Jeremiah Denton

Jeremiah Denton
United States Senator from Alabama
In office January 2, 1981 – January 3, 1987
Preceded by	Donald Stewart
Succeeded by	Richard Shelby
Personal details
Born	Jeremiah Andrew Denton, Jr. July 15, 1924 Mobile, Alabama, U.S.
Died	March 28, 2014 (aged 89) Virginia Beach, Virginia, U.S.
Resting place	Arlington National Cemetery
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Katherine Jane Maury (1946–2007, her death)
Alma mater	Spring Hill College United States Naval Academy National Defense University Naval War College George Washington University
Religion	Roman Catholic
Awards	Navy Cross Defense Distinguished Service Medal Navy Distinguished Service Medal Silver Star (3) Distinguished Flying Cross Bronze Star Medal (V) Air Medal Navy Commendation Medal (V) Purple Heart Combat Action Ribbon Prisoner of War Medal
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Service/branch	United States Navy
Rank	Rear Admiral
Battles/wars	Vietnam War

Jeremiah Andrew Denton, Jr. (July 15, 1924 – March 28, 2014) was a Rear Admiral and Naval Aviator in the United States Navy and U.S. Senator representing Alabama. As a Naval pilot during the Vietnam War, Denton is widely known for having been shot down over enemy territory — and for enduring almost eight years under grueling conditions as a prisoner of war (POW) in North Vietnam.

Ten months into his confinement (1965-1973) as one of the highest-ranking officers to be taken prisoner in Vietnam, Denton was forced by his captors to participate in a 1966 televised propaganda interview, broadcast in the United States. While answering questions and feigning trouble with the blinding television lights, Denton blinked his eyes in Morse code, spelling the word "TORTURE" — and confirming for the first time to U.S. Office of Naval Intelligence that American POWs were in fact being tortured.

In 1976, Denton wrote When Hell was in Session about his experience in captivity, which was made into the 1979 film with Hal Holbrook. Denton was also the subject of the 2015 documentary Jeremiah produced by Alabama Public Television.

Early life and military career

Denton was born in Mobile, Alabama, the oldest of three brothers, and the son of Jeremiah, Sr. and Irene (Steele) Denton.^[1][2]

Denton attended McGill-Toolen Catholic High School and Spring Hill College in Mobile, Alabama. In June 1943, he entered the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, and graduated three years later in the accelerated Class of 1947. His 34-year naval career included service on a variety of ships and on aircraft, including airships (blimps). His principal field of endeavor was naval operations. He also served as a test pilot, flight instructor, and commanding officer of an attack squadron flying the A-6 Intruder.

In 1957, he was credited with revolutionizing naval strategy and tactics for nuclear war as architect of the "Haystack Concept." This strategy called for concealing aircraft carriers from radar by intermingling with commercial shipping and avoiding formations suggestive of a naval fleet. The strategy was simulated in maneuvers and demonstrated effectiveness, allowing two aircraft carrier fleets thirty-five simulated atomic launches before aggressor aircraft and submarines could repel them.^[3] He went on to serve on the staff of the Commander, U.S. Sixth Fleet at the rank of Commander (O-5) as Fleet Air Defense Officer.

Denton graduated from the Armed Forces Staff College and the Naval War College, where his thesis on international affairs received top honors by earning the prestigious President's Award. In 1964, he received the degree of Master of Arts in International Affairs from George Washington University in Washington, D.C.

Prisoner of war

Denton served as a United States Naval Aviator during the Vietnam War and was the Commanding Officer of Attack Squadron Seventy-Five (VA-75) aboard the aircraft carrier USS Independence (CVA-62). On July 18, 1965, then-Commander Denton was flying an A-6A Intruder (Bureau Number 151577) off the Independence with Lieutenant (JG) Bill Tschudy, his navigator/bombardier, leading twenty-eight planes on a bombing mission. They ejected when their jet was shot down over the city of Thanh Hoa in North Vietnam, and were captured and taken prisoner by the North Vietnamese.

Denton and Tschudy were both held as prisoners of war for almost eight years, four of which were spent in solitary confinement. Denton was notable for his leadership during the Hanoi March in July 1966, when he and over 50 American prisoners were paraded through the streets of Hanoi and beaten by North Vietnamese civilians.^[4] Denton is best known from this period of his life for the 1966 televised press conference in which he was forced to participate as an American POW by his North Vietnamese captors. He used the opportunity to communicate successfully and to confirm for the first time to the U.S. Office of Naval Intelligence and Americans that American POWs were being tortured in North Vietnam. He repeatedly blinked his eyes in Morse code during the interview, spelling out "T-O-R-T-U-R-E". He was also questioned about his support for the U.S. war in Vietnam, to which he replied: "I don't know what is happening, but whatever the position of my government is, I support it fully. Whatever the position of my government, I believe in it, yes sir. I am a member of that government, and it is my job to support it, and I will as long as I live."^[5] While a prisoner, he was promoted to the rank of Captain. Denton was later awarded the Navy Cross and several other decorations, mostly for heroism while a prisoner of war.

Denton was put in the "Hanoi Hilton" and the "Zoo" prison and prison camp and "Little Vegas" and "Alcatraz" prisons. In "Alcatraz", he became part of a group of American POWs known as the "Alcatraz Gang". The group consisted of James Mulligan, George Thomas Coker, George McKnight, James Stockdale, Harry Jenkins, Sam Johnson, Howard Rutledge, Robert Shumaker, Ronald Storz and Nels Tanner. They were put in "Alcatraz" and solitary confinement to separate them from other POWs because their strong resistance led other POWs in resisting their captors. "Alcatraz" was a special facility in a courtyard behind the North Vietnamese Ministry of National Defense, located about one mile away from Hoa Lo Prison. Each of the American POWs spent day and night in windowless 3-by-9-foot (0.91 m × 2.74 m) cells mostly in irons.^{[6][7][8][9][10]}

Navy Captain Denton at Clark Air Base, Philippines, shortly after his release from Hanoi in February 1973.

On February 12, 1973, both Denton and Tschudy were released in Hanoi by the North Vietnamese along with numerous other American POWs during Operation Homecoming. Stepping off the jet back home in uniform, Denton said: "We are honored to have had the opportunity to serve our country under difficult circumstances. We are profoundly grateful to our Commander-in-Chief and to our nation for this day. God bless America." The speech has a prominent place in the 1987 documentary, Dear America: Letters Home from Vietnam.

Post captivity

Denton was hospitalized briefly at the Naval Hospital Portsmouth, Virginia, and then was assigned to the staff of Commander, Naval Air Forces, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. In January 1974, Denton became the commandant of the Armed Forces Staff College, now known as the Joint Forces Staff College. He stepped down as commandant in April 1975 and continued to work at the college until June 1977.^[11] He finished his active duty service at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, and retired from the Navy on November 1, 1977 with the rank of Rear Admiral. He wrote his book in 1976, When Hell was in Session, detailing his detention as an American POW in North Vietnam.^[12] The book was later turned into a television movie of the same title, starring Hal Holbrook as Denton. He accepted a position with the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN) as a consultant to CBN founder and friend, Pat Robertson, from 1978 to 1980. During his time with CBN, both Denton and Robertson repeatedly expressed support for the Contra forces in Nicaragua. In 1981, he founded and chaired the National Forum Foundation. Through his National Forum Foundation, Denton arranged shipments of donated goods to countries in need of aid.^[13]

Political career

Denton ran as a Republican for a U.S. Senate seat from his home state of Alabama in 1980. He first easily defeated former U.S. Congressman Armistead Selden in the Republican primary. Selden was the candidate of choice of the Republican establishment in the state. He then achieved a surprise victory with 50.15 percent of the vote in November over Democrat Jim E. Folsom, Jr., who himself had defeated the incumbent, Donald W. Stewart, in the Democratic primary. In doing so, Denton became the only retired admiral elected to the United States Senate. He was the first Republican to be popularly elected in the state since the direct election of U.S. Senators began in 1914, the first Republican senator since Reconstruction to represent Alabama in the U.S. Senate, and the first Catholic to be elected to statewide office in Alabama. Compiling a conservative voting record in the U.S. Senate, Denton was featured in a 1981 article in Time Magazine called "The Admiral from Alabama".

In 1986, he narrowly lost his bid for reelection to 7th District then-Democratic Congressman Richard Shelby receiving 49.72 percent of the vote. Shelby became a Republican in 1994.

Personal life

In 2007, Denton's first wife and mother of his seven children, died — after sixty-one years of marriage.

Denton died of complications from a heart ailment at a hospice in Virginia Beach on March 28, 2014 at age 89.^[14] He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery with his wife Jane.^[15]

References

1. "United States Census, 1940," index and images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/V1PV-TV3 : accessed 28 Mar 2014), Irene S Denton, Ward 8, Mobile, Mobile City, Mobile, Alabama, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) 49-98A, sheet 8B, family 161, NARA digital publication of T627, roll 65.
2. "Alabama, County Marriages, 1809-1950," index and images, FamilySearch ( : accessed 28 Mar 2014), Jeremiah Andrew Denton and Irene Claudia Steele, 22 Aug 1922; citing Mobile County; FHL microfilm 1550499.
3. Angevine, Robert (Spring 2011). "Hiding in Plain Sight: The US Navy and Dispersed Operations Under EMCON 1956-1972". Naval War College Review 64 (2): 80–82. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
4. Stuart I. Rochester and Frederick Kiley, Honor Bound: American Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia 1961-1973 (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1998)
5. "Eyewitness". Archives.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
6. Adams, Lorraine. "Perot's Interim Partner Spent 7½ Years As Pow", Dallas Morning News, March 11, 1992. Accessed July 2, 2008. "He was one of the Alcatraz Gang – a group of eleven prisoners of war who were separated because they were leaders of the prisoners' resistance."
7. Rochester, Stuart; and Kiley, Frederick. "Honor Bound: American Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia, 1961–1973", 2007, Naval Institute Press, ISBN 1-59114-738-7, via Google Books, p. 326. Accessed July 8, 2008.
8. Stockdale, James B. "George Coker for Beach Schools", letter to The Virginian-Pilot, March 26, 1996.
9. Johnston, Laurie (December 18, 1974). "Notes on People, Mao Meets Mobutu in China". The New York Times. Retrieved May 3, 2010. Dec 18, 1974
10. Kimberlin, Joanne (2008-11-11). "Our POW's: Locked up for 6 years, he unlocked a spirit inside". The Virginian Pilot (Landmark Communications). pp. 12–13. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
11. Jones, Matthew (2008-08-13). "Ex-Vietnam War POW a man committed to cooperation | HamptonRoads.com | PilotOnline.com". HamptonRoads.com. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
12. ISBN 978-1935071150
13. "Ex-senator and Vietnam POW who blinked "torture" in Morse code dies". CBS News. 28 March 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
14. "Jeremiah A. Denton Jr., Vietnam POW and U.S. senator, dies". The Washington Post. March 28, 2014. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
15. Adm Jeremiah Andrew Denton, Jr at Find a Grave and Jane Maury Denton at Find a Grave

External links

• Biography of Senator Denton in the Biographical Directory of the US Congress
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Admiral Jeremiah Denton Foundation
• Video of Denton's POW interview from U.S. National Archives – To find this segment specifically, choose Contents > Scenes From Hell > Denton.
• Jeremiah Denton Jr. at the Encyclopedia of Alabama
• http://www.snopes.com/politics/religion/denton.asp Article on RADM Denton not being allowed to speak before California Assembly on July 4, 2004
• Funeral Slide Show