Joan Brown

This article is about the American painter, for another Joan Browne see the mother of Alan Alda.
Joan Brown

Brown in 1975
Born Joan Vivien Beatty
(1938-02-13)February 13, 1938
San Francisco, California
Died October 26, 1990(1990-10-26) (aged 52)
Puttaparthi, India
Nationality American
Education California School of Fine Arts (1955-60) (BFA, 1959; MFA, 1960)
Known for Painting
Movement Bay Area Figurative Movement
Awards

James D. Phelan Award (1962)
Mademoiselle Merit Award (1963)
Louis Comfort Tiffany Award (1965)
Adaline Kent Award, San Francisco Art Institute (1973)
National Endowment for the Arts Grant (1976, 1980)
Guggenheim Fellowship (1977)

Honorary Doctor of Fine Arts, San Francisco Art Institute (1986)

Joan Brown (February 13, 1938 – October 26, 1990) was an American figurative painter who lived and worked in Northern California. She was a member of the "second generation" of the Bay Area Figurative Movement.[1]

Background

In the late 1950s, Joan Brown was a maturing artist who helped make California, and the Bay Area in particular, an important artistic center. Brown worked with multiple other artists to make popular the concepts of figurative painting, beat culture, and funk art.[2]

Education and early life

Joan Brown was born on February 19, 1938, in San Francisco to a second-generation Irish father and a native Californian mother. Brown’s family life was very unhappy. Her father drank heavily and her mother, who had intended to have a career instead of a family, frequently threatened suicide. Brown could not wait to grow up and move out.[3]

Growing up, Brown acquired her education through Catholic Schools in San Francisco—first St. Vincent de Paul School and then Presentation High School—which engendered in her a revulsion toward Catholic education and religion.[4] She studied at the California School of Fine Art (now San Francisco Art Institute), graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1959 and a Master of Arts in 1960.[5] There she met her instructor and mentor Elmer Bischoff. While still a student she had her first solo gallery exhibition in 1958.[6]

In 1956 she married her first husband, Bill Brown. However, right before their wedding, she became very ill. Bill Brown presented her with books that contained reproductions of paintings by Rembrandt, Francisco Goya, Diego Velázquez, and other masters. Due to her illness, Brown had time to study the books carefully. She later stated, "I'd never seen any of this stuff, and I felt this tremendous surge of energy".[4] She was inspired to want to follow their example, and she realized that painting professionally was what she was meant to do.[4]

The marriage of Joan and Bill Brown was annulled in 1962.[7] She was married to Bay Area Figurative sculptor Manuel Neri from 1962 to 1966, though their relationship and artistic collaboration dated back several years prior to this.[8]

Career

Brown achieved prominence with a style of figurative painting that combined bright color, sometimes cartoonish drawing, and personal symbolism. Her first museum show occurred at the Whitney annual show in New York (now the Whitney Biennial) in 1960 when she was 22. She was the youngest artist to be exhibited that year.[9]

Early career

As a teenager, Brown would flip through magazines and make pencil sketches of any celebrities she found to be sophisticatedly dressed.[10] In 1956, Brown took a summer class at CSFA with Elmer Bischoff. Bischoff was the teacher that influenced Brown the most to become the great artist she was through his motivation, encouragement, and overall mentorship. He told her to follow her heart and to not focus as much on the small details and academic rules that held back so many great artists. She noted that his instructional methods allowed her to make mistakes and learn from them. Bischoff led Brown to think more about the actual art and the struggles that come along with producing her paintings. This inspired Brown to become more serious and focused on exploring and discovering her talents and techniques.[4]

Many of her paintings were directly related to events that happened in her life. She had many other interests other than art. She loved to dance and swim. She was also very involved in her son’s life as well as her romantic relationships and marriages. All of these things were incorporated into her art.[11] Joan Brown became increasingly popular and admirable in her artwork. In 1960, at the age of twenty-two, Brown had her first New York exhibition of her abstract expressionist paintings.[11]

Later career

Her interests began to alter as she progressed through her work and through her life. Leading up to her death, she focused heavily on ancient cultures and spirituality.[11]

In 1960 and 1961, as Brown began to mature as an artist, she switched from painting abstract works to focusing more on figurative imagery. These paintings began to incorporate intense colors and dramatic lighting. The energy she brought into these paintings was through the use of large brush strokes and palette knives. She would also allow paint to drip randomly on various areas of the canvas. The imagery she portrayed helped set the tone that these paintings, such as Portrait of Bob for Bingo (1960), were very autobiographical and helped to represent important events and objects in her life.[12]

In 1962, Brown had her son, Noel Elmer Neri, with her second husband, Manuel Neri. In 1963–1964, Brown’s paintings were focused on the life of her son. She painted major events and challenges that happened in her son’s life throughout this time. One of her first paintings that focused on Noel was Noel’s First Christmas (1963), which was especially important to her because it mixed her love for her son with her love for Christmas.[13] Her painting The Sky Blew Up in Salinas (1960) had many abstract shapes inspired by Peter Voulkos's technique in his ceramic works and Frank Lobdell's handling of paint.[14]

In the 1970s Brown produced autobiographical works based on actual and imagined events.[6] She was a swimmer in amateur competitions and swam in the first women's Golden Gate swim in San Francisco Bay.[15] In 1974 she joined the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley teaching art.[1] In 1975 she and a group of others nearly drowned during a swim to Alcatraz Island when a passing freighter swamped the group. Her paintings based on the experience included the self-portrait After the Alcatraz Swim #3.[6]

Brown painted many self-portraits. While all of her paintings were very personal and incorporated into them specific events from her life, her self-portraits made her paintings become even more personal. Not only were they fitting to her life, she also tied her self-portraits into some of her other paintings. She created these series of self-portraits to help portray what thoughts and emotions are going on in her head. After her near death experience of swimming across the San Francisco Bay from Alcatraz Island, she painted After the Alcatraz Swim in 1975 to help her cope with almost drowning. Her paintings had so much emotion in them, and this is why she is such an influential artist.[14] In 1965, after going through her second divorce, Brown decided to completely change up her painting style and switched from the vibrant colorful paints to painting more intimate, detailed, less spontaneous, black and white paintings.[14]

In 1968, Brown got remarried to artist Gordon Cook. While seemingly very different, the two artists respected and inspired each other’s work. Brown went back to using color again in her paintings. Her paintings at this time were produced for self-reflection. She kept her technique as figurative and representational, but she focused more metaphorically now. This had to do with many recent events in her life, including the death of both of her parents.[16] Her love for cats began to show in her works. She started to include more animals and more symbolism than she had done previously.[17]

In the late 1970s, Brown became increasingly interested in spirituality and New Age ideas, eventually becoming an adherent of Sathya Sai Baba. She made a number of trips to his ashram in Puttaparthi, India. She withdrew from painting later on and concentrated on public sculpture. Her influences were Egyptian and Hindu icons.[9] The works she produced after this trip reflected the experiences and observations she made.[18] Brown then travelled all over the world, producing paintings from the different cultures and experiences she was having. In 1990, Brown travelled to India to help with the installation of her obelisk. She died in a construction accident while installing an obelisk at the Sai Baba's Eternal Heritage Museum – "Sanathana Samskruti" in Puttaparthi, India.[19]"Joan Brown, Art: Berkeley", University of California: In Memoriam, 1991.

References

  1. 1 2 Glueck, Grace. "Joan Brown, Artist and Professor, 52; Inspired by Ancients", The New York Times, Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  2. ↑ "Funk art.". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  3. ↑ Tsujimoto and Baas 1998, p. 3.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Tsujimoto and Baas 1998, p. 11.
  5. ↑ Handy, Amy (1989). "Artist's Biographies - Joan Brown". In Randy Rosen; Catherine C. Brower. Making Their Mark. Women Artists Move into the Mainstream, 1970-1985. Abbeville Press. p. 241. ISBN 0-89659-959-0.
  6. 1 2 3 Stein, Judith E.; Ann-Sargent Wooster (1989). "Making Their Mark - Reviving Representation". In Randy Rosen; Catherine C. Brower. Making Their Mark. Women Artists Move into the Mainstream, 1970-1985. Abbeville Press. pp. 75–77. ISBN 0-89659-959-0.
  7. ↑ Tsujimoto and Baas 1998, p. 235.
  8. ↑ Strong, Charles; Whitney Chadwick (1995). Working Together—Joan Brown and Manuel Neri, 1958-1964: March 21-April 29, 1995. Wiegand Gallery, College of Notre Dame.
  9. 1 2 Knight, Brenda, ed. (1998). Women of the Beat Generation: The Writers, Artists and Muses at the Heart of a Revolution. Conari Press. pp. 327–330. ISBN 978-1-57324-138-0.
  10. ↑ Tsujimoto and Baas 1998, pp. 3–4.
  11. 1 2 3 Tsujimoto and Baas 1998, p. 1.
  12. ↑ Tsujimoto and Baas 1998, p. 30.
  13. ↑ Tsujimoto and Baas 1998, p. 63.
  14. 1 2 3 FitzSimons, Casey. "'Transformation: The Art Of Joan Brown' At The Berkeley Art Museum And The Oakland Museum Of California." Artweek 29.12 (1998): 12-13. Art Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 5 May 2016.
  15. ↑ "Biography". Joan Brown Estate. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  16. ↑ Tsujimoto and Baas 1998, p. 98.
  17. ↑ Tsujimoto and Baas 1998, p. 107.
  18. ↑ Tsujimoto and Baas 1998, p. 138.
  19. ↑ "Internationally Known Bay Area Artist Dies in Museum Accident in India", Associated Press, October 28, 1990. (Accessed via LexisNexis Academic, 2008-03-15.)

Sources

External links

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