List of United States Senators from Maryland

This is a List of United States Senators from Maryland. Maryland ratified the Constitution on April 28, 1788, becoming the seventh state to do so.^[1] To provide for continuity of government, the framers divided Senators into staggered classes that serve six-year terms, and Maryland's Senators are in the first and third classes.^[2] Before the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913, which allowed for direct election of Senators, Maryland's Senators were chosen by the Maryland General Assembly. Until the assembly appointed George L. Wellington of Cumberland in 1897, Senators in class 3 were chosen from the Eastern Shore while Senators in class 1 were chosen from the remainder of the state.

List of Senators

Class 1 Class 1 U.S. Senators belong to the electoral cycle that has recently been contested in 1994, 2000, 2006, and 2012. The next election will be in 2018.						C o n g r e s s	Class 3 Class 3 U.S. Senators belong to the electoral cycle that has recently been contested in 1998, 2004, and 2010. The next election will be in 2016.
#	Senator	Party	Years in office	Electoral history	T e r m		T e r m	Electoral history	Years in office	Party	Senator	#
1	Charles Carroll	Pro- Administration	March 4, 1789 – November 30, 1792	Elected in 1789.	1	1st Congress	1	Elected in 1789.	March 4, 1789 – December 10, 1797	Pro- Administration	John Henry	1
		Re-elected in 1791. Resigned to remain in the Maryland Senate.		2	2nd Congress
Vacant			November 30, 1792 – January 10, 1793
2	Richard Potts	Pro- Administration	January 10, 1793 – October 24, 1796			Elected to finish Carroll's term. Resigned.
		3rd Congress
		4th Congress			2		Re-elected in 1795. Resigned to become Governor of Maryland.
Vacant			October 24, 1796 – November 30, 1796
3	John Eager Howard	Federalist	November 30, 1796 – March 3, 1803			Elected to finish Potts's term.
		Elected to finish Henry's term. Resigned.					December 11, 1797 – December 1, 1800	Federalist	James Lloyd	2
				Re-elected in 1796. [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]		3		5th Congress
								6th Congress
							December 1, 1800 – December 12, 1800		Vacant
		Elected to finish Lloyd's term.					December 12, 1800 – November 19, 1801		Federalist	William Hindman	3
		7th Congress			3			Appointed to fill the vacancy after the Legislature failed to elect. Retired when successor elected.
							Elected to finish term. Resigned to become Governor of Maryland.	November 19, 1801 – November 12, 1806	Democratic-Republican	Robert Wright	4
4	Samuel Smith	Democratic-Republican	March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1815	Elected in 1803.		4			8th Congress
		9th Congress
								November 12, 1806 – November 25, 1806	Vacant
							Elected to finish Wright's term.	November 25, 1806 – March 3, 1813	Democratic-Republican	Philip Reed	5
		10th Congress			4		Re-elected in 1806. [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
		Re-elected in 1809. [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]		5		11th Congress
						12th Congress
					13th Congress	5	Legislature failed to elect.	March 3, 1813 – May 21, 1813	Vacant
							Elected in 1813 to finish term. [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] .	May 21, 1813 – March 3, 1819	Federalist	Robert Henry Goldsborough	6
Vacant			March 4, 1815 – February 4, 1816	Legislature failed to elect	6				14th Congress
5	Robert Goodloe Harper	Federalist	February 5, 1816 – December 6, 1816	Elected late in 1816. Resigned.
Vacant			December 6, 1816 – December 20, 1816
6	Alexander Contee Hanson	Federalist	December 20, 1816 – April 23, 1819	Elected to finish Harper's term. Died.
		15th Congress
		16th Congress				6	Elected in 1819.	March 4, 1819 – January 14, 1826	Democratic-Republican	Edward Lloyd	7
Vacant			April 23, 1819 – December 21, 1819
7	William Pinkney	Democratic-Republican	December 21, 1819 – February 25, 1822	Elected to finish Hanson's term.
		Re-elected in 1821. Died.		7	17th Congress
Vacant			February 25, 1822 – December 17, 1822
8	Samuel Smith	Democratic-Republican	December 17, 1822 – March 3, 1833						Elected to finish Pinkney's term.
		Crawford Republican			18th Congress							Crawford Republican
		Jacksonian			19th Congress	7	Re-elected in 1825. Resigned.					Jacksonian
							January 14, 1826 – January 24, 1826	Vacant
		Elected to finish Lloyd's term.					January 24, 1826 – December 20, 1834	Anti- Jacksonian	Ezekiel F. Chambers	8
				Re-elected in 1827.	8			20th Congress			Adams
								21st Congress			Anti- Jacksonian
		22nd Congress				8		Re-elected in 1831. Resigned to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals.
9	Joseph Kent	Anti- Jacksonian	March 4, 1833 – November 24, 1837	Elected in 1833. Died.	9						23rd Congress
							December 20, 1834 – January 13, 1835	Vacant
		Elected to finish Chambers's term. Died.					January 13, 1835 – October 5, 1836	Anti- Jacksonian	Robert Henry Goldsborough	9
								24th Congress
							October 5, 1836 – December 31, 1836		Vacant
		Elected to finish Goldsborough's term.					December 31, 1836 – October 24, 1840		Anti- Jacksonian	John S. Spence	10
		Whig				25th Congress		9	Re-elected in 1837. Died.			Whig
Vacant			November 24, 1837 – January 4, 1838
10	William Duhurst Merrick	Whig	January 4, 1838 – March 3, 1845	Elected to finish Kent's term.
		Re-elected in 1839. [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]		10	26th Congress
							October 24, 1840 – January 5, 1841		Vacant
						Elected to finish Spence's term. [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	January 5, 1841 – March 3, 1843		Whig	John Leeds Kerr	11
					27th Congress
					28th Congress	10	Elected in 1843.	March 4, 1843 – December 20, 1862	Whig	James Pearce	12
11	Reverdy Johnson	Whig	March 4, 1845 – March 7, 1849	Elected in 1844 or 1845. Resigned to become U.S. Attorney General.	11				29th Congress
		30th Congress
		31st Congress				11	Re-elected in 1849.
Vacant			March 7, 1849 – December 6, 1849
12	David Stewart	Whig	December 6, 1849 – January 12, 1850	Appointed to continue Johnson's term. Retired when successor elected.
13	Thomas Pratt	Whig	January 12, 1850 – March 3, 1857	Elected to finish Johnson's term.
		Re-elected in 1851.		12	32nd Congress
					33rd Congress
					34th Congress	12	Re-elected in 1855.
14	Anthony Kennedy	American	March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1863	Elected in 1856 or 1857. [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	13				35th Congress			Democratic
		36th Congress
		Unionist				37th Congress	13		Re-elected in 1861. Died.
								December 20, 1862 – December 29, 1862	Vacant
		Appointed to continue Pearce's term. Elected in 1864 to finish Pearce's term. Died.						December 29, 1862 – February 14, 1865	Unionist	Thomas Holliday Hicks	13
15	Reverdy Johnson		Unionist	March 4, 1863 – July 10, 1868	Elected in 1862 or 1863. Resigned to become U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.	14			38th Congress			Unconditional Unionist
			February 14, 1865 – March 9, 1865					Vacant
											Democratic	39th Congress
		Elected to finish Hicks's term. [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	March 9, 1865 – March 3, 1867					Unconditional Unionist	John Creswell	14
		40th Congress	14				Senator-elect Philip F. Thomas failed to qualify. Senate deemed him a person "who had given aid and comfort" to the Confederate cause.	March 4, 1867 – March 7, 1868	Vacant
							Elected to finish Thomas's term. [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	March 7, 1868 – March 3, 1873	Democratic	George Vickers	15
Vacant				July 10, 1868 – July 13, 1868
16	William Pinkney Whyte	Democratic		July 13, 1868 – March 3, 1869	Appointed to finish Johnson's term. Retired.
17	William Thomas Hamilton	Democratic		March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1875	Elected in 1868 or 1869. Retired to run for Governor.	15			41st Congress
		42nd Congress
		43rd Congress	15				Elected in 1873. [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1879	Democratic	George R. Dennis	16
18	William Pinkney Whyte	Democratic		March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1881	Elected in 1875. Lost re-election.	16			44th Congress
		45th Congress
		46th Congress	16				Elected in 1879. [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]	March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1885	Democratic	James Black Groome	17
19	Arthur Pue Gorman	Democratic		March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1899	Elected in 1881.	17			47th Congress
		48th Congress
		49th Congress	17				Elected in 1884. Died.	March 4, 1885 – February 24, 1891	Democratic	Ephraim Wilson	18
		Re-elected in 1887.			18	50th Congress
						51st Congress
								February 24, 1891 – November 19, 1891	Vacant
			52nd Congress			18
							Appointed to continue Wilson's term. Elected to finish Wilson's term.	November 19, 1891 – March 3, 1897	Democratic	Charles Hopper Gibson	19
		Elected in 1893. Lost re-election.	19		53rd Congress
					54th Congress
					55th Congress	19	Elected in 1896. Retired.	March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1903	Republican	George L. Wellington	20
20	Louis E. McComas	Republican	March 4, 1899 – March 3, 1905	Elected in 1899. Retired to become judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals.	20				56th Congress
		57th Congress
		58th Congress				20	Elected in 1902. Died.	March 4, 1903 – June 4, 1906	Democratic	Arthur Pue Gorman	21
21	Isidor Rayner	Democratic	March 4, 1905 – November 25, 1912	Elected in 1905.	21				59th Congress
							June 4, 1906 – June 8, 1906	Vacant
		Appointed to continue Gorman's term. Elected to finish Gorman's term. Died.					June 8, 1906 – March 17, 1908	Democratic	William Pinkney Whyte	22
								60th Congress
							March 17, 1908 – March 25, 1908		Vacant
		Elected to finish Whyte's term.					March 25, 1908 – March 3, 1921		Democratic	John Walter Smith	23
		61st Congress				21		Re-elected in 1909.
		Re-elected in 1911. Died.		22	62nd Congress
Vacant			November 25, 1912 – November 29, 1912
22	William P. Jackson	Republican	November 29, 1912 – January 28, 1914						Appointed to continue Rayner's term. Retired when successor elected.
		63rd Congress
23	Blair Lee		Democratic		January 28, 1914 – March 3, 1917				Elected to finish Rayner's term. Lost re-election.
		64th Congress	22			Re-elected in 1914. Lost re-election.
24	Joseph I. France	Republican		March 4, 1917 – March 3, 1923	Elected in 1916. Lost re-election.			23	65th Congress
		66th Congress
		67th Congress	23			Elected in 1920. Lost re-election.	March 4, 1921 – March 3, 1927		Republican	Ovington Weller	24
25	William Cabell Bruce	Democratic		March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1929	Elected in 1922. Lost re-election.			24	68th Congress
		69th Congress
		70th Congress	24			Elected in 1926.	March 4, 1927 – January 3, 1951		Democratic	Millard E. Tydings	25
26	Phillips Lee Goldsborough	Republican		March 4, 1929 – January 3, 1935	Elected in 1928. Retired to run for Governor.			25	71st Congress
		72nd Congress
		73rd Congress	25			Re-elected in 1932.
27	George L. P. Radcliffe	Democratic		January 3, 1935 – January 3, 1947	Elected in 1934.			26	74th Congress
		75th Congress
		76th Congress	26			Re-elected in 1938.
		Re-elected in 1940. Lost renomination.			27			77th Congress
								78th Congress
			79th Congress			27		Re-elected in 1944. Lost re-election.
28	Herbert O'Conor	Democratic	January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1953	Elected in 1946. Retired.	28				80th Congress
		81st Congress
		82nd Congress				28	Elected in 1950.	January 3, 1951 – January 2, 1963	Republican	John Marshall Butler	26
29	James Glenn Beall	Republican	January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1965	Elected in 1952.	29				83rd Congress
		84th Congress
		85th Congress				29	Re-elected in 1956. Retired.
		Re-elected in 1958. Lost re-election.		30	86th Congress
					87th Congress
					88th Congress	30	Elected in 1962. Lost re-election.	January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1969	Democratic	Daniel B. Brewster	27
30	Joseph Tydings	Democratic	January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1971	Elected in 1964. Lost re-election.	31				89th Congress
		90th Congress
		91st Congress				31	Elected in 1968.	January 3, 1969 – January 3, 1987	Republican	Charles Mathias	28
31	John Glenn Beall	Republican	January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1977	Elected in 1970. Lost re-election.	32				92nd Congress
		93rd Congress
		94th Congress				32	Re-elected in 1974.
32	Paul Sarbanes	Democratic	January 3, 1977 – January 3, 2007	Elected in 1976.	33				95th Congress
		96th Congress
		97th Congress				33	Re-elected in 1980. Retired.
		Re-elected in 1982.		34	98th Congress
					99th Congress
					100th Congress	34	Elected in 1986.	January 3, 1987 – Present	Democratic	Barbara Mikulski	29
		Re-elected in 1988.		35	101st Congress
					102nd Congress
					103rd Congress	35	Re-elected in 1992.
		Re-elected in 1994.		36	104th Congress
					105th Congress
					106th Congress	36	Re-elected in 1998.
		Re-elected in 2000. Retired.		37	107th Congress
					108th Congress
					109th Congress	37	Re-elected in 2004.
33	Benjamin L. Cardin	Democratic	January 3, 2007 – Present	Elected in 2006.	38				110th Congress
		111th Congress
		112th Congress				38	Re-elected in 2010. Will retire in 2017.[3]
		Re-elected in 2012.		39	113th Congress
					114th Congress
					115th Congress	39	To be determined in the 2016 election.
To be determined in the 2018 election.					40							116th Congress
												117th Congress
#	Senator	Party	Years in office	Electoral history	T e r m		T e r m	Electoral history	Years in office	Party	Senator	#
Class 1							Class 3

Living former U.S. Senators from Maryland

As of April 2015, there are two living former U.S. Senators from Maryland, two from Class 1.

Senator	Term of office	Class	Date of birth (and age)
Joseph Tydings	1965–1971	1	May 4, 1928
Paul Sarbanes	1977–2007	1	February 3, 1933

Notes

1. "Maryland Historical Chronology, 1700-1799". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
2. "The Senate and the United States Constitution". United States senate Historical Office. Retrieved June 27, 2007.
3. Gaudiano, Nicole (March 2, 2015). "Longtime Sen. Barbara Mikulski to retire". USA Today.

See also

• United States congressional delegations from Maryland
• List of United States Representatives from Maryland