68th United States Congress
| 68th United States Congress | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Sixty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1923 to March 4, 1925, during the last months of Warren G. Harding's presidency, and the first years of his successor, Calvin Coolidge. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Thirteenth Decennial Census of the United States in 1910. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Major events
- August 2, 1923 – President Warren Harding died and Calvin Coolidge became President of the United States
Major legislation
- September 22, 1923: U.S. Coal Commission Act
- April 26, 1924: Seed and Feed Loan Act
- May 19, 1924: World War Adjusted Compensation Act (Bonus Bill), Sess. 1, ch. 157, 43 Stat. 121
- May 24, 1924: Rogers Act
- May 26, 1924: Immigration Act of 1924 (Johnson–Reed Act), Sess. 1, ch. 190, 43 Stat. 153
- May 29, 1924: Indian Oil Leasing Act of 1924 (Lenroot Act)
- June 2, 1924: Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 (Snyder Act), Sess. 1, ch. 233, 43 Stat. 253
- June 2, 1924: Revenue Act of 1924 (Simmons–Longworth Act), Sess. 1, ch. 234, 43 Stat. 253
- June 3, 1924: Inland Waterways Act of 1924 (Denison Act)
- June 7, 1924: Pueblo Lands Act of 1924
- June 7, 1924: Oil Pollution Act of 1924, Pub.L. 68–238, ch. 316, 43 Stat. 604
- June 7, 1924: Clarke–McNary Act, Sess. 1, ch. 348, 43 Stat. 653
- January 30, 1925: Hoch–Smith Resolution
- January 31, 1925: Special Duties Act
- February 2, 1925: Airmail Act of 1925 (Kelly Act)
- February 12, 1925: Federal Arbitration Act
- February 16, 1925: Home Port Act of 1925
- February 24, 1925: Purnell Act
- February 27, 1925: Temple Act
- February 28, 1925: Classification Act of 1925
- February 28, 1925: Federal Corrupt Practices Act (Gerry Act)
- March 2, 1925: Judiciary Act of 1925
- March 3, 1925: River and Harbors Act of 1925
- March 3, 1925: Helium Act of 1925
- March 3, 1925: Mount Rushmore National Memorial Act (Norbeck-Williamson Act)
- March 4, 1925: Establishment of the United States Navy Band
- March 4, 1925: Probation Act of 1925
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section??.?%
Senate
| Party (Shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Farmer–Labor (FL) | Republican (R) | |||
| End of the previous congress | 37 | 0 | 59 | 96 | 0 |
| Begin | 42 | 1 | 53 | 96 | 0 |
| End | 2 | 52 | |||
| Final voting share | 43.8% | 2.1% | 54.2% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 40 | 1 | 55 | 96 | 0 |
House of Representatives
| Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) |
Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Democratic | Farmer–Labor | Socialist | Vacant | ||
| End of the previous Congress | 302 | 131 | 0 | 1 | 435 | 0 |
| Begin | 225 | 207 | 2 | 1 | 435 | 0 |
| End | ?? | ?? | ?? | ?? | ?? | ?? |
| Final voting share | ??.?% | ??.?% | ??.?% | ??.?% | ||
| Beginning of the next Congress | 247 | 183 | 3 | 1 | 435 | 0 |
Leadership
Senate
- President: Calvin Coolidge (R), until August 3, 1923. Vacant thereafter.
- President pro tempore: Albert B. Cummins (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
House of Representatives
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Albert B. Cummins
Senators were elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1928; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1924; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1926.
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by their district numbers.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- replacements: 7
- Democratic: 1 seat net gain
- Republican: 2 seat net loss
- Farmer–Labor: 1 seat net gain
- deaths:
- resignations:
- vacancy:
- Total seats with changes:
House of Representatives
- replacements: 24
- Democratic: no net change
- Republican: no net change
- deaths:
- resignations:
- contested election:
- Total seats with changes:
Employees
- Architect of the Capitol:
- Elliott Woods, until May 22, 1923
- David Lynn, from August 22, 1923
Senate
- Chaplain: John J. Muir Baptist
- Secretary: George A. Sanderson of Illinois
- Sergeant at Arms: David S. Barry of Rhode Island
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: James S. Montgomery Methodist, elected April 11, 1921
- Clerk: William T. Page of Maryland, elected December 5, 1923
- Doorkeeper: Bert W. Kennedy of Michigan, elected December 5, 1923
- Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Lehr Fess
- Postmaster of the House: Frank W. Collier of Wisconsin, elected December 5, 1923
- Sergeant at Arms: Joseph G. Rodgers of Pennsylvania, elected December 5, 1923
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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