List of United States Senators from Maryland

This is a List of United States Senators from Maryland. Maryland ratified the Constitution on April 28, 1788, becoming the seventh state to do so.[1] To provide for continuity of government, the framers divided Senators into staggered classes that serve six-year terms, and Maryland's Senators are in the first and third classes.[2] Before the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913, which allowed for direct election of Senators, Maryland's Senators were chosen by the Maryland General Assembly. Until the assembly appointed George L. Wellington of Cumberland in 1897, Senators in class 3 were chosen from the Eastern Shore while Senators in class 1 were chosen from the remainder of the state.

List of Senators

Class 1

Class 1 U.S. Senators belong to the electoral cycle that has recently been contested in 1994, 2000, 2006, and 2012. The next election will be in 2018.

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Class 3

Class 3 U.S. Senators belong to the electoral cycle that has recently been contested in 1998, 2004, and 2010. The next election will be in 2016.

# Senator Party Years in office Electoral history T
e
r
m
T
e
r
m
Electoral history Years in office Party Senator #
1
Charles Carroll
Pro-
Administration
March 4, 1789 –
November 30, 1792
Elected in 1789. 1 1st Congress 1 Elected in 1789. March 4, 1789 –
December 10, 1797
Pro-
Administration
John Henry 1
Re-elected in 1791.

Resigned to remain in the Maryland Senate.
2 2nd Congress
Vacant November 30, 1792 –
January 10, 1793
 
2
Richard Potts
Pro-
Administration
January 10, 1793 –
October 24, 1796
Elected to finish Carroll's term.

Resigned.
3rd Congress
4th Congress 2 Re-elected in 1795.

Resigned to become Governor of Maryland.
Vacant October 24, 1796 –
November 30, 1796
 
3
John Eager Howard
Federalist November 30, 1796 –
March 3, 1803
Elected to finish Potts's term.
Elected to finish Henry's term.

Resigned.
December 11, 1797 –
December 1, 1800
Federalist James Lloyd 2
Re-elected in 1796.

[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
3 5th Congress
6th Congress
  December 1, 1800 –
December 12, 1800
Vacant
Elected to finish Lloyd's term. December 12, 1800 –
November 19, 1801
Federalist
William Hindman
3
7th Congress 3 Appointed to fill the vacancy after the Legislature failed to elect.

Retired when successor elected.
Elected to finish term.

Resigned to become Governor of Maryland.
November 19, 1801 –
November 12, 1806
Democratic-Republican
Robert Wright
4
4
Samuel Smith
Democratic-Republican March 4, 1803 –
March 3, 1815
Elected in 1803. 4 8th Congress
9th Congress
  November 12, 1806 –
November 25, 1806
Vacant
Elected to finish Wright's term. November 25, 1806 –
March 3, 1813
Democratic-Republican
Philip Reed
5
10th Congress 4 Re-elected in 1806.

[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Re-elected in 1809.

[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
5 11th Congress
12th Congress
13th Congress 5 Legislature failed to elect. March 3, 1813 –
May 21, 1813
Vacant
Elected in 1813 to finish term.

[Data unknown/missing. You can help!] .
May 21, 1813 –
March 3, 1819
Federalist Robert Henry Goldsborough 6
Vacant March 4, 1815 –
February 4, 1816
Legislature failed to elect 6 14th Congress
5
Robert Goodloe Harper
Federalist February 5, 1816 –
December 6, 1816
Elected late in 1816.

Resigned.
Vacant December 6, 1816 –
December 20, 1816
 
6
Alexander Contee Hanson
Federalist December 20, 1816 –
April 23, 1819
Elected to finish Harper's term.

Died.
15th Congress
16th Congress 6 Elected in 1819. March 4, 1819 –
January 14, 1826
Democratic-Republican
Edward Lloyd
7
Vacant April 23, 1819 –
December 21, 1819
 
7
William Pinkney
Democratic-Republican December 21, 1819 –
February 25, 1822
Elected to finish Hanson's term.
Re-elected in 1821.

Died.
7 17th Congress
Vacant February 25, 1822 –
December 17, 1822
 
8
Samuel Smith
Democratic-Republican December 17, 1822 –
March 3, 1833
Elected to finish Pinkney's term.
Crawford
Republican
18th Congress Crawford Republican
Jacksonian 19th Congress 7 Re-elected in 1825.

Resigned.
Jacksonian
  January 14, 1826 –
January 24, 1826
Vacant
Elected to finish Lloyd's term. January 24, 1826 –
December 20, 1834
Anti-
Jacksonian

Ezekiel F. Chambers
8
Re-elected in 1827. 8 20th Congress Adams
21st Congress Anti-
Jacksonian
22nd Congress 8 Re-elected in 1831.

Resigned to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals.
9
Joseph Kent
Anti-
Jacksonian
March 4, 1833 –
November 24, 1837
Elected in 1833.

Died.
9 23rd Congress
  December 20, 1834 –
January 13, 1835
Vacant
Elected to finish Chambers's term.

Died.
January 13, 1835 –
October 5, 1836
Anti-
Jacksonian
Robert Henry Goldsborough 9
24th Congress
  October 5, 1836 –
December 31, 1836
Vacant
Elected to finish Goldsborough's term. December 31, 1836 –
October 24, 1840
Anti-
Jacksonian
John S. Spence 10
Whig 25th Congress 9 Re-elected in 1837.

Died.
Whig
Vacant November 24, 1837 –
January 4, 1838
 
10 William Duhurst Merrick Whig January 4, 1838 –
March 3, 1845
Elected to finish Kent's term.
Re-elected in 1839.

[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
10 26th Congress
  October 24, 1840 –
January 5, 1841
Vacant
Elected to finish Spence's term.

[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
January 5, 1841 –
March 3, 1843
Whig
John Leeds Kerr
11
27th Congress
28th Congress 10 Elected in 1843. March 4, 1843 –
December 20, 1862
Whig
James Pearce
12
11
Reverdy Johnson
Whig March 4, 1845 –
March 7, 1849
Elected in 1844 or 1845.

Resigned to become U.S. Attorney General.
11 29th Congress
30th Congress
31st Congress 11 Re-elected in 1849.
Vacant March 7, 1849 –
December 6, 1849
 
12
David Stewart
Whig December 6, 1849 –
January 12, 1850
Appointed to continue Johnson's term.

Retired when successor elected.
13
Thomas Pratt
Whig January 12, 1850 –
March 3, 1857
Elected to finish Johnson's term.
Re-elected in 1851. 12 32nd Congress
33rd Congress
34th Congress 12 Re-elected in 1855.
14
Anthony Kennedy
American March 4, 1857 –
March 3, 1863
Elected in 1856 or 1857.
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
13 35th Congress Democratic
36th Congress
Unionist 37th Congress 13 Re-elected in 1861.

Died.
  December 20, 1862 –
December 29, 1862
Vacant
Appointed to continue Pearce's term.

Elected in 1864 to finish Pearce's term.

Died.
December 29, 1862 –
February 14, 1865
Unionist
Thomas Holliday Hicks
13
15
Reverdy Johnson
Unionist March 4, 1863 –
July 10, 1868
Elected in 1862 or 1863.

Resigned to become U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
14 38th Congress Unconditional Unionist
  February 14, 1865 –
March 9, 1865
Vacant
Democratic 39th Congress
Elected to finish Hicks's term.

[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
March 9, 1865 –
March 3, 1867
Unconditional Unionist
John Creswell
14
40th Congress 14 Senator-elect Philip F. Thomas failed to qualify. Senate deemed him a person "who had given aid and comfort" to the Confederate cause. March 4, 1867 –
March 7, 1868
Vacant
Elected to finish Thomas's term.

[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
March 7, 1868 –
March 3, 1873
Democratic
George Vickers
15
Vacant July 10, 1868 –
July 13, 1868
 
16
William Pinkney Whyte
Democratic July 13, 1868 –
March 3, 1869
Appointed to finish Johnson's term.

Retired.
17
William Thomas Hamilton
Democratic March 4, 1869 –
March 3, 1875
Elected in 1868 or 1869.

Retired to run for Governor.
15 41st Congress
42nd Congress
43rd Congress 15 Elected in 1873.

[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
March 4, 1873 –
March 3, 1879
Democratic
George R. Dennis
16
18
William Pinkney Whyte
Democratic March 4, 1875 –
March 3, 1881
Elected in 1875.

Lost re-election.
16 44th Congress
45th Congress
46th Congress 16 Elected in 1879.

[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
March 4, 1879 –
March 3, 1885
Democratic
James Black Groome
17
19
Arthur Pue Gorman
Democratic March 4, 1881 –
March 3, 1899
Elected in 1881. 17 47th Congress
48th Congress
49th Congress 17 Elected in 1884.

Died.
March 4, 1885 –
February 24, 1891
Democratic
Ephraim Wilson
18
Re-elected in 1887. 18 50th Congress
51st Congress
  February 24, 1891 –
November 19, 1891
Vacant
52nd Congress 18
Appointed to continue Wilson's term.

Elected to finish Wilson's term.
November 19, 1891 –
March 3, 1897
Democratic
Charles Hopper Gibson
19
Elected in 1893.

Lost re-election.
19 53rd Congress
54th Congress
55th Congress 19 Elected in 1896.

Retired.
March 4, 1897 –
March 3, 1903
Republican
George L. Wellington
20
20
Louis E. McComas
Republican March 4, 1899 –
March 3, 1905
Elected in 1899.

Retired to become judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals.
20 56th Congress
57th Congress
58th Congress 20 Elected in 1902.

Died.
March 4, 1903 –
June 4, 1906
Democratic
Arthur Pue Gorman
21
21
Isidor Rayner
Democratic March 4, 1905 –
November 25, 1912
Elected in 1905. 21 59th Congress
  June 4, 1906 –
June 8, 1906
Vacant
Appointed to continue Gorman's term.

Elected to finish Gorman's term.

Died.
June 8, 1906 –
March 17, 1908
Democratic
William Pinkney Whyte
22
60th Congress
  March 17, 1908 –
March 25, 1908
Vacant
Elected to finish Whyte's term. March 25, 1908 –
March 3, 1921
Democratic
John Walter Smith
23
61st Congress 21 Re-elected in 1909.
Re-elected in 1911.

Died.
22 62nd Congress
Vacant November 25, 1912 –
November 29, 1912
 
22
William P. Jackson
Republican November 29, 1912 –
January 28, 1914
Appointed to continue Rayner's term.

Retired when successor elected.
63rd Congress
23
Blair Lee
Democratic January 28, 1914 –
March 3, 1917
Elected to finish Rayner's term.

Lost re-election.
64th Congress 22 Re-elected in 1914.

Lost re-election.
24
Joseph I. France
Republican March 4, 1917 –
March 3, 1923
Elected in 1916.

Lost re-election.
23 65th Congress
66th Congress
67th Congress 23 Elected in 1920.

Lost re-election.
March 4, 1921 –
March 3, 1927
Republican
Ovington Weller
24
25
William Cabell Bruce
Democratic March 4, 1923 –
March 3, 1929
Elected in 1922.

Lost re-election.
24 68th Congress
69th Congress
70th Congress 24 Elected in 1926. March 4, 1927 –
January 3, 1951
Democratic
Millard E. Tydings
25
26
Phillips Lee Goldsborough
Republican March 4, 1929 –
January 3, 1935
Elected in 1928.

Retired to run for Governor.
25 71st Congress
72nd Congress
73rd Congress 25 Re-elected in 1932.
27
George L. P. Radcliffe
Democratic January 3, 1935 –
January 3, 1947
Elected in 1934. 26 74th Congress
75th Congress
76th Congress 26 Re-elected in 1938.
Re-elected in 1940.

Lost renomination.
27 77th Congress
78th Congress
79th Congress 27 Re-elected in 1944.

Lost re-election.
28
Herbert O'Conor
Democratic January 3, 1947 –
January 3, 1953
Elected in 1946.

Retired.
28 80th Congress
81st Congress
82nd Congress 28 Elected in 1950. January 3, 1951 –
January 2, 1963
Republican
John Marshall Butler
26
29
James Glenn Beall
Republican January 3, 1953 –
January 3, 1965
Elected in 1952. 29 83rd Congress
84th Congress
85th Congress 29 Re-elected in 1956.

Retired.
Re-elected in 1958.

Lost re-election.
30 86th Congress
87th Congress
88th Congress 30 Elected in 1962.

Lost re-election.
January 3, 1963 –
January 3, 1969
Democratic
Daniel B. Brewster
27
30
Joseph Tydings
Democratic January 3, 1965 –
January 3, 1971
Elected in 1964.

Lost re-election.
31 89th Congress
90th Congress
91st Congress 31 Elected in 1968. January 3, 1969 –
January 3, 1987
Republican
Charles Mathias
28
31
John Glenn Beall
Republican January 3, 1971 –
January 3, 1977
Elected in 1970.

Lost re-election.
32 92nd Congress
93rd Congress
94th Congress 32 Re-elected in 1974.
32
Paul Sarbanes
Democratic January 3, 1977 –
January 3, 2007
Elected in 1976. 33 95th Congress
96th Congress
97th Congress 33 Re-elected in 1980.

Retired.
Re-elected in 1982. 34 98th Congress
99th Congress
100th Congress 34 Elected in 1986. January 3, 1987 –
Present
Democratic
Barbara Mikulski
29
Re-elected in 1988. 35 101st Congress
102nd Congress
103rd Congress 35 Re-elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994. 36 104th Congress
105th Congress
106th Congress 36 Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.

Retired.
37 107th Congress
108th Congress
109th Congress 37 Re-elected in 2004.
33
Benjamin L. Cardin
Democratic January 3, 2007 –
Present
Elected in 2006. 38 110th Congress
111th Congress
112th Congress 38 Re-elected in 2010.

Will retire in 2017.[3]
Re-elected in 2012. 39 113th Congress
114th Congress
115th Congress 39 To be determined in the 2016 election.
To be determined in the 2018 election. 40 116th Congress
117th Congress
# Senator Party Years in office Electoral history T
e
r
m
  T
e
r
m
Electoral history Years in office Party Senator #
Class 1 Class 3

Living former U.S. Senators from Maryland

As of April 2015, there are two living former U.S. Senators from Maryland, two from Class 1.

Senator Term of office Class Date of birth (and age)
Joseph Tydings 1965–1971 1 May 4, 1928
Paul Sarbanes 1977–2007 1 February 3, 1933

Notes

  1. "Maryland Historical Chronology, 1700-1799". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  2. "The Senate and the United States Constitution". United States senate Historical Office. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
  3. Gaudiano, Nicole (March 2, 2015). "Longtime Sen. Barbara Mikulski to retire". USA Today.

See also

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