinal purposes. It was considered a "weak" androgen steroid hormone and allegedly in widespread use around the sport at the time.[b][61] Bagwell hit his first career grand slam while tying a career-high six RBI against Cincinnati on September 9 in a 13–7 victory. It was his 218th career home run, making his streak the then-longest among active players without a grand slam.[62]

Bagwell finished the 1998 season batting .304 with 34 HR, 111 RBI, 124 runs scored, 19 SB, 109 BB, .424 OBP, .557 SLG, .981 OPS. He ranked third in the league in runs scored and BB, fifth in OPS+, sixth in OBP, and eighth in OPS. The Astros won a franchise-best 102 games while winning the National League Central division title, leading the league in runs scored. Their season ended by defeat to the San Diego Padres in the NLDS,[63] including losing two starts against Kevin Brown – one of the league's highest-accomplished pitchers that year[64] – both by a 2–1 score.[65] Bagwell, Bell, and Biggio combined for six hits in 51 at bats in this series.[66]

Second player with multiple 40–30 seasons (1999)

As the "Killer B's" brand gained increased national attention, the Astros, perhaps "in pursuit of arcane history, used eight players whose last names began with 'B'" in 1999, per sports journalist Dayn Perry,[51] including Bagwell, Paul Bako, Glen Barker, Bell, Sean Bergman, Berkman, Biggio, and Tim Bogar.[67] On April 21, Bagwell hit three home runs in a 10–3 win against the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field, his second career three-home run game. The second home run allowed him to surpass Wynn as the Astros' all-time home run leader at 224 and he tied a career-high in one game with six RBI.[68] He produced another three-home run game on June 9 against the Chicago White Sox. He was also a grand slam short of hitting for the "home run cycle", with a solo home run, a three-run home run, and a two-run home run, respectively.[69] The two three-home run games made him the only player to accomplish this feat at two different stadiums in Chicago in the same season.[70]

Bagwell was named to his fourth career All-Star Game in 1999. At the All-Star break, the Astros were percentage points behind the first-place Cincinnati Reds and Bagwell had scored or driven in 28.6% of the Astros' runs, the highest percentage of a team's offense for which any one player in MLB accounted. He ranked first in the NL in walks (83), runs (81) and OBP (.464), second in HR (28), RBI (78) and SLG (.648) and had 17 stolen bases.[21] On August 20, 1999, he walked a major-league record six times in a 16-inning game against the Florida Marlins.[52][71] In 1999, he led the major leagues in runs scored (143), bases on balls (149) and games played (162). He also batted .304 with 42 HR and 126 RBI, .591 SLG and 30 stolen bases, giving him his second 30–30 season. He finished runner-up in the NL MVP balloting[72] and won the third Silver Slugger Award of his career. The only other infielders in major league history who had had multiple 30–30 seasons as of 2011 were Ian Kinsler, Alfonso Soriano, and Howard Johnson.[69] Bagwell joined Barry Bonds as the only players in MLB history to achieve the 40–30 mark (40 home runs and 30 stolen bases) twice.[6] The Astros clinched a Central division title in 1999,[73] their third consecutive, faced the Braves in an NLDS rematch of two years prior, but were defeated in four games.[74]

National League runs scored record (2000)

In a presentation of rankings of active major leaguers prior to the 2000 season, Sports Illustrated slotted Bagwell second among position players behind Ken Griffey, Jr., and The Sporting News placed him sixth among all players, including pitchers.[75] Bagwell christened the team's 2000 move to Enron Field (later renamed Minute Maid Park) with the stadium's first-ever hit and first two runs driven in, in a 6–5 exhibition victory over the New York Yankees on March 30.[76] His two-run, ninth-inning home run against Trevor Hoffman in San Diego on June 10 won the contest for Houston, 7–6, and stopped a 10-game losing streak.[77] On August 14 in Philadelphia, he homered twice and tied a club record with seven RBI in a 14–7 win, shared by Rafael Ramírez and Pete Incaviglia.[78] Five days later against Milwaukee, Bagwell again homered twice for the 299th and 300th of his career; the second home run broke an eighth-inning tie to give Houston a 10–8 win. He joined Hank Aaron, Joe DiMaggio, Frank Robinson and Ted Williams as the fifth player in major league history to record 300 home runs, 1,000 RBI and 1,000 runs scored in his first ten seasons.[79]

Bagwell finished the 2000 season with a career-high 47 home runs, .310 average, .424 OBP, .615 SLG – the second-best mark of his career – for a 152 OPS+.[80] His 152 runs scored was the highest total in a season since Lou Gehrig in 1936,[81] and his 295 runs scored from 1999–2000 set a National League two-season record. His pair of cleats from the 2000 season were turned in for display at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.[82] The following December, Bagwell and the Astros agreed to a five-year, $85 million (USD, $116.8 million today) contract extension. With an average annual value of $17 million, he would become the third-highest paid player in the sport at the time.[83] By 2005, he was the seventh-highest paid player in the sport, receiving $18 million in the fourth year of the deal.

Sixth consecutive season of 30 HR, 100 RBI, 100 runs scored and 100 BB (2001)

With a triple on May 7, 2001, against Chicago, Bagwell achieved the 700th extra base hit of hit career. For the second time in his career, he reached seven RBI in a game – again tying a club record – at Kansas City on July 7.[6] Over four successive games from July 8–13, Bagwell homered and totaled five home runs in that span.[84] In a contest at Enron Field against the St. Louis Cardinals on July 18, he hit for the cycle. He went 4-for-5 with a BB and five RBI as the Astros won, 17–11.[85][86] He was the NL Player of the Month that July after batting .333 with nine HR, breaking his own club record with 36 RBI in a month, exceeding 34 RBI in August 2000.[6]

While hitting his 32nd HR on August 19, 2001, against Pittsburgh, Bagwell collected his 100th RBI. It was the sixth consecutive season he reached at least 30 HR and 100 RBI, making him the eighth player in MLB history to achieve such a streak, and the only Houston player to do so. Five days later, also against Pittsburgh, he scored his 100th run, joining Jimmie Foxx, Lou Gehrig, and Babe Ruth as the only players in MLB history with six consecutive seasons of 30 homers, 100 RBI and 100 runs scored. On September 30 at Chicago, Bagwell walked for his 100th of the season, thus making him the only player in MLB history register six consecutive seasons of at least 30 HR, 100 RBI, 100 runs scored, and 100 walks.[6] The Astros won the Central division title and faced the Atlanta Braves in the NLDS.[87] In spite of Bagwell reaching base in eight of 12 plate appearances by single or by walk, he did not score any runs, and the Braves swept the Astros in three games.[88]

Playing with sound health until 2001, an explosive pain started to progress in his left shoulder during the season. Bagwell underwent surgery to remove bone spurs[52] and to reconstruct a partially torn labrum on October 26, 2001.[89] He had also began to develop arthritis in his right shoulder, which gradually worsened and diminished his playing ability.[90]

Other milestones (2002–03)

For the first three months of the 2002 season, Bagwell labored greatly with throwing; he still had not fully recovered from the shoulder surgery of the previous offseason. Even after it improved, it was noticeably less strong than two years prior.[52] In July, he batted .349 with six HR and 23 RBI.[6] Before a game against the San Diego Padres on August 27, he met with an 11-year-old bone cancer patient named Stephen Rael who asked him to hit a home run for him. Bagwell replied, "I'm going to try, but I'm not Babe Ruth." In the fifth inning, he hit a pitch from Mike Bynum over the left field wall and pointed to the child in the stands as he rounded third base. He later said, "I hit the home run, and he felt it was for him. I'm glad for that. It made it special."[91] From August 10–24, Bagwell produced a season-high 15-game hitting, marking the 12th consecutive season with at least one double-digit hit streak, a club record, and second to Roberto Alomar with 14 among all then-active players. In September, he batted .343 with 11 multi-hit games.[6]

During a 3–2 loss to the Montreal Expos on April 26, 2003, Bagwell's infield single gave him 2,000 hits for his career, joining Biggio as the only Astros to achieve this mark.[92] Bagwell collected the assist for the final out of a combined no-hitter and 8–0 win over the Yankees on June 11. He scooped a ground ball batted from Hideki Matsui and relayed it to Billy Wagner covering first base, the final of a record six pitchers participating in the feat.[93] Playing the Cincinnati Reds on July 20, 2003, Bagwell hit two home runs for the 400th of his career off Danny Graves, becoming the 35th player in MLB history to do so.[94] ESPN's "The List" ranked Bagwell as the second-most underrated athlete of the top four North American professional sports leagues in August 2003, and Biggio third.[95]

Milestones of 1,500 RBI, 1,500 runs scored and 200 stolen bases (2004)

When he hit his sixth career grand slam against Milwaukee on April 9, 2004, Bagwell tied a club record. He recorded his 200th career stolen base on August 30 against Cincinnati to become the tenth player in MLB history to reach that plateau while hitting 400 home runs. On September 18, 2004, Bagwell collected his 1,500th career RBI with a single in the third inning against the Brewers. Two innings later, he homered for his 1,500th run scored, becoming just 29th player in MLB history and first Astro to reach both milestones. Bagwell finished with 27 home runs, stopping a streak of eight consecutive seasons with at least 30 but extending a streak of 12 with at least 20.[6]

The Astros faced the Braves in the playoffs for the fourth time in Bagwell's career in the 2004 NLDS. In Game 3, on October 7, he hit his first career postseason home off Mike Hampton in the first inning in a 4–2 extra-inning loss.[96] After three failed attempts to advance past the first round of the playoffs earlier in Bagwell's career – all to the Braves (1997, 1999, and 2001) – and seven overall[97] in 43 years of franchise history, the Astros defeated the Braves for their first-ever playoff series win.[98] Thanks to the quartet dubbed the "Killer B's" – this time composed of Bagwell, Beltrán, Berkman and Biggio – the Astros' offense ignited, batting .395 (34-for-86) with eight home runs, 21 RBI and 24 runs scored. The Astros scored an NLDS-record 36 runs and Bagwell batted .318 with two home runs and five RBI.[99] They advanced to Bagwell's first National League Championship Series (NLCS) to face the Cardinals in the 2004 NLCS. However, the Cardinals defeated the Astros in seven games to advance to the World Series.[100]

Health issues and World Series drive (2005)

Bagwell posing with a group of fans

In February, 2005, Bagwell and Biggio were jointly inducted into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame.[101] Shortly after the 2005 season began, the chronic arthritic condition in his shoulder that had begun in 2001 finally sidelined him, rendering him inactive for three-quarters of the season. The former Gold Glove winner was now subjugated into a defensive liability with severely restricted throwing ability, forcing him to "push" the ball instead of throwing it. Teams began taking advantage of his defensive increased weakness. Once possessing great ability to throw out the lead runner at third base ahead on bunt plays, Bagwell found it difficult to practice with the other infielders between innings.[102]

Concurrently, Bagwell's offensive production suffered, and pressure mounted on Astros management to bench the perennial All-Star; the club had started the season with a 15–30 won–loss record.[103] He hit his last major league home run against Maddux, now pitching for Chicago, on April 29, tying him for the most against any pitcher with seven.[6] Bagwell continued to play through the pain until, after going 0-for-5 in a loss to the Pirates on May 4, it became so unbearable that he asked manager Phil Garner to remove him from the lineup the following day. He had hit just .250 with three home runs in 88 at bats.[90] The Astros placed him on the disabled list a few days later and shoulder surgery followed.[104]

The Astros dramatically improved after the poor start to finish 74–43 over their final 117 games and capture the NL wild card.[103] Rendered unable to throw from the surgery,[104] the club activated Bagwell in September as a pinch hitter,[105] and he played a symbolic role in the successful drive to capture their first-ever National League pennant and World Series appearance.[106] Moreover, the Astros secured the pennant against their division rival St. Louis Cardinals in the NLCS, reversing the outcome from the year prior against the same club.[107]

After having played 4,714 games and their entire major league careers together in Houston, Bagwell and Biggio appeared in their first World Series in 2005.[104] Bagwell was the Astros' designated hitter in the first two games against the White Sox at U.S. Cellular Field, and a pinch hitter in the two games played in Houston at Minute Maid Park. His last official major league plate appearance was in the seventh inning of Game 4, when he pinch hit for pitcher Brandon Backe and ground out. The White Sox won this contest to sweep the Astros and secure the championship.[70] With contributions of only a partially healthy Bagwell, the White Sox outscored the Astros by a combined six runs, the lowest scoring differential in World Series history.[108] Together with Biggio, Bagwell received Baseball America's Lifetime Achievement Award after the 2005 season.[109]

Comeback attempt and retirement (2006)

On January 23, 2006, the Astros indicated that they would file a claim on an insurance policy on Bagwell's health to collect approximately $15.6 million of the $17 million in salary owed to him for the 2006 season.[110][111] Days earlier, orthopedic surgeon Dr. James Andrews had performed a physical examination on Bagwell and determined that he had become "completely disabled" in terms of ability to play baseball again,[112] including a maximum ability to throw a baseball 35 miles per hour (56 km/h) for short distances.[113] Because of the language of the policy, the Astros could not release him without losing their settlement, nor could he take the field. The decision effectively eliminated his chances of playing again in the Major Leagues.[110][114] On March 28, Cigna rejected the claim, contending that because Bagwell had played during 2005 World Series he could not have become more disabled during the period of baseball inactivity characteristic of the offseason.[112]

Nonetheless, Bagwell still reported to spring training hoping he could contribute in some way during the upcoming 2006 campaign, and to test the injured shoulder. Of course, his mere presence in camp put the Astros' insurance claim into further question, creating an awkward situation between the player and the team.[113] He appeared in several games, batting .219 with two RBI. He never had to make any difficult throws that would place notable stress on his shoulder as the other infielders shifted toward him. As expected, the Astros put him on the 15-day disabled list in late March with bone spurs in the shoulder.[115] Bagwell disclosed that he was only in good enough condition to play every several days, rather than every day.[102] He was eventually paid the full amount of his contract. The Astros and the insurance company settled the claim in a confidential arrangement[116] the same day he announced his retirement.[117][118]

The Astros declined to pick up Bagwell's $18 million club option for 2007, instead buying it out for $7 million.[119] He filed for free agency in November 2006 but announced his retirement one month later. Owner Drayton McLane and general manager Tim Purpura stated that he would remain in player development department of the Astros organization, as one of the assistants to the general manager.[120]

Post retirement

Bagwell (left) and Biggio (right)

Bagwell made his first public appearance at Minute Maid Park since the end of his career on June 28, 2007. Former teammate and long-time friend Biggio had just logged his 3,000th career hit in the seventh inning against the Colorado Rockies. Bagwell, who was in the dugout, emerged to congratulate him. The Astros fans, who had momentarily quieted after cheering Biggio for his achievement, erupted into cheers again the moment Biggio dragged Bagwell onto the playing field and to the first base line. "The thing with Baggy is that he and I worked so hard here for this city and for this organization", Biggio remarked. "We made so many sacrifices as far as playing the game and giving your body to a city, a team." Together, they bowed to the crowd as Bagwell raised Biggio's arm and returned to the dugout.[121] Biggio was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2015.[122]

The Houston Astros officially retired Bagwell's jersey number 5 on August 26, 2007, prior to the start of a game versus the Pittsburgh Pirates. He was the eighth player in Astros history to have his number retired.[123] Yastrzemski, Bagwell's childhood hero, delivered a special message: "Congratulations, Jeff, on your number being retired. I begged the Red Sox not to trade you when you were in the minors with us. Boston's loss was Houston's gain. See you in Cooperstown." Three first bases were used in the game, each embossed with a commemorative insignia and inscription, "No. 5, Jeff Bagwell jersey retirement, Aug. 26, 2007." One was given to Bagwell and the other two were auctioned to raise funds on behalf of the Astros in Action Foundation.[2]

In 2009, Bagwell received the Bill Shea Distinguished Little League Graduate Award.[124]

As hitting coach and instructor

As part of a personal services contract Bagwell signed with the Astros, he served as a coach in spring training of 2007.[125]

On July 11, 2010, the Astros hired Bagwell to be their hitting coach, replacing Sean Berry. At the time of the switch the Astros had the second-worst average (.237) in the majors and the worst OBP (.295).[126] At the end of the season, the team marginally improved but were still last in the league in OBP (.303) and SLG (.362)[127] and Bagwell announced he would not return as hitting coach.[128]

After a five-year gap in contact with the Astros organization,[129] Bagwell accepted a formal invitation from manager A. J. Hinch to be a guest instructor in spring training of 2015.[130]

Hall of Fame consideration

Jeff Bagwell's number 5 was retired by the Houston Astros in 2007.

Eligible for induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame for the first time in 2011, speculation abounded that some baseball writers have refrained from voting for Bagwell on the premise that he used performance-enhancing drugs, since most of his playing career took place during what is commonly referred to as "the steroid era."[131] In spite of the speculation, no concrete evidence has surfaced linking him to the use of performance-enhancing drugs;[4][132] the closest to evidence that exist is reports that surfaced that he disclosed using of androstenedione to a Houston Chronicle reporter in 1998. This report surfaced at a time when neither the FDA nor MLB had banned its widespread use around the game.[61] Bagwell has not been connected with any of the 104 positive samples in the 2003 survey tests that were leaked.[80] Neither was he summonsed for interview nor among the 89 players named in the Mitchell Report released in 2007.[4][133]

Commented longtime former Atlanta Braves manager Bobby Cox on Bagwell – who opposed him from the dugout for the entirety of his career, including numerous times in the playoffs: "Jeff Bagwell was [in Houston] for so long and starred every year. For me a guy that dominated like that for one team, even in the league stats through the years. His are up there with anybody's. I would put him in right away. So he would get my vote on the first ballot."[134] Still, in spite of the speculation that Bagwell used performance-enhancing drugs, San Francisco Chronicle sportswriter Bruce Jenkins opined that Bagwell did not have the credentials to be in the Hall of Fame. In July 2015, he acknowledged "that many are suspicious of Bagwell—without proof, as you say. I've always voted for the best players—Bonds, McGwire, Clemens, etc.—so that's not a factor for me. I always found Bagwell just a bit short of Hall of Fame material."[3]

In 2011, Bagwell received 242 votes, or 41.7 percent of total ballots cast; the threshold for entry is 75 percent.[135] In his second year on the ballot, he received 321 votes, or 56.0 percent of the ballots cast.[136] In 2016, he received his highest percentage of the vote to that time, 71.6%.[137]

Highlights

Per Baseball-Reference.com, Bagwell's 79.6 Wins Above Replacement (WAR) rank sixth-most all-time among first basemen, trailing only Lou Gehrig, Albert Pujols, Jimmie Foxx, Cap Anson and Roger Connor.[138] Bagwell is fourth among those who have played since 1900, and the only first baseman with a higher WAR since World War II is Pujols.[80][139] In the final 12 seasons of Bagwell's career, Houston finished in first or second place in the National League Central division in 11 times, winning four division titles and qualifying for the playoffs six times, culminating in his lone World Series appearance in 2005.[140] He spent the first nine of seasons of his career (1991–99) playing home games at the Astrodome, notorious for its reputation as the toughest park in which to hit when baseball was still played there. However, during those nine years, his production was nearly identical at home (.303 average/.421 OBP/.546 SLG) as it was on the road (.305 average/.412 OBP/.544 SLG). In that same period of time, his 160 OPS+ was fourth behind Bonds, McGwire and Frank Thomas; his 56.7 WAR third to Bonds and Ken Griffey, Jr.[80] From 1994–2000, a span including his age-26 through age-32 seasons, he averaged 41 home runs and 41 doubles per 162 games while batting .309, .433 OBP, and .593 SLG for a 167 OPS+.[141]

Over his career, Bagwell batted at least .300 six times, amassed a 1.000 OPS five times, collected at least 30 home runs eight times, 100 RBI eight times, 100 runs scored nine times, and 100 walks seven times. He is the only player in history to achieve six consecutive seasons (1996–2001) with each of 30 home runs, 100 RBI, 100 runs scored, and 100 walks. Except for the 100 walks, only five other players in history have achieved the other three benchmarks in six consecutive seasons: Foxx, Gehrig, Ruth, Alex Rodriguez and Pujols. Bagwell had seven seasons with 30 home runs and 100 walks; the only players with more are Gehrig, Ruth, Williams, Jim Thome and Thomas.[138]

As of 2016, Bagwell's .948 OPS ranked 21st all-time and 10th among right-handed hitters. His .408 career OBP was ranked 39th all-time, tied for 11th among right-handed hitters, 10th among first basemen, and fourth among right-handed first basemen. He is one of 12 players in MLB history to hit at 400 home runs and attain an OBP of at least .400. The only National League first baseman to reach the 30–30 club, he is the only first baseman in history to do it twice, and is the only first baseman to reach both 400 home runs and 200 stolen bases. He is just one of 21 players in history to win both a Rookie of the Year Award and MVP. His 1,529 RBI during the span of his playing career ranked second in the Majors and first among right-handed hitters, 1,517 runs scored ranked second, 449 home runs and 2,150 games played ranked fifth. He was in the top ten in the MVP voting five times. From 1994–2003, he led his position in stolen bases, doubles, hits, runs, walks and extra-base hits, was second in games and RBI and third in home runs.[138] He is the Astros' all-time leader in HR and RBI and the only Astro to win an MVP.[4]

In addition to gaining over 200 stolen bases in his career, Bagwell contributed significantly around the field as a whole and displayed prodigious instincts. During one series against Pittsburgh in 1994, the Pirates shifted while he batted, and Bagwell responded with seven opposite-field hits.[46] A standout defender at first base, he won the 1994 Gold Glove Award and developed a reputation as such with through the eye-test and advanced metrics.[141] Remarked Sporting News, "he's an extraordinary fielder who excels at charging bunts and throwing runners out at second and third. Although he has average speed, he's one of the game's smartest baserunners. ..."[49] According to Baseball-Reference, he contributed 54 runs higher than the average first baseman over the course of his career. On the basepaths, he was a plus base-runner, with 31 runs above average per Baseball-Reference, a 72.1 percent stolen base success rate, and he took the extra base almost half the time.[141] From 1999–2000, his 295 runs scored led the major leagues and set a National League two-season record.[82]

Awards and honors

Award # of Times Dates Refs
Associated Press Player of the Year 1 1994 [6]
Baseball America Rookie of the Year 1 1991 [29]
Darryl Kile Good Guy Award 1 2003 [142]
Eastern College Athletic Conference Player of the Year 2 1988, 1989 [6]
Eastern League Most Valuable Player 1 1990 [7]
ESPY Award for Best Breakthrough Athlete 1 1995
ESPY Award for Best Major League Baseball Player 1 1995 [143]
Home Run Derby participant 4 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999 [144]
Houston Astros Most Valuable Player 6 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2000 [144]
Major League Baseball All-Star 4 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999 [34][58]
National League Most Valuable Player 1 1994 [44]
National League Player of the Month 5 May 1993, June 1994, July 1994, May 1996, July 2001 [33][54]
National League Player of the Week 6 May 23, 1993; June 19, 1994; June 26, 1994;
July 24, 1994; April 27, 1997; August 13, 2000		 [33]
National League Rookie of the Year 1 1991 [27]
New England Player of the Year 6 1993, 1994, 1997, 1999–2001 [6]
Players Choice Award for National League Outstanding Player 1 1994
Rawlings Gold Glove Award at first base 1 1994
Silver Slugger Award at first base 3 1994, 1997, 1999 [145]
Sporting News Player of the Year 1 1994
Sporting News Rookie of the Year 1 1991
Honors

Statistical achievements

League leader board appearances
Category NL leader NL top ten Career
total		 MLB rank
while active
× Seasons × Seasons
Adjusted batting wins 1 1994 10 1991–2000 58.8 3rd[146]
Adjusted OPS+ 1 1994 9 1991, 1993–2000 149 5th[147]
At bats per home run 1 1994 4 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000
Batting average 3 1993, 1994, 1996 .297 9th[148]
Bases on balls 1 1999 12 1991, 1992, 1994–2002, 2004 1,401 3rd[149]
Double plays grounded into 7 1992–94, 1999–2001, 2003 221 3rd[150]
Doubles 1 1996 5 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2001 488 3rd[151]
Extra base hits 1 1994 6 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999–2001 969 3rd[152]
Games played 4 1992, 1996, 1997, 1999 9 1991, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1999–2003 2,150 5th[153]
Hit by pitch 1 1991 7 1991, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2002 128 9th[154]
Hits 1 1994 2,314 3rd[155]
Home runs 7 1994, 1997–2001, 2003 449 5th[156]
Intentional bases on balls 7 1992, 1994–97, 1999, 2000 155 6th[157]
Offensive win percentage 1 1994 7 1994–2000 79.6 3rd[158]
On-base percentage 8 1991, 1994–2000 .408 5th[159]
On-base plus slugging 1 1994 7 1993, 1994, 1996–2000 .948 6th[160]
Plate appearances 9 1991, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1999–2003 9,431 3rd[161]
Runs batted in 1 1994 7 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999–2001 1,529 2nd[162]
Runs created 1 1994 7 1991, 1994, 1996–2000 1,788 2nd[163]
Runs scored 3 1994, 1999, 2000 8 1992, 1994, 1997–2001, 2003 1,517 3rd[164]
Sacrifice flies 1 1992 6 1992–1995, 1997, 2002 102 2nd[165]
Slugging percentage 1 1994 6 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000 .540 6th[166]
Strikeouts 2 1991, 1997 1,558 3rd[167]
Times on base 3 1994, 1996, 1999 10 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996–2002 3,843 2nd[168]
Total bases 1 1994 7 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999–2001, 2003 4,213 4th[169]
Houston Astros leader board appearances[170]
Category Single season record Single season top ten Career
total		 Astros
rank
Total Season × Seasons
Adjusted batting wins 7.0 1996 4 1994 (6.4), 1997, 1999, 1998 58.8 1st
Adjusted OPS+ 213 1994 3 1996 (178), 1997, 1999 149 1st
At bats per home run 10.3 1994 2 1997 (13.2), 1999 17.4 4th
Batting average .368 1994 .297 3rd–t
Bases on balls 149 1999 4 1996 (135), 1997, 1998, 2000 1,401 1st
Double plays grounded into 1 2003 (25) 221 1st
Doubles 1 1996 (48) 488 2nd
Extra base hits 5 2001 (86), 1997, 2000, 1996, 1999 969 2nd
Games played 162–t 1992, 1996, 1997, 1999 2,150 2nd
Hit by pitch 1 1997 (16) 128 2nd
Hits 2,314 2nd
Home runs 47 2000 5 1997 (43), 1999, 1994, 2001, 2003 449 1st
Intentional bases on balls 27 1997 1 1996 (20) 155 1st
Offensive win percentage .858 1994 4 1996 (.792), 1997, 1999, 1998 .721 3rd
On-base percentage .454 1999 5 1996, 1994 (2× .451), 1997, 1998, 2000 .408 2nd
On-base plus slugging 1.201 1994 4 1999 (1.045), 2000, 1996, 1997 .948 3rd
Plate appearances 5 1999 (729), 1996, 2000, 1997, 2001 9,431 2nd
Runs batted in 5 1997 (135), 2000, 2001, 1999, 1996 1,529 1st
Runs created 161 1999 3 1996, 2000 (2× 156), 1997 1,788 2nd
Runs scored 152 2000 3 1999 (143), 2001, 1998 1,517 2nd
Sacrifice flies 13–t 1992 1 1994 (10) 102 1st
Slugging percentage .750 1994 3 2000 (.615), 1997, 1999 .540 3rd
Stolen bases 202 6th
Strikeouts 1 2001 (135) 1,558 2nd
Times on base 331 1999 4 1996 (324), 1997, 2000, 2001 3,843 2nd
Total bases 363 2000 3 2001 (341), 1997, 1999 4,213 2nd
Wins Above Replacement 4 1994 (8.2), 1997, 1996, 1999 79.6 1st

Various accomplishments

Other distinctions
Event x Duration Total Date(s) Refs
MLB record streak of 30 home runs, 100 RBI, 100 runs scored, and 100 walks in a season 6 seasons 1996–2001 [138]
One of 12 players in MLB history to hit 400 home runs with a .400 OBP Career [138]
Only first baseman in MLB history to achieve 400 home runs and 200 stolen bases Career [138]
    		 National League for record runs scored 2 seasons 295 1999–2000 [82]
    MLB record for doubles 1 1 game 4 June 14, 1996 [55]
    MLB record for bases on balls 1 1 game 6 August 20, 1999 [3][71]
    Houston Astros' record for home runs 1 month 13 June 1994 [33]
    Astrodome record for home runs 1 season 23 1994 [33]
    30–30 club member 2 1 season 1997, 1999
    Hit for the cycle 1 1 game July 18, 2001 [85]
    3 home runs in a game 3 1 game June 24, 1994
    April 21, 1999
    June 9, 1999    		 [33]
    [68]

    Personal life

    In his post-playing career, Jeff Bagwell has spent much of his time with his family while sporadically taking coaching and special assignment positions for the Astros. He is married to Rachel Bagwell, his third wife, with whom he has five children in a blended family. Rachel had three children prior to meeting Jeff.[3] Before his marriage to Rachel, Jeff had two daughters, Blake and Bryce.[171] Jeff was formerly married[3] first to model Shaune Bagwell (née Stauffer) in 1992,[1][172] and then to Ericka Bagwell, with whom he had his two daughters.[171][173] Rachel is the widow of Greater Houston-area hand surgeon Dr. Michael Brown, the owner and founder of Brown Hand Center.[39] The Browns had two children from their marriage. Legal issues plagued Dr. Brown, including Dr. Brown being acquitted of felony assault in 2011 in connection with a 2010 domestic quarrel at their home.[174][175]

    Bagwell's agent is Barry Axelrod.[2]

    Darryl Kile, a former teammate with the Astros, died of a heart attack on June 22, 2002 while an active player for the Cardinals, before a game against the Cubs.[176] The Darryl Kile Good Guy Award was established in his honor, annually for one player on both the Cardinals and the Astros. Bagwell was the first recipient for the Astros in 2003.[142] Ken Caminiti, another former teammate of Bagwell's, died on October 10, 2004. Bagwell delivered a eulogy at his funeral.[177]

    See also

    References

    Footnotes

    • a Frank Thomas, the American League MVP in 1994, shares the same birthday as Bagwell.[80] Their clubs would face each other in the 2005 World Series, but Bagwell's ability to play was significally limited and Thomas did not appear in that year's postseason.[70]
    • b The topic of the use of androstenedione drew substantially increased attention in 1998 during McGwire's and Sammy Sosa's chase of Roger Maris' home run record of 61. McGwire had openly admitted to using just weeks after Bagwell had done so.[178] At the time, androstenedione was a substance of widespread consumption around the major leagues, as the FDA did not prohibit its use; MLB likewise had not found reason to do so. However, it was then already classified as an anabolic steroid and thus banned by the International Olympic Committee, the NFL and the NCAA.[61] In 2004, MLB announced they had listed androstenedione as a banned substance in accordance with their drug policy.[179] In April 2004, the FDA sent letters to 23 pharmaceutical drug companies ordering them to stop distributing products sold as dietary supplements that contain androstenedione.[180]

    Source notes

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ryan, Bill (August 28, 1994). "Sergeant, mom, her dream is still Fenway Park". The New York Times. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
    2. 1 2 3 Footer, Alyson (August 26, 2007). "Bagwell's No. 5 lifted to the rafters". MLB.com. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Erion, Greg (September 17, 2015). "Jeff Bagwell". Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
    4. 1 2 3 4 Otterbein, Jeff (January 6, 2016). "Is this the year Connecticut's Jeff Bagwell reaches Cooperstown?". Hartford Courant. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
    5. ↑ Staff (August 24, 2007). "Astros to retire Bagwell's number on Sunday". UNotes Daily. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
    6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 "Jeff Bagwell player page bio". MLB.com. Retrieved February 28, 2016.
    7. 1 2 "Season-ending awards: Eastern League awards". MiLB.com. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
    8. ↑ "1990 New Britain Red Sox". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
    9. ↑ "1990 Eastern League batting leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
    10. ↑ Miller, Randy (August 31, 2015). "Phillies' Larry Andersen involved in 1 of baseball's worst-ever trades 25 years ago today". NJ.com. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
    11. ↑ Mullen, Dan (July 22, 2015). "Most lopsided MLB trades in recent memory". WLS-TV (ABC 7 Chicago News). Retrieved February 16, 2016.
    12. ↑ Page 2 staff (July 30, 2001). "The List: Readers pick most lopsided trades". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on August 20, 2011. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
    13. 1 2 Chass, Murray (November 4, 1990). "Baseball; players said to hit collusion jackpot". The New York Times. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
    14. ↑ Simmons, Bill (November 22, 2005). "Ten things I like about Josh". ESPN.com. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
    15. ↑ Gorman, Lou (2005). One Pitch from Glory: A Decade of Running the Red Sox. Champaign, Illinois: Sports Publishing. ISBN 159670067X.
    16. ↑ "Scott Cooper register statistics & history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    17. ↑ "Tim Naehring register statistics & history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    18. ↑ Cohen, Robert W. (2012). The 50 Most Dynamic Duos in Sports History: Baseball, Basketball, Football, and Hockey. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810885565.
    19. ↑ de Jesús Ortíz, José (January 29, 2014). "Astros great Berkman retiring after 15-year career". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
    20. ↑ Shea, John (July 4, 2004). "Astros on shaky ground: Clemens, solid lineup haven't sent them atop NL Central". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
    21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Verducci, Tom (July 19, 1999). "One of a kind: A self-made slugger with a screwy stance, Houston's uniquely gifted Jeff Bagwell is Mr. Indispensable". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
    22. 1 2 Campbell, Steve (July 27, 2009). "Next hurdle for Bagwell: Entry to Cooperstown, ‘B' all, end Hall?". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
    23. ↑ Windal, Tim (August 2, 1994). "The swing is the thing". USA Today Baseball Weekly: 36.
    24. 1 2 3 Murray, Jim (May 12, 1994). "He's best you never heard of". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    25. ↑ "Rolling the Dice". The Sporting News. April 15, 1991. p. 10.
    26. ↑ Bailey, Chip (October 28, 2012). "Lyles, Martínez progressed quickly, but will they become impact players?". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
    27. 1 2 3 4 Rajan, Greg (November 6, 2015). "Astros rewind: Jeff Bagwell wins NL Rookie of the Year award". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
    28. ↑ "Baseball: Cleveland, scoring 15 more runs, makes A's look like the Indians". The New York Times. Associated Press. May 6, 1991. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    29. 1 2 "Baseball America awards". Baseball America. July 20, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
    30. ↑ Montville, Leigh (July 26, 1993). "Trade deficit Jeff Bagwell has proved by trading him to the Astros, the Red Sox made a Ruthian blunder". Sports Illustrated 79 (4): 44–48.
    31. ↑ McTaggart, Brian (January 6, 2014). "Hall hopeful Bagwell content as family man: Astros great discusses life away from baseball, Wednesday's announcement". MLB.com. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
    32. ↑ Chass, Murray (February 15, 1994). "Baseball: A title is diminished but the salary soars". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Marbach, Jason (November 3, 2015). "The greatest seasons in Astros history: Jeff Bagwell, 1994". SB Nation The Crawfish Boxes. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
    34. 1 2 Smith, Claire (July 12, 1994). "Baseball: Not simply statistics as Key has starter role". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    35. 1 2 3 4 "Jeff Bagwell 1994 batting splits". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
    36. ↑ "AL All-Stars (7) at NL All-Stars (8)". Baseball-Reference.com. July 12, 1994. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
    37. ↑ "National League roundup: Astros' Bagwell surpasses 100-RBI mark". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. July 27, 1994. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    38. 1 2 3 Hulsey, Bob (August 5, 1994). "Bagwell caps MVP season". www.astrosdaily.com. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
    39. 1 2 Barron, David (August 9, 2014). "By every measure, Bagwell was a beacon of greatness in 1994: Stockpiling statistics aside, Bagwell kept a tidy clubhouse". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
    40. ↑ Levine, Zachary (June 9, 2012). "Astros’ top 50 moments: 1994 strike ends promising season". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
    41. ↑ Goldstein, Richard (June 16, 2014). "Tony Gwynn, Hall of Fame batting champion, dies at 54 of cancer". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 16, 2014.
    42. 1 2 "The Ballplayers – Jeff Bagwell". Baseball Library. Retrieved November 27, 2008.
    43. ↑ Campbell, Steve (January 25, 2012). "Best individual seasons in Astros history? The envelopes, please". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
    44. 1 2 Thomas, Jr., Robert McG. (October 28, 1994). "Bagwell's latest stat: All the M.V.P. votes". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    45. ↑ Staff and wire reports (November 23, 1994). "Astros sign Bagwell, hire Smith". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    46. 1 2 3 Newhan, Ross (June 23, 1996). "Bagwell only wants to have a hand in it". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    47. ↑ Neyer, Rob (2008). Rob Neyer's Big Book of Baseball Legends: The Truth, the Lies, and Everything Else. New York City: Touchstone. ISBN 0743284909.
    48. ↑ "National League roundup: Bagwell, Astros get satisfaction". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. July 28, 1995. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    49. 1 2 3 4 Granillo, Larry (January 8, 2013). "Wezen-Ball". Baseball Prospectus. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
    50. 1 2 Smith, John (December 16, 2006). "Stats alone no measure of this man". Houston Chronicle: 1. |section= ignored (help)
    51. 1 2 Perry, Dayn (December 23, 2012). "Remembering the 'Killer B's'". CBSSports.com. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
    52. 1 2 3 4 de Jesús Ortíz, José (November 26, 2002). "Bagwell turns to weight room to regain shoulder strength". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
    53. ↑ "Jeff Bagwell through the years (1996)". Houston Chronicle. January 4, 2011. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    54. 1 2 UPI (June 3, 1996). "Bagwell captures NL Award for May". United Press International. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
    55. 1 2 Rajan, Greg (February 25, 2015). "Houston athletes own some interesting records". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
    56. ↑ Neyer, Rob (July 8, 2003). "Dierker much more than your average manager". ESPN.com. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
    57. ↑ "Bagwell's 1,000th hit leads Astros, 9–5". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. May 20, 1997. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    58. 1 2 "Braves have plenty left in reserves". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. July 3, 1997. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    59. ↑ Drape, Joe (September 27, 1997). "A company man succeeds as Astros' manager". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    60. ↑ Brown, Clifton (October 4, 1997). "Smoltz is overwhelming as Braves finish off Astros". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    61. 1 2 3 Knack, William; Kennedy, Kostya (August 31, 1998). "Scorecard". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
    62. ↑ "Bagwell has a career day in 13–7 victory". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. September 9, 1998. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    63. ↑ Swydan, Paul (May 17, 2013). "The 1998 Astros were pretty good at hitting". Fangraphs. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
    64. ↑ Newhan, Ross (October 5, 1998). "Once again, Biggio Bagwell and Bell are wannabes in playoffs". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
    65. ↑ Newhan, Ross (September 30, 1998). "Powerful Astros are shut down by a Brown out". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
    66. ↑ Diamos, Jason (October 5, 1998). "Padres defeat Johnson; next up are the Braves". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    67. ↑ "1999 Houston Astros: Batting, pitching, & fielding statistics". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
    68. 1 2 "Bagwell is at his best with three homers". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. April 22, 1999. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    69. 1 2 "Baseball time in Arlington: The penultimate killing of the year". Bbtia.com. September 28, 2011. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
    70. 1 2 3 Kamka, Chris (April 12, 2015). "Thomas, Bagwell share 2005 World Series connection". Comcast SportsNet Chicago. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
    71. 1 2 "Jeff Bagwell 1999 batting game log". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
    72. ↑ Battista, Judy (November 18, 1999). "45 homers, .319, 110 R.B.I. add up to M.V.P. for Jones". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    73. ↑ Brown, Clifton (October 6, 1999). "Astros get jump on Braves' Maddux, then pull away". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    74. ↑ Brown, Clifton (October 10, 1999). "As usual, Astros fail and Braves advance". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    75. ↑ Kroichik, Ron (March 31, 2000). "In the shadows: Jeff Bagwell looms large in a jaunt through the game's less-trampled territory". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
    76. ↑ "Fans rave about Astros' new park". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. March 31, 2000. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    77. ↑ "Bagwell's homer leads Astros to road victory". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. June 10, 2000. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    78. ↑ "Bagwell cranks Astro lineup to full power". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. August 14, 2000. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    79. ↑ "Jeff Bagwell Appreciation Day". houston.astros.mlb.com. April 6, 2007. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
    80. 1 2 3 4 5 Jaffe, Jay (December 1, 2015). "JAWS and the 2016 Hall of Fame ballot: Jeff Bagwell". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
    81. ↑ "Player page: Jeff Bagwell". Roto World. December 15, 2006. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
    82. 1 2 3 "Treasures from Cooperstown coming to Capital region for Tri-City Valleycats game on Saturday". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum (baseballhall.org). June 24, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
    83. ↑ "$85-million extension for Bagwell". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. December 20, 2000. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    84. ↑ "Homers power Astro victory". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. July 14, 2001. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    85. 1 2 Duarte, Joseph (July 18, 2001). "Astros outslug Cards: Bagwell hits for cycle". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    86. ↑ "Houston Astros 17, St. Louis Cardinals 11: Game played on Wednesday, July 18, 2001 (N) at Enron Field". Retrosheet (retrosheet.org). Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    87. ↑ Brown, Clifton (October 10, 2001). "Astros eager to reverse playoff failure". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    88. ↑ "2001 NL Division Series (3–0): Atlanta Braves (88–74) over Houston Astros (93–69)". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    89. ↑ UPI (October 25, 2001). "Jeff Bagwell to have surgery". United Press International. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
    90. 1 2 Justice, Richard (May 10, 2005). "Bagwell reaches limit of pain". Houston Chronicle.
    91. ↑ Murphy, Michael (August 29, 2002). "Young patient makes wish, and Bagwell delivers: A homer for Stephen". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
    92. ↑ "Bagwell reaches 2,000 career hits". ESPN.com. Associated Press. April 26, 2003. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    93. ↑ Lilly, Brandon (June 12, 2003). "Astros seem a bit baffled by their odd no-hitter". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    94. ↑ "Bagwell belts way to 400". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. July 21, 2003. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    95. ↑ Marron, Jim (August 20, 2003). "The List: Underrated current athletes". ESPN.com. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
    96. ↑ "Furcal drives in winning run in 11th". ESPN.com. Associated Press. October 8, 2004. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
    97. ↑ Glier, Ray (October 12, 2004). "Powered by Beltran, Astros break through in playoffs". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    98. ↑ Jenkins, Lee (October 13, 2004). "Finally, Bagwell and Astros advance". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    99. ↑ McCalvy, Adam (October 12, 2004). "Beltran leads swarm of Killer B's". MLB.com. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
    100. ↑ "Rolen's homer off Rocket helps Cards win Game 7". ESPN.com. October 22, 2004. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    101. ↑ Footer, Alyson (February 10, 2005). "Veterans inducted into Texas Sports Hall of Fame". houston.astros.mlb.com. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
    102. 1 2 ESPN.com news services (March 26, 2006). "Bagwell acknowledges he might 'never play again'". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on August 17, 2007. Retrieved November 27, 2008.
    103. 1 2 de Jesús Ortíz, José (August 15, 2015). "Astros' 2005 World Series team relives the good old days". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
    104. 1 2 3 Vecsey, George (October 22, 2005). "Joy and pain for 3 veterans in first Series". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    105. ↑ UPI (September 9, 2005). "Bagwell activated, has limitations". United Press International. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
    106. ↑ Staff and wire reports (October 19, 2005). "First World Series awaits Astros". USA Today. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
    107. ↑ "Oswalt launches Astros past Cardinals, into World Series". ESPN.com. Associated Press. October 22, 2005. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    108. ↑ Rogers, Phil (October 28, 2015). "10 years ago, White Sox had historic run". MLB.com. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
    109. 1 2 McTaggart, Brian (December 7, 2005). "Lifetime Achievement Award: Biggio and Bagwell". Baseball America. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
    110. 1 2 Duncan, Chris (January 24, 2006). "Astros intend to file insurance claim on Bagwell". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
    111. ↑ Tribune news services (February 2, 2006). "Astros file insurance claim on Bagwell's salary". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
    112. 1 2 Footer, Alyson; Molony, Jim (April 17, 2006). "Astros file suit over Bagwell insurance". MLB.com. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
    113. 1 2 de Jesús Ortíz, José (March 28, 2006). "Bagwell insurance claim denied". Houston Chronicle.
    114. ↑ Chass, Murray (February 2, 2006). "Astros' insurance plan to keep Bagwell away". The New York Times. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
    115. ↑ "Bagwell to start season on DL". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. March 26, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    116. ↑ McTaggart, Brian (December 2006). "Insurance settlement reached". Houston Chronicle.
    117. ↑ Footer, Alyson (December 15, 2006). "Astros settle insurance claim: Team had been seeking relief over Bagwell's contract". MLB.com. Archived from the original on April 8, 2008. Retrieved November 27, 2008.
    118. ↑ González, Gloria (December 18, 2006). "Astros, CIGNA settle Bagwell claim". Business Insurance. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
    119. ↑ McTaggart, Brian (October 31, 2006). "Astros decline to sign Bagwell for 2007: His agent says Bagwell has no plans to announce his retirement". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
    120. ↑ Footer, Alyson (November 11, 2006). "Bagwell files for free agency; Astros set to keep former first baseman in some capacity". MLB.com. Archived from the original on April 8, 2008. Retrieved November 27, 2008.
    121. ↑ de Jesús Ortíz, José (June 29, 2007). "3000! Biggio reaches career hit milestone". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    122. ↑ Bloom, Barry M. (January 7, 2015). "Big Unit, Pedro, Smoltz, Biggio make Hall of Fame: Writers elect four players to Cooperstown for first time since 1955". MLB.com. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
    123. 1 2 Footer, Alyson (April 7, 2007). "Astros to retire Bagwell's No. 5". MLB.com. Archived from the original on April 8, 2008. Retrieved November 27, 2008.
    124. ↑ "Former National League MVP Jeff Bagwell to receive Bill Shea Distinguished Little League Graduate Award". www.littleleague.org. May–August 2009. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
    125. ↑ Duncan, Chris (February 26, 2007). "Jeff Bagwell adjusting to retired life". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
    126. ↑ "Bagwell named Astros hitting coach". ESPN.com. Associated Press. July 11, 2010. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
    127. ↑ "2010 Houston Astros batting, pitching & fielding statistics". Baseball-Reference.com. Archived from the original on September 22, 2013. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
    128. ↑ "Jeff Bagwell not returning to Houston Astros as hitting coach". ESPN. October 23, 2010. Archived from the original on October 24, 2011. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
    129. ↑ de Jesús Ortíz, José (December 30, 2014). "Jeff Bagwell open to return to Astros organization". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
    130. ↑ de Jesús Ortíz, José (January 27, 2015). "Jeff Bagwell to serve as guest instructor this spring". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    131. ↑ Keri, Jonah (December 12, 2011). "What do we really know about Ryan Braun?". Grantland. Archived from the original on January 7, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2011.
    132. ↑ Kepner, Tyler (January 4, 2011). "Voting for Hall shouldn’t be guessing who's guilty". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
    133. ↑ Crasnick, Jerry (December 29, 2010). "Jeff Bagwell is a Hall of Famer". ESPN.com. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
    134. ↑ Morais, Didier (January 9, 2012). "Jeff Bagwell's achievements often overlooked, but slugger deserves Hall of Fame induction". NESN.com. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
    135. ↑ Bloom, Barry (January 5, 2011). "Cooperstown calls for Alomar, Blyleven". MLB.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2011. Retrieved January 5, 2011.
    136. ↑ Bloom, Barry (January 9, 2012). "Red Letter Day: Larkin elected to Hall of Fame". MLB.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2012. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
    137. ↑ SI Wire (January 6, 2016). "Mike Piazza, Ken Griffey Jr. headline 2016 Hall of Fame class". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
    138. 1 2 3 4 5 6 de Jesús Ortíz, José (January 6, 2016). "Jeff Bagwell falls short of Hall of Fame; 'I’ll wait my time,' he says". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
    139. ↑ "First base JAWS leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
    140. ↑ "Houston Astros team history & encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
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    142. 1 2 Johnson, Chuck (June 17, 2003). "Ex-teammates make effort to keep late pitcher's memory alive". USA Today. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
    143. ↑ The 2007 ESPN Sports Almanac. ESPN Books. 2008. p. 529. ISBN 1-933060-38-7.
    144. 1 2 "Jeff Bagwell stats, highlights, bio". MiLB.com. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
    145. ↑ "Louisville Silver Slugger Awards". Louisville Silver Slugger. Retrieved February 16, 2016.
    146. ↑ "Spanning multiple seasons or entire careers, from 1991 to 2005, sorted by greatest adjusted batting wins". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
    147. ↑ "Spanning multiple seasons or entire careers, from 1991 to 2005 (requiring at least 7500 plate appearances), sorted by greatest adjusted OPS+". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
    148. ↑ "Spanning multiple seasons or entire careers, from 1991 to 2005 (requiring at least 7500 plate appearances), sorted by greatest batting average". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
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    152. ↑ "Spanning multiple seasons or entire careers, from 1991 to 2005, sorted by greatest extra base hits". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
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    174. ↑ Tolson, Mike (May 15, 2012). "Rachel Brown testifies she and Jeff Bagwell attending Hawaii wedding". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
    175. ↑ KHOU staff (November 8, 2013). "Former hand doctor Michael Brown dies two weeks after suicide attempt". KHOU.com. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
    176. ↑ "Baseball: Coroner verifies the cause of Kile's death as natural". The New York Times. July 17, 2002. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
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