73rd United States Congress

73rd United States Congress

72nd ← → 74th United States Capitol (1956) Duration: March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1935 Senate President: John N. Garner Senate Pres. pro tem: Key Pittman House Speaker: Henry T. Rainey Members: 96 Senators 435 Representatives 5 Non-voting members Senate Majority: Democratic House Majority: Democratic Sessions Special: March 4, 1933 – March 6, 1933 1st: March 9, 1933 – June 15, 1933 2nd: January 3, 1934 – June 18, 1934

The seventy-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1933 to January 3, 1935, during the first two years of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. Because of the newly ratified 20th Amendment, the duration of this Congress, along with the term of office of those elected to it, was shortened by the interval between January 3 and March 4, 1935 (61 days). The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fifteenth Census of the United States in 1930. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.

Major events

• March 4, 1933: Franklin D. Roosevelt became President of the United States

Major legislation

First Session

The first session of Congress, known as the "Hundred Days", took place before the regular seating and was called by President Roosevelt specifically to pass two acts:

• March 9, 1933: The Emergency Banking Act (ch. 1, 48 Stat. 1) was enacted within four hours of its introduction. It was prompted by the "bank holiday" and was the first step in Roosevelt's "first hundred days" of the New Deal. The Act was drafted in large part by officials appointed by the Hoover administration. The bill provided for the Treasury Department to initiate reserve requirements and a federal bailout to large failing institutions. It also removed the United States from the Gold Standard. All banks had to undergo a federal inspection to deem if they were stable enough to re-open. Within a week 1/3 of the banks re-opened in the United States and faith was, in large part, restored in the banking system. The act had few opponents, only taking fire from the farthest left elements of Congress who wanted to nationalize banks altogether.
• March 10, 1933: The Economy Act of 1933. Roosevelt, in sending this act to Congress, warned that if it did not pass, the country faced a billion dollar deficit. The act balanced the federal budget by cutting the salaries of government employees and cutting pensions to veterans by as much as 15 percent. It intended to reassure the deficit hawks that the new president was fiscally conservative. Although the act was heavily protested by left-leaning members of congress, it passed by an overwhelming margin.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Tennessee Valley Authority Act

The session also passed several other major pieces of legislation:

• March 31, 1933: The Civilian Conservation Corps Reforestation Relief Act (ch. 17, 48 Stat. 22) established the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) as a means to combat unemployment and poverty.
• May 12, 1933: The Agricultural Adjustment Act (ch. 25, 48 Stat. 31) was part of a plan developed by Roosevelt's Secretary of Agriculture, Henry A. Wallace, and was designed to protect American farmers from the uncertainties of the depression through subsidies and production controls. The act laid the frame for long-term government control in the planning of the agricultural sector. In 1936 the act was ruled unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court because it taxed one group to pay for another.
• May 12, 1933: The Federal Emergency Relief Act (ch. 30, 48 Stat. 55) established the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) which develop public works projects to give work to the unemployed.
• May 18, 1933: The Tennessee Valley Authority Act (ch. 32, 48 Stat. 58) created the Tennessee Valley Authority to relieve the Tennessee Valley by a series of public works projects.
• June 5, 1933: The Securities Act of 1933 (ch. 38, 48 Stat. 74) established the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) as a way for the government to prevent a repeat of the Stock Market Crash of 1929.
• June 12, 1933: The Glass–Steagall Act of 1933 (ch. 89, 48 Stat. 162) was a follow up to the Glass–Steagall Act of 1932. Both acts sought to make banking safer and less prone to speculation. The 1933 act, however, established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
• June 16, 1933: The National Industrial Recovery Act ("NIRA", ch. 90, 48 Stat. 195) was an anti-deflation scheme promoted by the Chamber of Commerce that reversed anti-trust laws and permit trade associations to cooperate in stabilizing prices within their industries while making businesses ensure that the incomes of workers would rise along with their prices. It guaranteed to workers of the right of collective bargaining and helped spur major union organizing drives in major industries. In case consumer buying power lagged behind, thereby defeating the administration's initiatives, the NIRA created the Public Works Administration (PWA), a major program of public works spending designed to alleviate unemployment, and moreover to transfer funds to certain beneficiaries. The NIRA established the most important, but ultimately least successful provision: a new federal agency known as the National Recovery Administration (NRA), which attempted to stabilize prices and wages through cooperative "code authorities" involving government, business, and labor. The NIRA was seen hailed as a miracle, responding to the needs of labor, business, unemployment, and the deflation crisis. The "sick chicken case" led to the Supreme Court invalidating NIRA in 1935.

Second Session

• March 24, 1934: The Tydings–McDuffie Act (Pub.L. 73–127, 48 Stat. 456) provided for self-government for the Commonwealth of the Philippines and a pathway to independence.
• June 6, 1934: The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (ch. 404, 48 Stat. 881) grew out of the Securities Act of 1933 and regulated participation in financial markets.
• June 6, 1934: The National Firearms Act of 1934 (ch. 757, 48 Stat. 1236) regulated machine guns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns.
• June 19, 1934: Communications Act of 1934 (ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, Pub.L. 73–416)

Constitutional amendments

• The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution became effective in January 1934. It had been ratified during the previous Congress on January 23, 1933. The amendment changed both the date for convening Congress and the date for beginning each term. Thus the first session of the 73rd Congress convened in March 1933, but the second session convened in January 1934.
• The Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified on December 5, 1933. This amendment repealed the eighteenth amendment which mandated national prohibition in the United States, which had been in effect since the Volstead Act of 1919. The amendment is unusual due to the fact that it was ratified by convention of states instead of the state legislatures.

Hearings

"Merchants of Death"

• Committee: United States Senate Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry
• Chairman: Senator Gerald P. Nye (R)
• Duration: September 4, 1934 – February 24, 1936

The Senate Munitions Committee came into existence solely for the purpose of this hearing. Although World War I had been over for sixteen years, there were revived reports that America's leading munition companies had effectively influenced the United States into that conflict, which killed 53,000 Americans, hence the companies' nickname "Merchants of Death."

The Democratic Party, controlling the Senate for the first time since the first world war, used the hype of these reports to organize the hearing in hopes of nationalizing America's munitions industry. The Democrats chose a Republican renowned for his ardent isolationist policies, Senator Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota, to head the hearing. Nye was typical of western agrarian progressives, and adamantly opposed America's involvement in any foreign war. Nye declared at the opening of the hearing "when the Senate investigation is over, we shall see that war and preparation for war is not a matter of national honor and national defense, but a matter of profit for the few."

Over the next eighteen months, the "Nye Committee" (as newspapers called it) held ninety-three hearings, questioning more than two hundred witnesses, including J.P. Morgan, Jr. and Pierre du Pont. Committee members found little hard evidence of an active conspiracy among arms makers, yet the panel's reports did little to weaken the popular prejudice against "greedy munitions interests."

The hearings overlapped the 73rd and 74th Congresses. They only came to an end after Chairman Nye provoked the Democratic caucus into cutting off funding. Nye, in the last hearing the Committee held in early 1936, attacked former Democratic President Woodrow Wilson, suggesting that Wilson had withheld essential information from Congress as it considered a declaration of war. Democratic leaders, including Appropriations Committee Chairman Carter Glass of Virginia, unleashed a furious response against Nye for "dirtdaubing the sepulcher of Woodrow Wilson." Standing before cheering colleagues in a packed Senate chamber, Glass slammed his fist onto his desk in protest until blood dripped from his knuckles, effectively prompting the Democratic caucus to withhold all funding for further hearings.

Although the "Nye Committee" failed to achieve its goal of nationalizing the arms industry, it inspired three congressional neutrality acts in the mid-1930s that signaled profound American opposition to overseas involvement.

Party summary

For details, see Changes in membership, below.

Senate

There were 48 states with two Senators per state gave the Senate 96 seats. Membership changed with four deaths, one resignation, and two appointees who were replaced by electees.

	Party (shading indicates majority caucus)			Total
	Democratic	Republican	Farmer-Labor		Vacant
End of previous Congress	46	48	1	95	1
Begin (March 4, 1933)	59	36	1	96	0
March 11, 1933	35	95		1
May 24, 1933		60		96	0
June 24, 1933		59		95	1
October 6, 1933	34	94		2
October 19, 1933	35	95		1
November 3, 1933		58		94	2
November 6, 1933		59		95	1
January 1, 1934		60		96	0
November 7, 1934
Final voting share	63%	36%	1%
Beginning of next Congress	70	23	1 (+1 Progressive)	95	1

House of Representatives

Membership changed with twelve deaths and three resignations.

	Party (shading indicates majority caucus)			Total
	Democratic	Republican	Farmer-Labor		Vacant
End of previous Congress	217	217	1	435	0
Begin (March 4, 1933)	311	117	5	433	2
April 22, 1933	312			434	1
April 29, 1933	311			433	2
May 12, 1933	310			432	3
May 17, 1933	309			431	4
June 19, 1933	308			430	5
June 22, 1933	307			429	6
June 24, 1933	308			430	5
July 5, 1933	309			431	4
August 27, 1933	116	430		5
September 23, 1933		308		429	6
October 3, 1933		309		430	5
October 19, 1933	115	429		6
November 5, 1933	114	428		7
November 7, 1933		310		429	6
November 14, 1933		311		430	5
November 28, 1933		312		431	4
December 19, 1933	313	113
December 28, 1933	114	432		3
January 16, 1934	115	433		2
January 30, 1934	116	434		1
April 1, 1934		312		433	2
May 1, 1934		313		434	1
May 29, 1934	115	433		2
June 8, 1934		312		432	3
July 7, 1934		313		433	2
August 19, 1934		312		432	3
August 22, 1934		311		431	4
September 30, 1934	114	430		5
Final voting share	72.4%	26.4%	1.2%
Beginning of next Congress	322	103	3 (+7 Progressive)	435	0

Leadership

[ Section contents: Senate: Majority (D), Minority (R) • House: Majority (D), Minority (R) ]

Senate

• President:^[1] John Nance Garner (D)
• President pro tempore: Key Pittman (D)

Majority (Democratic) leadership

• Majority Leader and Democratic Conference Chairman:^[2] Joseph T. Robinson
• Assistant Majority Leader (Majority Whip): J. Hamilton Lewis

Minority (Republican) leadership

• Minority Leader: Charles L. McNary
• Assistant Minority Leader (Minority Whip): Felix Hebert
• Republican Conference Chairman: Charles L. McNary

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Henry T. Rainey (D), until August 19, 1934 (Vacant thereafter)

Majority (Democratic) leadership

• Majority Leader: Joseph W. Byrns
• Majority Whip: Arthur H. Greenwood
• Democratic Caucus Chairman: Clarence F. Lea

Minority (Republican) leadership

• Minority Leader: Bertrand H. Snell
• Minority Whip: Harry L. Englebright
• Republican Conference Chair: Robert Luce

Members

Senate

Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.

Alabama 3. Hugo Black (D) 2. John H. Bankhead II (D) Arizona 1. Henry F. Ashurst (D) 3. Carl Hayden (D) Arkansas 2. Joseph Taylor Robinson (D) 3. Hattie Carraway (D) California 1. Hiram Johnson (R) 3. William G. McAdoo (D) Colorado 2. Edward P. Costigan (D) 3. Alva B. Adams (D) Connecticut 1. Frederic C. Walcott (R) 3. Augustine Lonergan (D) Delaware 2. Daniel O. Hastings (R) 1. John G. Townsend, Jr. (R) Florida 3. Duncan U. Fletcher (D) 1. Park Trammell (D) Georgia 2. Walter F. George (D) 3. Richard B. Russell, Jr. (D) Idaho 2. William E. Borah (R) 3. James P. Pope (D) Illinois 2. J. Hamilton Lewis (D) 3. William H. Dieterich (D) Indiana 1. Arthur Raymond Robinson (R) 3. Frederick Van Nuys (D) Iowa 2. L. J. Dickinson (R) 3. Richard L. Murphy (D) Kansas 2. Arthur Capper (R) 3. George McGill (D) Kentucky 3. Alben W. Barkley (D) 2. Marvel M. Logan (D) Louisiana 2. Huey P. Long (D) 3. John H. Overton (D) Maine 1. Frederick Hale (R) 2. Wallace H. White, Jr. (R) Maryland 3. Millard E. Tydings (D) 1. Phillips Lee Goldsborough (R) Massachusetts 1. David I. Walsh (D) 2. Marcus A. Coolidge (D) Michigan 2. James Couzens (R) 1. Arthur H. Vandenberg (R) Minnesota 1. Henrik Shipstead (FL) 2. Thomas D. Schall (R) Mississippi 2. Pat Harrison (D) 1. Hubert D. Stephens (D) Missouri 1. Roscoe C. Patterson (R) 3. Joel Bennett Clark (D) Montana 1. Burton K. Wheeler (D) 2. John E. Erickson (D), March 13, 1933 – November 7, 1934 James E. Murray (D), from November 7, 1934 Nebraska 2. George W. Norris (R) 1. Robert B. Howell (R), until March 11, 1933 William H. Thompson (D), May 24, 1933 – November 7, 1934 Richard C. Hunter (D), from November 7, 1934

Nevada 1. Key Pittman (D) 3. Patrick A. McCarran (D) New Hampshire 2. Henry W. Keyes (R) 3. Fred Brown (D) New Jersey 1. Hamilton F. Kean (R) 2. William Warren Barbour (R) New Mexico 2. Sam G. Bratton (D), until June 24, 1933 Carl Hatch (D), from November 6, 1933 1. Bronson M. Cutting (R) New York 1. Royal S. Copeland (D) 3. Robert F. Wagner (D) North Carolina 2. Josiah William Bailey (D) 3. Robert R. Reynolds (D) North Dakota 1. Lynn Frazier (R) 3. Gerald P. Nye (R) Ohio 1. Simeon D. Fess (R) 3. Robert J. Bulkley (D) Oklahoma 3. J. W. Elmer Thomas (D) 2. Thomas P. Gore (D) Oregon 2. Charles L. McNary (R) 3. Frederick Steiwer (R) Pennsylvania 1. David A. Reed (R) 3. James J. Davis (R) Rhode Island 2. Jesse H. Metcalf (R) 1. Felix Hebert (R) South Carolina 3. Ellison D. Smith (D) 2. James F. Byrnes (D) South Dakota 3. Peter Norbeck (R) 2. William J. Bulow (D) Tennessee 1. Kenneth D. McKellar (D) 2. Nathan Lynn Bachman (D) Texas 2. Morris Sheppard (D) 1. Thomas T. Connally (D) Utah 1. William H. King (D) 3. Elbert D. Thomas (D) Vermont 3. Porter H. Dale (R), until October 6, 1933 Ernest W. Gibson (R), from October 19, 1933 1. Warren R. Austin (R) Virginia 2. Carter Glass (D) 1. Harry F. Byrd (D) Washington 1. Clarence C. Dill (D) 3. Homer T. Bone (D) West Virginia 1. Henry D. Hatfield (R) 2. Matthew M. Neely (D) Wisconsin 1. Robert M. La Follette, Jr. (R) 3. F. Ryan Duffy (D) Wyoming 1. John B. Kendrick (D), until November 3, 1933 Joseph C. O'Mahoney (D), from January 1, 1934 2. Robert D. Carey (R)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Contents

• Alabama
• Arizona
• Arkansas
• California
• Colorado
• Connecticut
• Delaware
• Florida
• Georgia
• Idaho
• Illinois
• Indiana
• Iowa
• Kansas
• Kentucky
• Louisiana
• Maine
• Maryland
• Massachusetts
• Michigan
• Minnesota
• Mississippi
• Missouri
• Montana
• Nebraska
• Nevada
• New Hampshire
• New Jersey
• New Mexico
• New York
• North Carolina
• North Dakota
• Ohio
• Oklahoma
• Oregon
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• South Carolina
• South Dakota
• Tennessee
• Texas
• Utah
• Vermont
• Virginia
• Washington
• West Virginia
• Wisconsin
• Wyoming
• Non-voting members

Alabama 1. John McDuffie (D) 2. J. Lister Hill (D) 3. Henry B. Steagall (D) 4. Lamar Jeffers (D) 5. Miles C. Allgood (D) 6. William B. Oliver (D) 7. William B. Bankhead (D) 8. Edward B. Almon (D), until June 22, 1933 Archibald Hill Carmichael (D), November 14, 1933 – End 9. George Huddleston (D) Arizona At-large. Isabella Selmes Greenway (D), from October 3, 1933 Arkansas 1. William J. Driver (D) 2. John E. Miller (D) 3. Claude A. Fuller (D) 4. William B. Cravens (D) 5. Heartsill Ragon (D), until June 16, 1933 David D. Terry (D), from December 19, 1933 6. David Delano Glover (D) 7. Tilman B. Parks (D) California 1. Clarence F. Lea (D) 2. Harry L. Englebright (R) 3. Frank H. Buck (D) 4. Florence P. Kahn (R) 5. Richard J. Welch (R) 6. Albert E. Carter (R) 7. Ralph R. Eltse (R) 8. John J. McGrath (D) 9. Denver S. Church (D) 10. Henry E. Stubbs (D) 11. William E. Evans (R) 12. John H. Hoeppel (D) 13. Charles Kramer (D) 14. Thomas F. Ford (D) 15. William I. Traeger (R) 16. John F. Dockweiler (D) 17. Charles J. Colden (D) 18. John H. Burke (D) 19. Sam L. Collins (R) 20. George Burnham (R) Colorado 1. Lawrence Lewis (D) 2. Fred N. Cummings (D) 3. John A. Martin (D) 4. Edward T. Taylor (D) Connecticut 1. Herman P. Kopplemann (D) 2. William L. Higgins (R) 3. Francis T. Maloney (D) 4. Schuyler Merritt (R) 5. Edward W. Goss (R) At-large. Charles M. Bakewell (R) Delaware At-large. Wilbur L. Adams (D) Florida 1. J. Hardin Peterson (D) 2. Robert A. Green (D) 3. Millard F. Caldwell (D) 4. J. Mark Wilcox (D) At-large. William J. Sears (D) Georgia 1. Homer C. Parker (D) 2. Edward E. Cox (D) 3. Bryant T. Castellow (D) 4. Emmett M. Owen (D) 5. Robert Ramspeck (D) 6. Carl Vinson (D) 7. Malcolm C. Tarver (D) 8. Braswell Deen (D) 9. John S. Wood (D) 10. Charles H. Brand (D), until May 17, 1933 Paul Brown (D), from July 5, 1933 Idaho 1. Compton I. White (D) 2. Thomas C. Coffin (D), until June 8, 1934 Illinois 1. Oscar De Priest (R) 2. P. H. Moynihan (R) 3. Edward A. Kelly (D) 4. Harry P. Beam (D) 5. Adolph J. Sabath (D) 6. Thomas J. O’Brien (D) 7. Leonard W. Schuetz (D) 8. Leo Kocialkowski (D) 9. Frederick A. Britten (R) 10. James Simpson, Jr. (R) 11. Frank R. Reid (R) 12. John T. Buckbee (R) 13. Leo E. Allen (R) 14. Chester C. Thompson (D) 15. J. Leroy Adair (D) 16. Everett M. Dirksen (R) 17. Frank Gillespie (D) 18. James A. Meeks (D) 19. Donald C. Dobbins (D) 20. Henry T. Rainey (D), until August 19, 1934 21. J. Earl Major (D), until October 6, 1933 22. Edwin M. Schaefer (D) 23. William W. Arnold (D) 24. Claude V. Parsons (D) 25. Kent E. Keller (D) At-large. Martin A. Brennan (D) At-large. Walter Nesbit (D) Indiana 1. William T. Schulte (D) 2. George R. Durgan (D) 3. Samuel B. Pettengill (D) 4. James I. Farley (D) 5. Glenn Griswold (D) 6. Virginia E. Jenckes (D) 7. Arthur H. Greenwood (D) 8. John W. Boehne, Jr. (D) 9. Eugene B. Crowe (D) 10. Finly H. Gray (D) 11. William H. Larrabee (D) 12. Louis Ludlow (D) Iowa 1. Edward C. Eicher (D) 2. Bernhard M. Jacobsen (D) 3. Albert C. Willford (D) 4. Fred Biermann (D) 5. Lloyd Thurston (R) 6. Cassius C. Dowell (R) 7. Otha D. Wearin (D) 8. Fred C. Gilchrist (R) 9. Guy M. Gillette (D) Kansas 1. William P. Lambertson (R) 2. U. S. Guyer (R) 3. Harold Clement McGugin (R) 4. Randolph Carpenter (D) 5. William A. Ayres (D), until August 22, 1934 6. Kathryn O'Loughlin McCarthy (D) 7. Clifford R. Hope (R) Kentucky At-large. John Y. Brown, Sr. (D) At-large. Cap R. Carden (D) At-large. Glover H. Cary (D) At-large. Virgil Chapman (D) At-large. W. Voris Gregory (D) At-large. Finley Hamilton (D) At-large. Andrew J. May (D) At-large. Brent Spence (D) At-large. Fred M. Vinson (D) Louisiana 1. Joachim O. Fernandez (D) 2. Paul H. Maloney (D) 3. Numa F. Montet (D) 4. John N. Sandlin (D) 5. Riley J. Wilson (D) 6. Bolivar E. Kemp (D), until June 19, 1933 Jared Y. Sanders, Jr. (D), from May 1, 1934 7. René L. DeRouen (D) 8. Cleveland Dear (D) Maine 1. Carroll L. Beedy (R) 2. Edward C. Moran, Jr. (D) 3. John G. Utterback (D) Maryland 1. T. Alan Goldsborough (D) 2. William P. Cole, Jr. (D) 3. Vincent L. Palmisano (D) 4. Ambrose J. Kennedy (D) 5. Stephen W. Gambrill (D) 6. David J. Lewis (D) Massachusetts 1. Allen T. Treadway (R) 2. William J. Granfield (D) 3. Frank H. Foss (R) 4. Pehr G. Holmes (R) 5. Edith Nourse Rogers (R) 6. A. Piatt Andrew, Jr. (R) 7. William P. Connery, Jr. (D) 8. Arthur D. Healey (D) 9. Robert Luce (R) 10. George H. Tinkham (R) 11. John J. Douglass (D) 12. John W. McCormack (D) 13. Richard B. Wigglesworth (R) 14. Joseph W. Martin, Jr. (R) 15. Charles L. Gifford (R) Michigan 1. George G. Sadowski (D) 2. John C. Lehr (D) 3. Joseph L. Hooper (R), until February 22, 1934 4. George Ernest Foulkes (D) 5. Carl E. Mapes (R) 6. Claude E. Cady (D) 7. Jesse P. Wolcott (R) 8. Michael J. Hart (D) 9. Harry W. Musselwhite (D) 10. Roy O. Woodruff (R) 11. Prentiss M. Brown (D) 12. W. Frank James (R) 13. Clarence J. McLeod (R) 14. Carl M. Weideman (D) 15. John D. Dingell, Sr. (D) 16. John Lesinski, Sr. (D) 17. George A. Dondero (R) Minnesota At-large. Henry M. Arens (FL) At-large. Ray P. Chase (R) At-large. Theodore Christianson (R) At-large. Einar Hoidale (D) At-large. Magnus Johnson (FL) At-large. Harold Knutson (R) At-large. Paul John Kvale (FL) At-large. Ernest Lundeen (FL) At-large. Francis Shoemaker (FL) Mississippi 1. John E. Rankin (D) 2. Wall Doxey (D) 3. William M. Whittington (D) 4. T. Jeff Busby (D) 5. Ross A. Collins (D) 6. William M. Colmer (D) 7. Lawrence Russell Ellzey (D) Missouri At-large. Clarence Cannon (D) At-large. James Robert Claiborne (D) At-large. John J. Cochran (D) At-large. Clement C. Dickinson (D) At-large. Richard M. Duncan (D) At-large. Frank H. Lee (D) At-large. Ralph F. Lozier (D) At-large. Jacob L. Milligan (D) At-large. Milton A. Romjue (D) At-large. James Edward Ruffin (D) At-large. Joseph B. Shannon (D) At-large. Clyde Williams (D) At-large. Reuben T. Wood (D) Montana 1. Joseph P. Monaghan (D) 2. Roy E. Ayers (D) Nebraska 1. John H. Morehead (D) 2. Edward R. Burke (D) 3. Edgar Howard (D) 4. Ashton C. Shallenberger (D) 5. Terry Carpenter (D) Nevada At-large. James G. Scrugham (D) New Hampshire 1. William Nathaniel Rogers (D) 2. Charles W. Tobey (R)

New Jersey 1. Charles A. Wolverton (R) 2. Isaac Bacharach (R) 3. William H. Sutphin (D) 4. D. Lane Powers (R) 5. Charles A. Eaton (R) 6. Donald H. McLean (R) 7. Randolph Perkins (R) 8. George N. Seger (R) 9. Edward A. Kenney (D) 10. Fred A. Hartley, Jr. (R) 11. Peter A. Cavicchia (R) 12. Frederick R. Lehlbach (R) 13. Mary T. Norton (D) 14. Oscar L. Auf der Heide (D) New Mexico At-large. Dennis Chavez (D) New York 1. Robert L. Bacon (R) 2. William F. Brunner (D) 3. George W. Lindsay (D) 4. Thomas H. Cullen (D) 5. Loring M. Black, Jr. (D) 6. Andrew L. Somers (D) 7. John J. Delaney (D) 8. Patrick J. Carley (D) 9. Stephen A. Rudd (D) 10. Emanuel Celler (D) 11. Anning S. Prall (D) 12. Samuel Dickstein (D) 13. Christopher D. Sullivan (D) 14. William I. Sirovich (D) 15. John J. Boylan (D) 16. John J. O'Connor (D) 17. Theodore A. Peyser (D) 18. Martin J. Kennedy (D) 19. Sol Bloom (D) 20. James J. Lanzetta (D) 21. Joseph A. Gavagan (D) 22. Anthony J. Griffin (D) 23. Frank Oliver (D), until June 18, 1934 24. James M. Fitzpatrick (D) 25. Charles D. Millard (R) 26. Hamilton Fish III (R) 27. Philip A. Goodwin (R) 28. Parker Corning (D) 29. James S. Parker (R), until December 19, 1933 William D. Thomas (R), from January 30, 1934 30. Frank Crowther (R) 31. Bertrand H. Snell (R) 32. Francis D. Culkin (R) 33. Fred J. Sisson (D) 34. John D. Clarke (R), until November 5, 1933 Marian W. Clarke (R), from December 28, 1933 35. Clarence E. Hancock (R) 36. John Taber (R) 37. Gale H. Stalker (R) 38. James L. Whitley (R) 39. James W. Wadsworth, Jr. (R) 40. Walter G. Andrews (R) 41. Alfred F. Beiter (D) 42. James M. Mead (D) 43. Daniel A. Reed (R) At-large. John Fitzgibbons (D) At-large. Elmer E. Studley (D) North Carolina 1. Lindsay C. Warren (D) 2. John H. Kerr (D) 3. Charles Laban Abernethy (D) 4. Edward W. Pou (D), until April 1, 1934 Harold D. Cooley (D), from July 7, 1934 5. Frank Hancock, Jr. (D) 6. William B. Umstead (D) 7. J. Bayard Clark (D) 8. J. Walter Lambeth (D) 9. Robert L. Doughton (D) 10. Alfred L. Bulwinkle (D) 11. Zebulon Weaver (D) North Dakota At-large. William Lemke (Nonpartisan Republican) At-large. James H. Sinclair (R) Ohio 1. John B. Hollister (R) 2. William E. Hess (R) 3. Byron B. Harlan (D) 4. Frank Le Blond Kloeb (D) 5. Frank C. Kniffin (D) 6. James G. Polk (D) 7. Leroy T. Marshall (R) 8. Thomas B. Fletcher (D) 9. Warren J. Duffey (D) 10. Thomas A. Jenkins (R) 11. Mell G. Underwood (D) 12. Arthur P. Lamneck (D) 13. William L. Fiesinger (D) 14. Dow W. Harter (D) 15. Robert T. Secrest (D) 16. William R. Thom (D) 17. Charles F. West (D) 18. Lawrence E. Imhoff (D) 19. John G. Cooper (R) 20. Martin L. Sweeney (D) 21. Robert Crosser (D) 22. Chester C. Bolton (R) At-large. Charles V. Truax (D) At-large. Stephen M. Young (D) Oklahoma 1. Wesley E. Disney (D) 2. William W. Hastings (D) 3. Wilburn Cartwright (D) 4. Tom D. McKeown (D) 5. Fletcher B. Swank (D) 6. Jed Johnson (D) 7. James V. McClintic (D) 8. Ernest W. Marland (D) At-large. Will Rogers (D) Oregon 1. James W. Mott (R) 2. Walter M. Pierce (D) 3. Charles H. Martin (D) Pennsylvania 1. Harry C. Ransley (R) 2. James M. Beck (R), until September 30, 1934 3. Alfred Marpole Waldron (R) 4. George Washington Edmonds (R) 5. James J. Connolly (R) 6. Edward Lowber Stokes (R) 7. George P. Darrow (R) 8. James Wolfenden (R) 9. Henry Winfield Watson (R), until August 27, 1933 Oliver Walter Frey (D), from November 7, 1933 10. J. Roland Kinzer (R) 11. Patrick J. Boland (D) 12. C. Murray Turpin (R) 13. George F. Brumm (R), until May 29, 1934 14. William Emanuel Richardson (D) 15. Louis T. McFadden (R) 16. Robert F. Rich (R) 17. J. William Ditter (R) 18. Benjamin Kurtz Focht (R) 19. Isaac Hoffer Doutrich (R) 20. Thomas Cunningham Cochran (R) 21. Francis E. Walter (D) 22. Harry L. Haines (D) 23. J. Banks Kurtz (R) 24. J. Buell Snyder (D) 25. Charles I. Faddis (D) 26. J. Howard Swick (R) 27. Nathan L. Strong (R) 28. William M. Berlin (D) 29. Charles N. Crosby (D) 30. J. Twing Brooks (D) 31. M. Clyde Kelly (R) 32. Michael Joseph Muldowney (R) 33. Henry Ellenbogen (D) 34. Matthew A. Dunn (D) Rhode Island 1. Francis B. Condon (D) 2. John M. O'Connell (D) South Carolina 1. Thomas S. McMillan (D) 2. Hampton P. Fulmer (D) 3. John C. Taylor (D) 4. John J. McSwain (D) 5. James P. Richards (D) 6. Allard H. Gasque (D) South Dakota 1. Fred H. Hildebrandt (D) 2. Theodore B. Werner (D) Tennessee 1. B. Carroll Reece (R) 2. J. Will Taylor (R) 3. Sam D. McReynolds (D) 4. John Ridley Mitchell (D) 5. Joseph W. Byrns (D) 6. Clarence W. Turner (D) 7. Gordon Browning (D) 8. Jere Cooper (D) 9. Edward H. Crump (D) Texas 1. Wright Patman (D) 2. Martin Dies, Jr. (D) 3. Morgan G. Sanders (D) 4. Sam Rayburn (D) 5. Hatton W. Sumners (D) 6. Luther A. Johnson (D) 7. Clay Stone Briggs (D), until April 29, 1933 7. Clark W. Thompson (D), from June 24, 1933 8. Joe H. Eagle (D) 9. Joseph J. Mansfield (D) 10. James P. Buchanan (D) 11. Oliver H. Cross (D) 12. Fritz G. Lanham (D) 13. William D. McFarlane (D) 14. Richard M. Kleberg (D) 15. Milton H. West (D), from April 22, 1933 16. R. Ewing Thomason (D) 17. Thomas L. Blanton (D) 18. Marvin Jones (D) At-large. Joseph Weldon Bailey, Jr. (D) At-large. Sterling Price Strong (D) At-large. George Butler Terrell (D) Utah 1. Abe Murdock (D) 2. J. W. Robinson (D) Vermont At-large. Ernest W. Gibson (R), until October 19, 1933 Charles A. Plumley (R), from January 16, 1934 Virginia At-large. S. Otis Bland (D) At-large. Thomas G. Burch (D) At-large. Colgate W. Darden, Jr. (D) At-large. Patrick H. Drewry (D) At-large. John W. Flannagan, Jr. (D) At-large. Andrew J. Montague (D) At-large. A. Willis Robertson (D) At-large. Howard W. Smith (D) At-large. Clifton A. Woodrum (D) Washington 1. Marion Anthony Zioncheck (D) 2. Monrad C. Wallgren (D) 3. Martin F. Smith (D) 4. Knute Hill (D) 5. Samuel Billingsley Hill (D) 6. Wesley Lloyd (D) West Virginia 1. Robert L. Ramsay (D) 2. Jennings Randolph (D) 3. Lynn Hornor (D), until September 23, 1933 3. Andrew Edmiston, Jr. (D), from November 28, 1933 4. George William Johnson (D) 5. John Kee (D) 6. Joe L. Smith (D) Wisconsin 1. George Washington Blanchard (R) 2. Charles W. Henney (D) 3. Gardner R. Withrow (R) 4. Raymond Joseph Cannon (D) 5. Thomas David Patrick O'Malley (D) 6. Michael K. Reilly (D) 7. Gerald J. Boileau (R) 8. James Frederic Hughes (D) 9. James A. Frear (R) 10. Hubert H. Peavey (R) Wyoming At-large. Vincent Carter (R) Non-voting members Alaska Territory. Anthony J. Dimond (D) Hawaii Territory. Lincoln L. McCandless (D) Philippines: Pedro Guevara (Nacionalista) Philippines: Camilo Osías (Nacionalista) Puerto Rico: Santiago Iglesias (Coalitionist)

Changes in membership

Senate

State	Senator	Reason for Vacancy	Successor	Date of Successor's Installation
Nebraska	Robert Howell (R)	Died March 11, 1933	William H. Thompson (D)	May 24, 1933
New Mexico	Sam Bratton (D)	Resigned June 24, 1933 when appointed Associate Justice of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit	Carl Hatch (D)	November 6, 1933
Vermont	Porter Dale (R)	Died October 6, 1933	Ernest Gibson (R)	October 19, 1933
Wyoming	John Kendrick (D)	Died November 3, 1933	Joseph C. O'Mahoney (D)	January 1, 1934
Nebraska	William Thompson (D)	Duly elected successors qualified on November 6, 1934	Richard Hunter (D)	November 7, 1934
Montana	John Erickson (D)		James E. Murray (D)

House of Representatives

District	Vacator	Reason for Vacancy	Successor	Date of successor's installation
Texas 15th	Vacant	John Garner had resigned at the end of the previous Congress	Milton H. West	April 22, 1933
Arizona At-large	Vacant	Lewis W. Douglas (D) had resigned at the end of the previous Congress	Isabella Greenway (D)	October 3, 1933
Texas 7th	Clay Stone Briggs (D)	Died April 29, 1933	Clark W. Thompson (D)	June 24, 1933
Arkansas 5th	Heartsill Ragon (D)	Resigned May 12, 1933 upon appointment as a judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas	David D. Terry (D)	December 19, 1933
Georgia 10th	Charles H. Brand (D)	Died May 17, 1933	Paul Brown (D)	July 5, 1933
Louisiana 6th	Bolivar E. Kemp (D)	Died June 19, 1933	Jared Y. Sanders, Jr. (D)	May 1, 1934
Alabama 8th	Edward B. Almon (D)	Died June 22, 1933	Archibald Hill Carmichael (D)	November 14, 1933
Pennsylvania 9th	Henry Winfield Watson (R)	Died August 27, 1933	Oliver Walter Frey (D)	November 7, 1933
West Virginia 3rd	Lynn Hornor (D)	Died September 23, 1933	Andrew Edmiston, Jr. (D)	November 28, 1933
Illinois 21st	J. Earl Major (D)	appointed as a judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois October 6, 1933	Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Vermont At-large	Ernest W. Gibson (R)	Appointed U.S. Senator October 19, 1933	Charles A. Plumley (R)	January 16, 1934
New York 34th	John D. Clarke (R)	Died November 5, 1933	Marian W. Clarke (R)	December 28, 1933
New York 29th	James S. Parker (R)	Died December 19, 1933	William D. Thomas (R)	January 30, 1934
Michigan 3rd	Joseph L. Hooper (R)	Died February 22, 1934	Seat remained vacant until next Congress
North Carolina 4th	Edward W. Pou (D)	Died April 1, 1934	Harold D. Cooley (D)	July 7, 1934
Pennsylvania 13th	George F. Brumm (R)	Died May 29, 1934	Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Idaho 2nd	Thomas C. Coffin (D)	Died June 8, 1934	Seat remained vacant until next Congress
New York 23rd	Frank Oliver (D)	Resigned June 18, 1934	Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Illinois 20th	Henry T. Rainey (D)	Died August 19, 1934	Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Kansas 5th	William A.Ayres (D)	Resigned August 22, 1934 after being appointed a member of the Federal Trade Commission	Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Pennsylvania 2nd	James M. Beck (R)	Resigned September 30, 1934	Seat remained vacant until next Congress

Employees

• Architect of the Capitol: David Lynn

Senate

• Secretary of the Senate: Edwin A. Halsey
• Chaplain: ZeBarney Thorne Phillips (Episcopalian)
• Sergeant at Arms: Chesley W. Jurney

House of Representatives

• Clerk: South Trimble
• Chaplain: James Shera Montgomery (Methodist)
• Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler
• Sergeant at Arms: Kenneth Romney
• Doorkeeper: Joseph J. Sinnott
• See also: Rules of the House: "Other officers and officials"

References

1. The Vice President of the United States serves as the President of the Senate. See U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 3, Clause 4
2. The Democratic Senate Majority Leader also serves as the Chairman of the Democratic Conference.