104th United States Congress
104th United States Congress | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The One Hundred Fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1995, to January 3, 1997, during the third and fourth years of Bill Clinton's presidency. Apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1990 United States census. Both chambers had Republican majorities for the first time since the 1950s. Major events included passage of elements of the Contract with America and a budget impasse between Congress and the Clinton Administration that resulted in the Federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996.
Major events
- January 3, 1995: Republicans gained control of both houses for the first time since 1954.
- January 31, 1995: President Clinton invoked emergency powers to extend a $20 billion loan to help Mexico avert financial collapse.
- April 19, 1995: Oklahoma City bombing
- August 30, 1995: NATO began Operation Deliberate Force against Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- November 14–19, 1995: U.S. government shutdown
- December 16, 1995 – January 6, 1996: U.S. government shutdown
- November 5, 1996: Re-election of President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore; Democrats gained 8 seats in House; Republicans gained 2 seats in Senate.
Major legislation
- April 10, 1995: Mexican Debt Disclosure Act of 1995, Pub.L. 104–6, 109 Stat. 73
- November 28, 1995: National Highway System Designation Act of 1995, Pub.L. 104–59, 109 Stat. 568
- December 19, 1995: Lobbying Disclosure Act, Pub.L. 104–65, 109 Stat. 691, 2 U.S.C. ch. 26
- December 22, 1995: Private Securities Litigation Reform Act, Pub.L. 104–67, 109 Stat. 737
- February 8, 1996: Telecommunications Act of 1996 (including the Communications Decency Act), Pub.L. 104–104, 110 Stat. 56, 47 U.S.C. § 609
- March 12, 1996: Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (Libertad) Act of 1996 (Helms-Burton Act), Pub.L. 104–114, 110 Stat. 785, 22 U.S.C. §§ 6021–6091
- April 9, 1996: Line Item Veto Act, Pub.L. 104–130, 110 Stat. 1200
- April 24, 1996: Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act, Pub.L. 104–132, 110 Stat. 1214
- July 30, 1996: Taxpayer Bill of Rights 2, Pub.L. 104–168, 110 Stat. 1452
- August 3, 1996: National Gambling Impact Study Commission Act, Pub.L. 104–169, 110 Stat. 1482
- August 3, 1996: Food Quality Protection Act of 1996, Pub.L. 104–170, 110 Stat. 1489, 7 U.S.C. § 136
- August 20, 1996: Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996, Pub.L. 104–188, 110 Stat. 1755
- August 21, 1996: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), Pub.L. 104–191, 110 Stat. 1936
- August 22, 1996: Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (Welfare Reform Act), Pub.L. 104–193, 110 Stat. 2105
- September 21, 1996: Defense of Marriage Act, Pub.L. 104–199, 110 Stat. 2419
- September 30, 1996: Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban, Pub.L. 104–208, 110 Stat. 3001
- October 1, 1996: Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation Act, Pub.L. 104–210, 110 Stat. 3011
- October 12, 1996: Water Resources Development Act of 1996, Pub.L. 104–303, 110 Stat. 3658
Party summary
Senate
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) |
Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Democratic | Vacant | ||
End of the previous Congress | 47 | 53 | 100 | 0 |
Begin | 53 | 47 | 100 | 0 |
End | ||||
Final voting share | 53.0% | 47.0% | ||
Beginning of the next Congress | 55 | 45 | 100 | 0 |
House of Representatives
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) |
Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Democratic | Independent | Vacant | ||
End of the previous Congress | 176 | 258 | 1 | 435 | 0 |
Begin | 230 | 204 | 1 | 435 | 0 |
End | 234 | 197 | 2 | 433 | 2 |
Final voting share | 54.4% | 45.6% | |||
Non-voting members | 1 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
Beginning of the next Congress | 228 | 206 | 1 | 435 | 0 |
Leadership
Senate
- President: Al Gore (D)
- President pro tempore: Strom Thurmond (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader:
- Bob Dole, until June 11, 1996
- Trent Lott, starting June 12, 1996
- Majority Whip:
- Trent Lott, until June 11, 1996
- Don Nickles, starting June 12, 1996
Minority (Democratic) leadership
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Newt Gingrich (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
Members
Senate
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
Changes in membership
Senate
State (class) | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Colorado (3) |
Ben Nighthorse Campbell (D) | Changed party March 3, 1995 | Ben Nighthorse Campbell (R) | March 3, 1995 |
Oregon (3) |
Bob Packwood (R) | Resigned October 5, 1995. Wyden won the special election on January 30, 1996. | Ron Wyden (D) | Seated February 6, 1996 |
Kansas (3) |
Bob Dole (R) | Resigned June 11, 1996, to campaign for the Presidency | Sheila Frahm (R) | June 11, 1996 |
Kansas (3) |
Sheila Frahm (R) | Successor elected November 5, 1996, after Brownback won the special election. | Sam Brownback (R) | November 6, 1996 |
House of Representatives
District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
---|---|---|---|---|
Georgia 9th | Nathan Deal (D) | Changed party April 10, 1995 | Nathan Deal (R) | April 10, 1995 |
Texas 14th | Greg Laughlin (D) | Changed party June 26, 1995 | Greg Laughlin (R) | June 26, 1995 |
Louisiana 3rd | Billy Tauzin (D) | Changed party August 8, 1995 | Billy Tauzin (R) | August 8, 1995 |
Illinois 2nd | Mel Reynolds (D) | Resigned October 1, 1995 | Jesse Jackson, Jr. (D) | December 15, 1995 |
California's 15th | Norman Y. Mineta (D) | Resigned October 10, 1995 | Tom Campbell (R) | December 12, 1995 |
Mississippi 4th | Mike Parker (D) | Changed party November 10, 1995 | Mike Parker (R) | November 10, 1995 |
Louisiana 7th | Jimmy Hayes (D) | Changed party December 1, 1995 | Jimmy Hayes (R) | December 1, 1995 |
California 37th | Walter R. Tucker III (D) | Resigned December 15, 1995, due to scandals during his past tenure as Mayor of Compton | Juanita Millender-McDonald (D) | March 26, 1996 |
Oregon 3rd | Ron Wyden (D) | Resigned February 6, 1996, after being elected US Senator | Earl Blumenauer (D) | May 21, 1996 |
Maryland's 7th | Kweisi Mfume (D) | Resigned February 15, 1996, to become CEO of the NAACP | Elijah Cummings (D) | April 16, 1996 |
Missouri's 8th | Bill Emerson (R) | Died June 22, 1996 | Jo Ann Emerson (I/R) | November 5, 1996 |
Kansas 2nd | Sam Brownback (R) | Resigned November 27, 1996, retroactive to November 7 after being elected to the US Senate | Jim Ryun (R) | November 27, 1996 |
Arkansas 2nd | Ray Thornton (D) | Resigned January 1, 1997 | Vacant | Vacant for remainder of term |
Arkansas 3rd | Tim Hutchinson (R) | Resigned January 2, 1997, after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Vacant for remainder of term |
Employees
- Architect of the Capitol:
- George M. White, until November 21, 1995
- William L. Ensign (acting), starting November 21, 1995
Senate
- Chaplain: Lloyd John Ogilvie, starting March 11, 1995
- Historian: Donald A. Ritchie
- Parliamentarian:
- Secretary:
- Sheila P. Burke, until June 7, 1995
- Kelly D. Johnston, June 8, 1995 – September 30, 1996
- Gary Lee Sisco, starting October 1, 1996
- Sergeant at Arms: Gregory S. Casey, starting September 6, 1996
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: James D. Ford
- Chief Administrative Officer: Scott Faulkner
- Clerk: Robin H. Carle
- Historian: Christina Jeffrey, 1995 (briefly)[1]
- Parliamentarian: Charles W. Johnson III
- Reading Clerks: Meg Goetz (D), Paul Hays (R)
- Sergeant at Arms: Wilson Livingood
See also
Elections
- The 1994 elections elected members to this Congress:
- The 1996 elections were held during this Congress for members to the next Congress:
References
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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