16th United States Congress

16th United States Congress
15th   17th

United States Capitol (1827)

Duration: March 4, 1819 – March 4, 1821

Senate President: Daniel D. Tompkins
Senate Pres. pro tem: James Barbour
John Gaillard
House Speaker: Henry Clay
John W. Taylor
Members: 46 Senators
186 Representatives
3 Non-voting members
Senate Majority: Democratic-Republican
House Majority: Democratic-Republican

Sessions
1st: December 6, 1819 – May 15, 1820
2nd: November 13, 1820 – March 3, 1821

The Sixteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1819, to March 4, 1821, during the third and fourth years of James Monroe's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Third Census of the United States in 1810. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

President pro tempore of the Senate James Barbour
Speaker of the House Henry Clay

Major events

Major legislation

Proposed but not enacted

Treaties

States admitted and territories created

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

During this congress, two Senate seats were added for each of the new states of Alabama and Maine.

Party
(Shading shows control)
Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican

(DR)
Federalist
(F)
End of the previous congress 28 12 40 2
Begin 30 9 39 3
End 37 460
Final voting share 80.4% 19.6%
Beginning of the next congress 40 4 44 2

House of Representatives

During this congress, one House seat was added for the new state of Alabama and one seat was reapportioned from Massachusetts to the new state of Maine. For the beginning of the next congress, six more seats from Massachusetts would be reapportioned to Maine.

Party
(Shading shows control)
Total Vacant
Democratic-
Republican

(DR)
Federalist
(F)
End of the previous congress 146 39 185 0
Begin 157 26 183 2
End 158 253
Final voting share 86.3% 13.7%
Beginning of the next congress 150 31 181 5

Leadership

President of the Senate Daniel D. Tompkins

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1820; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1822; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1824.

Alabama

Connecticut

Delaware

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Mississippi

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Vermont

Virginia

House of Representatives

Alabama

Connecticut

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

Delaware

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

Georgia

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

Illinois

Indiana

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.

Massachusetts

Mississippi

New Hampshire

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

New Jersey

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

New York

There were six plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, 12th, 15th, 20th & 21st, each had two representatives.

North Carolina

Ohio

Pennsylvania

There were six plural districts, the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th & 10th had two representatives each, the 1st had four representatives.

Rhode Island

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

South Carolina

Tennessee

Vermont

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

Virginia

Non-voting members

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate

There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, 2 vacancies before the Congress, and 4 new seats. The Democratic-Republicans had an 7-seat net gain and the Federalists had a 1-seat net loss.


State
(class)
Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation
Georgia
(2)
Vacant John Forsyth had resigned before the beginning of the Congress. Freeman Walker (DR) Elected November 6, 1819
Kentucky
(3)
Vacant John J. Crittenden had resigned before the beginning of the Congress. Richard M. Johnson (DR) Elected December 10, 1819
Maryland
(1)
Alexander C. Hanson (F) Died April 23, 1819 William Pinkney (DR) Elected December 21, 1819
Virginia
(2)
John W. Eppes (DR) Resigned December 4, 1819 James Pleasants (DR) Elected December 10, 1819
Alabama
(2)
New seats Alabama was admitted to the Union December 14, 1819. John W. Walker (DR) Elected December 14, 1819
Alabama
(3)
William R. King (DR) Elected December 14, 1819
Maine
(2)
New seats Maine was admitted to the Union March 15, 1820. John Holmes (F) Elected June 13, 1820
Maine
(1)
John Chandler (DR) Elected June 14, 1820
Massachusetts
(1)
Prentiss Mellen (F) Resigned May 15, 1820 Elijah H. Mills (F) Elected June 12, 1820
Mississippi
(1)
Walter Leake (DR) Resigned May 15, 1820, after becoming US Marshal for Mississippi David Holmes (DR) Appointed August 30, 1820
Kentucky
(2)
William Logan (DR) Resigned May 28, 1820, to run for Governor of Kentucky Isham Talbot (DR) Elected October 19, 1820
Rhode Island
(2)
James Burrill, Jr. (F) Died December 25, 1820 Nehemiah R. Knight (DR) Elected January 9, 1821
New Jersey
(1)
James J. Wilson (DR) Resigned January 8, 1821 Samuel L. Southard (DR) Appointed January 26, 1821

House of Representatives

There were 13 resignations, 5 deaths, 2 contested elections, and 2 new seats. The Democratic-Republicans had a 1-seat net gain and the Federalists had no net change.


District Vacator Reason for change Successor Date successor
seated
North Carolina
2nd
Vacant Hutchins G. Burton (DR) Seated December 6, 1819
Alabama Territory Vacant Seat remained vacant until statehood John Crowell (DR) Seated December 14, 1819
Alabama
At-large
Arkansas Territory Vacant Arkansas Territory organized July 4, 1819 James W. Bates Seated December 21, 1819
New York
1st
Vacant Contested election. Representative-elect Ebenezer Sage never qualified. James Guyon, Jr. (DR) Seated January 14, 1820
New Jersey
At-large
John Condit (DR) Resigned November 4, 1819 Charles Kinsey (DR) Seated February 16, 1820
Virginia 17th James Pleasants (DR) Resigned December 14, 1819 William S. Archer (F) Seated January 18, 1820
Vermont 1st Orsamus C. Merrill (DR) Contested election, served until January 12, 1820 Rollin C. Mallary (DR) Seated January 13, 1820
Virginia 20th James Johnson (DR) Resigned February 1, 1820 John C. Gray (DR) Seated November 13, 1820
Virginia 10th George F. Strother (DR) Resigned February 10, 1820 Thomas L. Moore (DR) Seated November 13, 1820
Kentucky
6th
David Walker (DR) Died March 1, 1820 Francis Johnson (DR) Seated November 13, 1820
Massachusetts
14th
John Holmes (DR) Resigned March 15, 1820, to become U.S. Senator from Maine. District moved to Maine District inactive until 1903
Maine
At-large
New seat Massachusetts's 14th district became Maine's at-large district Joseph Dane (F) Seated November 6, 1820
Massachusetts
1st
Jonathan Mason (F) Resigned May 15, 1820 Benjamin Gorham (DR) Seated November 27, 1820
Pennsylvania
5th
David Fullerton (DR) Resigned May 15, 1820 Thomas G. McCullough (F) Seated November 13, 1820
Massachusetts
13th
Edward Dowse (DR) Resigned May 26, 1820 William Eustis (DR)
Kentucky
9th
Tunstall Quarles (DR) Resigned June 15, 1820 Thomas Montgomery (DR)
Virginia 1st James Pindall (F) Resigned July 26, 1820 Edward B. Jackson (DR)
Massachusetts
8th
Zabdiel Sampson (DR) Resigned July 26, 1820 Aaron Hobart (DR) Seated December 18, 1820
Michigan Territory William Woodbridge Resigned August 9, 1820 Solomon Sibley Seated November 20, 1820
Pennsylvania
7th
Joseph Hiester (DR) Resigned sometime in December 1820 Daniel Udree (DR) Seated January 8, 1821
Rhode Island
At-large
Nathaniel Hazard (DR) Died December 17, 1820 Vacant Not filled in this Congress
North Carolina
4th
Jesse Slocumb (F) Died December 20, 1820 William S. Blackledge (DR) Seated February 7, 1821
New Jersey
At-large
John Linn (DR) Died January 5, 1821 Vacant Not filled in this Congress
Delaware
At-large
Willard Hall (DR) Resigned January 22, 1821 Vacant Not filled in this Congress
Virginia 14th William A. Burwell (DR) Died February 16, 1821 Vacant Not filled in this Congress

Officers

Senate

House of Representatives

References

  1. "debunk". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth edition. Houghton Mifflin. 2000. Retrieved January 11, 2009.

External links

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