John Alan

Sir John Alan, or Alen (c.1500–1561) was a leading statesman in sixteenth century Ireland. He was a member of the Irish House of Commons, and held the offices of Master of the Rolls in Ireland, Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland and Lord Chancellor of Ireland. Though he was childless himself, his relatives founded a prominent landowning dynasty in County Kildare (as well as holding substantial lands in County Dublin) and acquired a baronetcy.

Family

He was born at Coltishall in Norfolk, son of Thomas Alen. The Alens were a numerous family and five of his brothers, of whom we know most about William and Thomas, also settled in Ireland. John Alen, Archbishop of Dublin, who was murdered in the Silken Thomas rebellion, was a close relative, probably an uncle or first cousin of the judge.^[1]

Early career

Alen studied law at Gray's Inn, and entered the service of Cardinal Wolsey who sent him to Ireland in 1528 to promote the Cardinal's authority as legate and to act as secretary to his cousin the Archbishop, with whom Wolsey had quarrelled.^[2] Neither Wolsey's downfall nor the retirement of the Archbishop from the Lord Chancellorship harmed Alen's career: he became clerk to the Irish Parliament, Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland (an office which he held for life) and in 1533 Master of the Rolls in Ireland. The latter office at that time was administrative rather than judicial in nature: to be a qualified lawyer, like Alen himself, was desirable but not essential, and at least two sixteenth-century Masters were non-lawwyers.

Silken Thomas

In 1533 Alen and Sir Gerald Aylmer, with whom he was always closely associated, presented a petition to the Crown about the misgovernment of Ireland by Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare and his son Silken Thomas. Just before the outbreak of Silken Thomas's Rebellion, Alen and his brothers sent an urgent letter to London urging Thomas's arrest.^[3] While the murder of their cousin Archbishop Alen was the most notorious act of the rebellion, neither John Alen nor his brothers seem to have suffered. Though by his own admission he was "not a soldier" he played some part in suppressing the rebellion.^[4]

Dissolution of the Monasteries

In 1539 Alen was appointed head of the commission for the Dissolution of the Monasteries in Ireland, with instructions to receive voluntary resignations and surrenders and provide for the payment of pensions, but to "apprehend and punish" all those who maintained Papal authority. Alen had already received his reward: St. Wolstan's, near Celbridge, County Kildare, had been suppressed in 1536 and granted to Alen. The Alen family remained at St. Wolstan's for two centuries. He was also granted the lands of present-day Palmerstown in County Dublin: in his will he left these lands to his widow for her life, after which it was to pass to the children of his brother William.

His brother Thomas, who had been appointed Clerk of the Hanaper, received the former property of the Order of St John of Jerusalem at Kilteel; this may have been at John's request, or at the request of the last Prior of the Order, Sir John Rawson, later Viscount Clontarf, whose natural daughter Mary married Thomas.^[5] Kilteel also remained in the Alen family for centuries: the Castle, an excellent example of a medieval tower house, survives today.

Kilteel Castle, the home of John Alen's brother Thomas

Lord Chancellor, removal and return

In 1538, on the death of John Barnewall, 3rd Baron Trimlestown, Alen became Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, and subsequently Lord Chancellor of Ireland. Even his enemies acknowledged that he was a hardworking and conscientious judge. However he quarrelled with the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Sir Anthony St. Leger, who wrote to London complaining of Alen's conduct. Alen was summoned before the English Privy Council and accused of corruption and a vaguer charge of "promoting discord". Alen strongly defended himself, saying he was the "cleanest-handed Chancellor in the memory of man";^[6] but the charges were upheld and he was removed from office. Whether he was guilty of corruption or simply the victim of St. Leger's enmity it is difficult to say. Alen was accused by Walter Cowley, the Principal Solicitor for Ireland, who until then had been generally regarded as Alen's puppet, of inducing Cowley to write the "Gowran letter" where St. Leger was accused of deliberately endangering the life of James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond: Cowley certainly wrote the letter but whether Alan had any part in it is unclear. He was deprived of his pension; yet a year later the Council ordered the restoration of all his property.^[7]

In 1548 Alen regained the Lord Chancellorship; but on St. Leger's return to power in 1550 he felt it best to retire, despite assurances of the King's goodwill. Given the enmity between them, O'Flanagan^[8] regarded Alen's magnanimous conduct towards St. Leger as praiseworthy: when Archbishop Browne charged St. Leger with treasonable words, he gave Alen as his source. Alen however refused to repeat St. Leger's words on the grounds that they had been spoken in confidence.

Last years

In 1553 on the death of Edward VI his sister Mary I reappointed Alen to the Privy Council of Ireland. Her letter to the Council is a tribute to the high regard in which he was held: it praises him for his "trusty functions" under Henry VIII and Edward, and his "long experience and travail in public affairs".^[9] On a more personal note, the letter refers to his age and infirmity and urges that he not be required to undertake any long journeys. Despite the reference to his age and infirmity, Ball^[10] notes that he was elected to the Irish House of Commons as member for Kinsale in 1560: given the distance between Kinsale and his home, and the condition of the Irish roads at the time, we may infer that he was largely an absentee MP.

Death and heirs

Alen died at St. Wolstan's in 1561 and was buried at Donoghcomper Church; a memorial was erected to him and an Alen family vault was later added. By his last will he left much of his property to his widow for her life, and after her death to his nephew John, who was most likely the son of his brother William. John, who also inherited Kilteel Castle from Thomas Alen, was the grandfather of Sir Thomas Alen, 1st Baronet, who was created a baronet in 1621 in recognition of the services to the Crown of his relative the Archbishop.^[11]

King's Inns

Alen was closely associated with the foundation of the King's Inns in 1541. Although it was Patrick Barnewall, a future Master of the Rolls, who first wrote to Thomas Cromwell in 1538 urging that the former religious house at Blackfriars (near present-day Henrietta Street) should become a "House of Chancery",^[12] the lease for 21 years granted by Henry VIII in 1541 has Alen at the head of the list of lessees; and in 1542 his name is on the petition to the King urging the grant of the property to the lessees in perpetuity.^[13]

Character

O'Flanagan^[14] praises him as an honest and honourable man, notes the high opinion of him held by three successive English monarchs and remarks that he was capable of magnanimous behaviour even to bitter opponents. Elrington Ball^[15] admits his good qualities, but adds that he was quarrelsome and undiplomatic, and not free from the suspicion of corruption.

References

1. Ball, F. Elrington The Judges in Ireland 1221–1921 John Murray London 1926
2. Ball Judges in Ireland
3. O'Flanagan, J. Roderick Lives of the Lord Chancellors of Ireland London 1870
4. Judges in Ireland
5. The Prior, despite having taken a vow of celibacy, had at least three illegitimate children.
6. Judges in Ireland
7. O'Flanagan LIves of the Chancellors
8. Lives of the Chancellors
9. Quoted in O'Flanagan
10. Judges in Ireland
11. Ball Judges in Ireland
12. Kenny, Colum King's Inns and the Kingdom of Ireland Irish Academic Press Cork 1992
13. Kenny King's Inns
14. Lives of the Chancellors
15. Judges in Ireland