99th United States Congress
| 99th United States Congress | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Ninety-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1985 to January 3, 1987, during the fifth and sixth years of Ronald Reagan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twentieth Census of the United States in 1980. The Republicans maintained control of the Senate, while the Democrats maintained control of the House of Representatives.
Major events
- January 20, 1985: Ronald Reagan was privately sworn in for a second term as U.S. President (publicly sworn in, January 21).
- January 28, 1986: Space Shuttle Challenger disaster: Destruction of the shuttle and death of the crew shortly after lift-off.
- April 15, 1986: Operation El Dorado Canyon: At least 15 people die after United States planes bomb targets in the Libyan capital, Tripoli, and the Benghazi region.
- October 21, 1986: The Marshall Islands achieved independence from U.S.-administered UN Trusteeship and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.
- November 3, 1986: The Federated States of Micronesia achieved independence from U.S.-administered UN Trusteeship and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.
- November 3, 1986: Iran–Contra affair: The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reported that the United States has been selling weapons to Iran in secret to secure the release of American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.
- November 4, 1986: United States general elections, 1986: Congressional Democrats regained (+8) their Senate majority (55-45), and slightly increased (+5) their House majority (258-177).
Major legislation
Main article: List of United States federal legislation
- December 12, 1985: Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Balanced Budget Act) Pub.L. 99–177 (title II)
- December 17, 1985: Gold Bullion Coin Act of 1985, Pub.L. 99–185
- April 7, 1986: Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA) Pub.L. 99–272 (including Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act)
- May 19, 1986: Firearm Owners Protection Act, Pub.L. 99–308
- October 1, 1986: Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 (Defense Reorganization), Pub.L. 99–433
- October 2, 1986: Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act, Pub.L. 99–440
- November 6, 1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act), Pub.L. 99–603, S. 1200
- October 17, 1986: Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, Pub.L. 99–499 (title III)
- October 21, 1986: Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, Pub.L. 99–508
- October 22, 1986: Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub.L. 99–514
- October 27, 1986: Anti-Drug Abuse Act, Pub.L. 99–570
- October 31, 1986: Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Pub.L. 99–592
- November 17, 1986: Water Resources Development Act of 1986, Pub.L. 99–662
Party summary
Senate
Party standings on the opening day of the 99th Congress
| Affiliation | Members | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 47 | |
| Republican Party | 53 | |
| Total | 100 | |
House of Representatives
| House seats by party holding majority in state | |
|---|---|
80+ -100% Republican |
80+ -100% Democratic |
60+ -80% Republican |
60+ -80% Democratic |
50+ -60% Republican |
50+ -60% Democratic |
| striped: evenly split | |
| Affiliation | Members | Voting share | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 253 | 58.2% | |
| Republican Party | 182 | 41.8% | |
| Total | 435 | ||
Leadership
Senate
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Tip O'Neill (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Minority (Republican) leadership
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every six years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress.
House of Representatives
Changes in membership
Senate
| State (class) |
Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| West Virginia (2) |
Vacant | Seat remained vacant at end of previous congress until Sen-elect Rockefeller finished term as Governor of West Virginia | Jay Rockefeller (D) | January 15, 1985 |
| North Carolina (3) |
John Porter East (R) | Died June 29, 1986. Successor appointed until a Special Election. | Jim Broyhill (R) | July 14, 1986 |
| North Carolina (3) |
Jim Broyhill (R) | Interim appointee lost Special Election. His successor was elected to finish the term. |
Terry Sanford (D) | November 5, 1986 |
House of Representatives
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indiana's 8th | Disputed | House declared McCloskey the winner after auditors from the US General Accounting Office conducted a recount and Republican floor votes were rejected | Frank McCloskey (D) | May 1, 1985 |
| Louisiana's 8th | Gillis W. Long (D) | Died January 20, 1985 | Catherine S. Long (D) | March 30, 1985 |
| Texas's 1st | Sam B. Hall (D) | Resigned May 27, 1985 after being appointed judge for the US District Court for the Eastern District of Texas | Jim Chapman (D) | August 3, 1985 |
| New York's 6th | Joseph P. Addabbo (D) | Died April 10, 1986 | Alton R. Waldon, Jr. (D) | June 10, 1986 |
| Hawaii's 1st | Cecil Heftel (D) | Resigned July 11, 1986 | Neil Abercrombie (D) | September 20, 1986 |
| North Carolina's 10th | Jim Broyhill (R) | Resigned July 14, 1986 after being appointed to the US Senate | Cass Ballenger (R) | November 4, 1986 |
| Illinois's 4th | George M. O'Brien (R) | Died July 17, 1986 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Illinois's 14th | John E. Grotberg (R) | Died November 15, 1986 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| North Carolina's 3rd | Charles O. Whitley (D) | Resigned December 31, 1986 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
See also
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
- Ninety-Ninth Congress, Pocket Congressional Directory. Government Printing Office. January 1985. p. 102.
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