13th United States Congress

13th United States Congress

12th ← → 14th The Capitol after the August 1814 burning of Washington, D.C., by the British in the War of 1812 (painting 1814 by George Munger) Duration: March 4, 1813 – March 4, 1815 Senate President: Elbridge Gerry (until November 23, 1814) Vacant (from November 23, 1814) Senate Pres. pro tem: William H. Crawford Joseph Bradley Varnum John Gaillard House Speaker: Henry Clay Langdon Cheves Members: 36 Senators 182 Representatives 4 Non-voting members Senate Majority: Democratic-Republican House Majority: Democratic-Republican Sessions 1st: May 24, 1813 – August 2, 1813 2nd: December 6, 1813 – April 18, 1814 3rd: September 19, 1814 – March 3, 1815

The Thirteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1813, to March 4, 1815, during the fifth and sixth years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Third Census of the United States in 1810. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority. The first two sessions were held at the Capitol building while the third, convened after the Burning of Washington, took place in the First Patent Building.

Senate President

Elbridge Gerry,
until November 23, 1814

Vacant,
from November 23, 1814

Senate Presidents pro tempore

William H. Crawford,
March 4, 1813 – March 23, 1813

Joseph B. Varnum,
December 6, 1813 – February 3, 1814

John Gaillard,
from November 25, 1814

House Speakers

Henry Clay,
until January 19, 1814

Langdon Cheves,
from January 19, 1814

Major events

After the Burning of Washington in August 1814, Congress convened its third session in the U.S. Patent Office building, located in Blodget's Hotel.

• October 5, 1813: War of 1812: Battle of the Thames
• September 10, 1813: War of 1812: Battle of Lake Erie
• March 27, 1814: Creek War: Battle of Horseshoe Bend
• July 25, 1814: War of 1812: Battle of Lundy's Lane
• August 25, 1814: War of 1812: Burning of Washington
• September 11, 1814: War of 1812: Battle of Lake Champlain
• September 13, 1814: War of 1812: Bombardment of Fort McHenry at Baltimore
• November 7, 1814: War of 1812: Forces under Gen. Andrew Jackson seized Pensacola
• November 23, 1814: Vice President Elbridge Gerry died
• December 15, 1814: Hartford Convention convened through January 5, 1815, in which New England Federalists met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power. Despite radical outcries among Federalists for New England secession and a separate peace with Great Britain, moderates outnumbered them and extreme proposals were not a major focus of the debate.
• December 24, 1814: War of 1812: Treaty of Ghent signed
• January 8, 1815: War of 1812: Battle of New Orleans

Major legislation

Treaties ratified

• February 17, 1815: War of 1812: Senate ratified the Treaty of Ghent, 8 Stat. 218

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

	Party (Shading shows control)		Total	Vacant
	Democratic- Republican (DR)	Federalist (F)
End of the previous congress	30	6	36	0
Begin	27	6	33	3
End	24	11	35	1
Final voting share	68.6%	31.4%
Beginning of the next congress	21	12	33	3

House of Representatives

Following the 1810 census, the size of the House was increased to 182 seats from 142.

	Party (Shading shows control)		Total	Vacant
	Democratic- Republican (DR)	Federalist (F)
End of the previous congress	105	36	141	1
Begin	108	68	176	6
End	115	67	182	0
Final voting share	63.2%	36.8%
Beginning of the next congress	131	46	177	5

Leadership

Senate

• President: Elbridge Gerry (DR), until November 23, 1814, thereafter vacant.
• President pro tempore: William H. Crawford (DR), March 4, 1813 – March 23, 1813
  • Joseph B. Varnum (DR), December 6, 1813 – February 3, 1814
  • John Gaillard (DR), from November 25, 1814

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Henry Clay (DR), to January 19, 1814
  • Langdon Cheves, (DR), from January 19, 1814

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1814; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1816; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1818.

Connecticut 3. Chauncey Goodrich (F), until May 13, 1813 David Daggett (F), from May 13, 1813 1. Samuel W. Dana (F) Delaware 1. Outerbridge Horsey (F) 2. William H. Wells (F), from May 28, 1813 Georgia 2. William H. Crawford (DR), until March 23, 1813 William B. Bulloch (DR), April 8, 1813 – November 6, 1813 William W. Bibb (DR), from November 6, 1813 3. Charles Tait (DR) Kentucky 2. George M. Bibb (DR), until August 23, 1814 George Walker (DR), August 30, 1814 – December 16, 1814 William T. Barry (DR), from December 16, 1814 3. Jesse Bledsoe (DR), until December 24, 1814 Isham Talbot (DR), from February 2, 1815 Louisiana 2. James Brown (DR) 3. Eligius Fromentin (DR) Maryland 1. Samuel Smith (DR) 3. Robert H. Goldsborough (F), from May 21, 1813 Massachusetts 1. James Lloyd (F), until May 1, 1813 Christopher Gore (F), from May 5, 1813 2. Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR) New Hampshire 2. Nicholas Gilman (DR), until May 2, 1814 Thomas W. Thompson (F), from June 24, 1814 3. Charles Cutts (DR), April 2, 1813 – June 10, 1813 Jeremiah Mason (F), from June 10, 1813 New Jersey 1. John Lambert (DR) 2. John Condit (DR)

New York 1. Obadiah German (DR) 3. Rufus King (F) North Carolina 2. James Turner (DR) 3. David Stone (DR), until December 24, 1814 Francis Locke, Jr. (DR[1]), from sometime thereafter (date unknown) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] Ohio 1. Thomas Worthington (DR), until December 1, 1814 Joseph Kerr (DR), from December 10, 1814 3. Jeremiah Morrow (DR) Pennsylvania 1. Michael Leib (DR), until February 14, 1814 Jonathan Roberts (DR), from February 24, 1814 3. Abner Lacock (DR) Rhode Island 2. Jeremiah B. Howell (DR) 1. William Hunter (F) South Carolina 3. John Gaillard (DR) 2. John Taylor (DR) Tennessee 1. Joseph Anderson (DR) 2. George W. Campbell (DR), until February 11, 1814 Jesse Wharton (DR), from March 17, 1814 Vermont 1. Jonathan Robinson (DR) 3. Dudley Chase (DR) Virginia 2. William B. Giles (DR), until March 3, 1815 1. Richard Brent (DR), until December 30, 1814 James Barbour (DR), from January 2, 1815

House of Representatives

Connecticut All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. At-large. Epaphroditus Champion (F) At-large. John Davenport (F) At-large. Lyman Law (F) At-large. Jonathan O. Moseley (F) At-large. Timothy Pitkin (F) At-large. Lewis B. Sturges (F) At-large. Benjamin Tallmadge (F) Delaware Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. At-large. Thomas Cooper (F) At-large. Henry M. Ridgely (F) Georgia All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. At-large. William Barnett (DR) At-large. William W. Bibb (DR), until November 6, 1813 Alfred Cuthbert (DR), from December 13, 1813 At-large. John Forsyth (DR) At-large. Bolling Hall (DR) At-large. Thomas Telfair (DR) At-large. George Troup (DR) Kentucky 1. James Clark (DR) 2. Henry Clay (DR), until January 19, 1814 Joseph H. Hawkins (DR), from March 29, 1814 3. Richard M. Johnson (DR) 4. Joseph Desha (DR) 5. Samuel Hopkins (DR) 6. Solomon P. Sharp (DR) 7. Samuel McKee (DR) 8. Stephen Ormsby (DR), from April 20, 1813 9. Thomas Montgomery (DR) 10. William P. Duval (DR) Louisiana At-large. Thomas B. Robertson (DR) Maryland The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives. 1. Philip Stuart (F) 2. Joseph Kent (DR) 3. Alexander C. Hanson (F) 4. Samuel Ringgold (DR) 5. Alexander McKim (DR) 5. Nicholas R. Moore (DR) 6. Stevenson Archer (DR) 7. Robert Wright (DR) 8. Charles Goldsborough (F) Massachusetts 1. Artemas Ward, Jr. (F) 2. William Reed (F) 3. Timothy Pickering (F) 4. William M. Richardson (DR), until April 18, 1814 Samuel Dana (DR), from September 22, 1814 5. William Ely (F) 6. Samuel Taggart (F) 7. William Baylies (F) 8. John Reed, Jr. (F) 9. Laban Wheaton (F) 10. Elijah Brigham (F) 11. Abijah Bigelow (F) 12. Daniel Dewey (F), until February 24, 1814 John W. Hulbert (F), from November 2, 1814 13. Nathaniel Ruggles (F) 14. Cyrus King (F) 15. George Bradbury (F) 16. Samuel Davis (politician) (F) 17. Abiel Wood (DR) 18. John Wilson (F) 19. James Parker (DR) 20. Levi Hubbard (DR) New Hampshire All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. At-large. Bradbury Cilley (F) At-large. William Hale (F) At-large. Samuel Smith (F) At-large. Roger Vose (F) At-large. Daniel Webster (F) At-large. Jeduthun Wilcox (F) New Jersey There were three plural districts, each had two representatives each. 1. Lewis Condict (DR) 1. Thomas Ward (DR) 2. James Schureman (F) 2. Richard Stockton (F) 3. William Coxe, Jr. (F) 3. Jacob Hufty (F), until May 20, 1814 Thomas Bines (DR), from November 2, 1814 New York There were six plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, 12th, 15th, 20th & 21st, each had two representatives. 1. John Lefferts (DR) 1. Ebenezer Sage (DR) 2. Egbert Benson (F), until August 2, 1813 William Irving (DR), from January 22, 1814 2. Jotham Post, Jr. (F) 3. Peter Denoyelles (DR) 4. Thomas J. Oakley (F) 5. Thomas P. Grosvenor (F) 6. Jonathan Fisk (DR) 7. Abraham J. Hasbrouck (DR) 8. Samuel Sherwood (F) 9. John Lovett (F) 10. Hosea Moffitt (F) 11. John W. Taylor (DR) 12. Zebulon R. Shipherd (F) 12. Elisha I. Winter (F) 13. Alexander Boyd (F) 14. Jacob Markell (F) 15. vacant to June 21, 1813 John M. Bowers (F), from June 21 to December 20, 1813 Isaac Williams, Jr. (DR), from January 24, 1814 15. Joel Thompson (F) 16. Morris S. Miller (F) 17. William S. Smith (F) 18. Moss Kent (F) 19. James Geddes (F) 20. Daniel Avery (DR) 20. Oliver C. Comstock (DR) 21. Samuel M. Hopkins (F) 21. Nathaniel W. Howell (F)

North Carolina 1. William H. Murfree (DR) 2. Willis Alston (DR) 3. William Kennedy (DR) 4. William Gaston (F) 5. William R. King (DR) 6. Nathaniel Macon (DR) 7. John Culpepper (F) 8. Richard Stanford (DR) 9. Bartlett Yancey (DR) 10. Joseph Pearson (F) 11. Peter Forney (DR) 12. Israel Pickens (DR) 13. Meshack Franklin (DR) Ohio 1. John McLean (DR) 2. John Alexander (DR) 3. William Creighton, Jr. (DR), from May 4, 1813 4. James Caldwell (DR) 5. James Kilbourne (DR) 6. Reasin Beall (DR), April 20, 1813 – June 7, 1814 David Clendenin (DR), from October 11, 1814 Pennsylvania There were six plural districts, the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th & 10th had two representatives each, the 1st had four representatives. 1. William Anderson (DR) 1. John Conard (DR) 1. Charles J. Ingersoll (DR) 1. Adam Seybert (DR) 2. Roger Davis (DR) 2. Jonathan Roberts (DR), until February 24, 1814 Samuel Henderson (F), from October 11, 1814 3. John Gloninger (F), until August 2, 1813 Edward Crouch (DR), from October 12, 1813 3. James Whitehill (DR), until September 1, 1814 Amos Slaymaker (F), from October 11, 1814 4. Hugh Glasgow (DR) 5. William Crawford (DR) 5. Robert Whitehill (DR), until April 8, 1813 John Rea (DR), from May 11, 1813 6. Robert Brown (DR) 6. Samuel D. Ingham (DR) 7. John M. Hyneman (DR), until May 24, 1813 Daniel Udree (DR), from October 12, 1813 8. William Piper (DR) 9. David Bard (DR) 10. Jared Irwin (DR) 10. Isaac Smith (DR) 11. William Findley (DR) 12. Aaron Lyle (DR) 13. Isaac Griffin (DR), from May 24, 1813 14. Adamson Tannehill (DR) 15. Thomas Wilson (DR), from May 14, 1813 Rhode Island Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. At-large. Richard Jackson, Jr. (F) At-large. Elisha R. Potter (F) South Carolina 1. Langdon Cheves (DR) 2. William Lowndes (DR) 3. Theodore Gourdin (DR) 4. John J. Chappell (DR) 5. David R. Evans (DR) 6. John C. Calhoun (DR) 7. Elias Earle (DR) 8. Samuel Farrow (DR) 9. John Kershaw (DR) Tennessee 1. John Rhea (DR) 2. John Sevier (DR) 3. Thomas K. Harris (DR) 4. John H. Bowen (DR) 5. Felix Grundy (DR), until ????, 1814 Newton Cannon (DR), from September 16, 1814 6. Parry W. Humphreys (DR) Vermont All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. At-large. William C. Bradley (DR) At-large. Ezra Butler (DR) At-large. James Fisk (DR) At-large. Charles Rich (DR) At-large. Richard Skinner (DR) At-large. William Strong (DR) Virginia 1. John G. Jackson (DR) 2. Francis White (F) 3. John Smith (DR) 4. William McCoy (DR) 5. James Breckinridge (F) 6. Daniel Sheffey (F) 7. Hugh Caperton (F) 8. Joseph Lewis, Jr. (F) 9. John P. Hungerford (DR) 10. Aylett Hawes (DR) 11. John Dawson (DR), until March 31, 1814 Philip P. Barbour (DR), from September 19, 1814 12. John Roane (DR) 13. Thomas M. Bayly (F) 14. William A. Burwell (DR) 15. John Kerr (DR) 16. John W. Eppes (DR) 17. James Pleasants (DR) 18. Thomas Gholson, Jr. (DR) 19. Peterson Goodwyn (DR) 20. James Johnson (DR) 21. Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR) 22. Hugh Nelson (DR) 23. John Clopton (DR) Non-voting delegates Illinois Territory. Shadrach Bond, until August 2, 1813 Benjamin Stephenson, from November 14, 1814 Indiana Territory. Jonathan Jennings Mississippi Territory. William Lattimore Missouri Territory. Edward Hempstead, until September 17, 1814 Rufus Easton, from September 17, 1814

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

• replacements: 9
  • Democratic-Republicans: 2 seat net loss
  • Federalists: 2 seat net gain
• deaths: 2
• resignations: 10
• interim appointments: 3
• vacancies: 3
• Total seats with changes: 15

State (class)	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation
New Hampshire (3)	Vacant	Legislature had failed to elect a Senator. Successor was appointed April 2, 1813 to continue the term.	Charles Cutts (DR)	Appointed April 2, 1813
Maryland (3)	Vacant	Legislature had failed to elect a Senator. Successor was elected late May 21, 1813 to finish the term.	Robert H. Goldsborough (F)	Seated May 21, 1813
Delaware (2)	Vacant	James A. Bayard (F) resigned at the end of the previous Congress. Successor elected May 28, 1813 to finish the term.	William H. Wells (F)	Seated May 28, 1813
Georgia (2)	William H. Crawford (DR)	Resigned March 23, 1813. Successor appointed April 8, 1813, to continue the term.	William Bulloch (DR)	Seated April 8, 1813
Connecticut (3)	Chauncey Goodrich (F)	Resigned May 1813 to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut. Successor elected May 13, 1813, to finish the term.	David Daggett (F)	Seated May 13, 1813
Massachusetts (1)	James Lloyd (F)	Resigned May 1, 1813. Successor elected May 5, 1813.	Christopher Gore (F)	Seated May 5, 1813
New Hampshire (3)	Charles Cutts (DR)	Interim appointee was not elected. Successor elected June 10, 1813.	Jeremiah Mason (F)	Seated June 10, 1813
Georgia (2)	William Bulloch (DR)	Interim appointee was not elected to finish the term. Successor elected November 6, 1813 to finish the term.	William W. Bibb (DR)	Seated November 6, 1813
Tennessee (2)	George W. Campbell (DR)	Resigned February 11, 1814 after being appointed US Secretary of the Treasury. Successor appointed March 17, 1814, to continue the term.	Jesse Wharton (DR)	Seated March 17, 1814
Pennsylvania (1)	Michael Leib (DR)	Resigned February 14, 1814 after becoming Postmaster of Philadelphia. Successor elected February 24, 1814, to finish term.	Jonathan Roberts (DR)	Seated February 24, 1814
New Hampshire (2)	Nicholas Gilman (DR)	Died May 2, 1814. Successor elected June 24, 1814, to finish the term.	Thomas W. Thompson (F)	Seated June 24, 1814
Kentucky (2)	George M. Bibb (DR)	Resigned August 23, 1814. Successor appointed August 30, 1814, to continue the term.	George Walker (DR)	Seated August 30, 1814
Ohio (1)	Thomas Worthington (DR)	Resigned December 1, 1814 after being elected Governor. Successor elected December 10, 1814, to finish the term ending.	Joseph Kerr (DR)	Seated December 10, 1814
Kentucky (2)	George Walker (DR)	Interim appointee was not elected to finish term. Successor elected December 16, 1814 to finish term.	William T. Barry (DR)	Seated December 16, 1814
North Carolina (3)	David Stone (DR)	Resigned December 24, 1814. Successor elected December 24, 1814, to finish the term, but failed to qualify.	Francis Locke, Jr.	Never seated for failing to qualify
Kentucky (3)	Jesse Bledsoe (DR)	Resigned December 24, 1814. Successor elected February 2, 1815, to finish the term.	Isham Talbot (DR)	Seated February 2, 1815
Virginia (1)	Richard Brent (DR)	Died December 30, 1814. Winner elected January 2, 1815, to finish term, having already won election to the next term.	James Barbour (DR)	Seated January 2, 1815
Virginia (2)	William B. Giles (DR)	Resigned March 3, 1815. Successor was not elected until the next Congress.	Vacant for remainder of this Congress.

House of Representatives

• replacements: 13
  • Democratic-Republicans: 17-seat net gain
  • Federalists: 2-seat net loss
• deaths: 6
• resignations: 13
• contested election: 1
• vacancies: 4
• Total seats with changes: 19

District	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date successor seated
Kentucky 8th	Vacant	Rep.-elect John Simpson died before this Congress began	Stephen Ormsby (DR)	Seated May 28, 1813
Ohio 6th	Vacant	Rep.-elect John Stark Edwards died before this Congress began	Reasin Beall (DR)	Seated June 8, 1813
Pennsylvania 15th	Vacant	Rep.-elect Abner Lacock resigned before commencement of Congress after being elected US Senator	Thomas Wilson (DR)	Seated May 28, 1813
Pennsylvania 13th	Vacant	Rep.-elect John Smilie died before this Congress began	Isaac Griffin (DR)	Seated May 24, 1813
New York 15th	Vacant	Rep-elect William Dowse died on February 18, 1813	John M. Bowers (F)	Seated June 21, 1813
Ohio 3rd	Vacant	Duncan McArthur Resigned April 5, 1813, having not qualified	William Creighton, Jr. (DR)	Seated June 15, 1813
Pennsylvania 5th	Robert Whitehill (DR)	Died April 8, 1813	John Rea (DR)	Seated May 28, 1813
New York 2nd	Egbert Benson (F)	Resigned August 2, 1813	William Irving (DR)	Seated January 22, 1814
Pennsylvania 3rd	John Gloninger (F)	Resigned August 2, 1813	Edward Crouch (DR)	Seated December 6, 1813
Pennsylvania 7th	John M. Hyneman (DR)	Resigned August 2, 1813	Daniel Udree (DR)	Seated December 6, 1813
Illinois Territory At-large	Shadrach Bond	Until August 2, 1813	Benjamin Stephenson	Seated November 14, 1814
Georgia At-large	William W. Bibb (DR)	Resigned November 6, 1813, after being elected to US Senate	Alfred Cuthbert (DR)	Seated February 7, 1814
New York 15th	John M. Bowers (F)	Contested election, Bowers ousted on December 20, 1813	Isaac Williams, Jr. (DR)	Seated January 24, 1814
Tennessee 5th	Felix Grundy (DR)	Resigned sometime in 1814	Newton Cannon (DR)	Seated October 15, 1814
Kentucky 2nd	Henry Clay (DR)	Resigned January 19, 1814	Joseph H. Hawkins (DR)	Seated March 29, 1814
Massachusetts 12th	Daniel Dewey (F)	Resigned February 24, 1814, after being appointed Associate Judge of Massachusetts Supreme Court	John W. Hulbert (F)	Seated September 26, 1814
Pennsylvania 2nd	Jonathan Roberts (DR)	Resigned February 24, 1814, after being elected US Senator	Samuel Henderson (F)	Seated November 29, 1814
Virginia 11th	John Dawson (DR)	Died March 31, 1814	Philip Barbour (DR)	Seated September 19, 1814
Massachusetts 4th	William M. Richardson (DR)	Resigned April 18, 1814	Samuel Dana (DR)	Seated September 22, 1814
New Jersey 3rd	Jacob Hufty (F)	Died May 20, 1814	Thomas Bines (DR)	Seated November 2, 1814
Ohio 6th	Reasin Beall (DR)	Resigned June 7, 1814	David Clendenin (DR)	Seated December 22, 1814
Pennsylvania 3rd	James Whitehill (DR)	Resigned September 1, 1814	Amos Slaymaker (F)	Seated December 12, 1814
Missouri Territory At-large	Edward Hempstead	Until September 17, 1814	Rufus Easton	Seated November 16, 1814

Employees

• Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe

Senate

• Chaplain: John Brackenridge (Presbyterian)
  • Jesse Lee, Methodist, elected September 27, 1814
• Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
  • Charles Cutts, elected October 11, 1814
• Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: Jesse Lee (Methodist), elected May 24, 1813
  • Obadiah B. Brown (Baptist), elected September 19, 1814
• Clerk: Patrick Magruder, elected May 24, 1813, resigned January 28, 1815
  • Thomas Dougherty, elected January 30, 1815
• Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton, elected May 24, 1813
• Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn, elected May 24, 1813

See also

• United States Senate elections, 1814 and 1815
• United States House of Representatives elections, 1814

References

1. Guide to US Elections II (Sixth ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1421. ISBN 978-1-60426-536-1.

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789–1875
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists