Jorge Sampaio

His Excellency Jorge Sampaio GColTE GCIH GColL GCMG
18th President of Portugal
In office 9 March 1996 – 9 March 2006
Prime Minister	António Guterres José Manuel Barroso Pedro Santana Lopes José Sócrates
Preceded by	Mário Soares
Succeeded by	Aníbal Cavaco Silva
Mayor of Lisbon
In office 22 January 1990 – 15 November 1995
Preceded by	Nuno Krus Abecassis
Succeeded by	João Soares
Secretary-General of the Socialist Party
In office 15 January 1989 – 23 February 1992
Preceded by	Vítor Constâncio
Succeeded by	António Guterres
Personal details
Born	Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio 18 September 1939 Lisbon, Portugal
Political party	Socialist Party
Spouse(s)	Maria José Rodrigues Ritta
Children	Vera Ritta de Sampaio André Ritta de Sampaio
Alma mater	University of Lisbon
Profession	Lawyer
Signature

Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio, GColTE, GCIH, GColL, GCMG (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʒɔɾʒ(ɨ) sɐ̃ˈpaju]) (born 18 September 1939 in Lisbon) is a Portuguese lawyer and politician who was the 18th President of Portugal from 1996 to 2006.

Early life and political career

Sampaio was born in Lisbon on 18 September 1939. The Sampaio family lived abroad in the United States and the United Kingdom for some years, due to the professional activity of his father Arnaldo de Sampaio (1908–1984), a Medical Doctor. His mother was Fernanda Bensaúde Branco (1908 – Lisbon, 15 February 2000). His maternal grandmother Sara Bensliman Bensaúde, who died in 1976, was a of Sephardi Jew from Morocco of Portuguese origin, and his maternal grandfather Fernando Branco (1880–1940) was a Naval Officer of the Portuguese Navy and later the Foreign Minister of Portugal; Sampaio himself is agnostic, and does not consider himself a Jew.^[1] He started his political career as college student of the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon. Jorge Sampaio was involved in the student contestation against the fascist regime and was leader of the Lisbon students union between 1960 and 1961. Following his graduation in 1961, Jorge Sampaio started a notable career as a lawyer, often involved in the defence of many political prisoners.

His brother is the teenage-psychiatrist and writer Daniel Sampaio.

He married firstly a medical doctor named Karin Schmidt Dias, daughter of António Jorge Dias (Porto, 31 July 1907 – Lisbon, 5 February 1973) and his German wife, Margot Schmidt. The couple had no issue and later divorced. He married secondly Maria José Rodrigues Ritta (b. Lisbon, 19 December 1941), daughter of José António Ritta and wife Maria José Rodrigues Xavier and sister of Maria Ermelinda and José António, by whom he had two children: Vera Ritta de Sampaio (b. 1977) and André Ritta de Sampaio (b. 1981).

After the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974, Sampaio funded Movimento de Esquerda Socialista (MES) (Portuguese acronym for Socialist Left Movement) but abandoned the political project soon after. In 1978 he joined PS, the Socialist Party, where he remains to present day. His first election as a deputy for Lisbon in the Portuguese National Parliament is in 1979. Between this year and 1984, he was a member of the European Commission for Human Rights, where he developed important work on these topics. Between 1986 and 1987 he was president of the parliamentary bench of the Socialist Party. In 1989, he was elected president of this political group, an office he held until 1991. Also in 1989, Jorge Sampaio was elected the 62nd Mayor of Lisbon, charge he took in 1990, and re-elected in 1993, remaining in office until 1995.

Presidency

In 1995, Jorge Sampaio announced his wish to run for the presidency of the Republic. He won the election of 14 January 1996 in the first round against Aníbal Cavaco Silva, the former prime-minister by then, and became president on 9 March. After a non-controversial first mandate, he was re-elected as President on 14 January 2001.

As President, Sampaio's actions were focused on social and cultural affairs. In the international political scene, he oversaw the transfer of Macao's sovereignty to China in December 1999 and he also gave important publicity to the cause of East Timor's independence. In October 2003, he invited the presidents of Finland, Germany, as well as of soon-to-be EU members Hungary, Latvia and Poland to Arraiolos in order to discuss the consequences of the 2004 enlargement of the European Union and plans for a Constitution for Europe.^[2] Such conventions of non-executive presidents of EU member states have become a regular event, and have been dubbed Arraiolos meetings.

It is generally considered that Sampaio's presidency were marked by a firm sense of prudence and moderation, an approach which earned him a remarkably uneventful first term in office. In 2004, however, his refusal to hold early elections following Social Democratic Prime Minister José Manuel Durão Barroso's resignation met with vigorous protest from all left-wing parties and even led to the stepping down of Socialist leader Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues. Sampaio made this decision to ensure political stability at a time when the country was facing economic recession, and he appointed Pedro Santana Lopes as Prime Minister. However, only four months afterwards, on 30 November, Sampaio concluded that the new cabinet was not achieving the desired stability, but quite the opposite, and he therefore dissolved the Parliament, calling new elections for February 2005.

On 24 February 2005, Sampaio called on José Sócrates, as the nation's next prime minister, to form a government.

Sampaio's successor was chosen in the presidential election held on 22 January 2006. Aníbal Cavaco Silva, the man he defeated in 1996, succeeded Sampaio on 9 March 2006.

As a former President, Sampaio is a Member of the Portuguese Council of State. He is also a member of the Club of Madrid,^[3] an independent non-profit organization composed of 81 democratic former presidents and Prime Ministers from 57 different countries.

Jorge Sampaio is also known for supporting bullfights. Although the Portuguese law does not allow bullfights ending with the death of the bull in the arena, Jorge Sampaio was able to promote an exception to this law for Barrancos in The Alentejo province.

Electoral results

1996 Portuguese presidential election

Summary of 14 January 1996 Portuguese presidential election results

Candidates		Supporting parties	First round
			Votes	%
	Jorge Sampaio	Socialist Party	3,035,056	53.91
	Aníbal Cavaco Silva	Social Democratic Party, People's Party	2,595,131	46.09
	Jerónimo de Sousa^[A]	Portuguese Communist Party, Ecologist Party "The Greens"	left the race
	Alberto Matos^[B]	People's Democratic Union	left the race
Total valid			5,630,187	100.00
Blank ballots			69,328	1.20
Invalid ballots			63,463	1.10
Total (turnout 66.29%)			5,762,978
^A ^B Both candidates left the race in favour of Jorge Sampaio.
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

2001 Portuguese presidential election

 Summary of the 14 January 2001 Portuguese presidential election results

Candidates		Supporting parties	First round
			Votes	%
	Jorge Sampaio	Socialist Party	2,401,015	55.55
	Ferreira do Amaral	Social Democratic Party, People's Party	1,498,948	34.68
	António Simões de Abreu	Portuguese Communist Party, Ecologist Party "The Greens"	223,196	5.16
	Fernando Rosas	Left Bloc	129,840	3.00
	António Garcia Pereira	Workers' Communist Party	68,900	1.59
Total valid			4,321,899	100.00
Blank ballots			82,391	1.85
Invalid ballots			45,510	1.02
Total (turnout 49.71%)			4,449,800
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Post-presidential career

Sampaio is a member of the Club de Madrid, an organization of more than 80 former democratic statesmen. The group works to strengthen democratic governance and leadership worldwide by drawing on the experience of its members.^[4]

In May 2006, Sampaio was appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General as his first Special Envoy for the Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis. In April 2007, current UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon designated him as High Representative for the Alliance of Civilizations, a position he held till September 2012.

In 2010, he participated in the jury for the Conflict Prevention Prize^[5] awarded every year by the Fondation Chirac.

Honours and awards

In 2008, he was awarded the North-South Prize of the Council of Europe. In 2015, he was a recipient of the Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Prize, along with Dr. Helena Ndume, in recognition for his role in the struggle for the restoration of democracy in Portugal, the pro bono defence of political prisoners, and for raising awareness of tuberculosis as UN Secretary-General’s first Special Envoy to Stop Tuberculosis.^[6][7]

• Grand Master of the Order of the Tower and Sword (Portugal)
• Knight Grand Cross with Grand Cordon of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
• Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (Estonia)
• Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav ( Norway)
• Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (United Kingdom)
• Order of the Three Stars (Latvia)
• Order of the White Eagle (Poland, 1997)
• Order of the White Double Cross, First Class (Slovakia, 2003)^[8]
• Grand Cross of the Order of Vytautas the Great (Lithuania)^[9]
• Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (Belgium) (October 2005)^[10]
• Member of Honor of TUIST – Tuna Universitária do Instituto Superior Técnico

See also

• Politics of Portugal
• History of Portugal

Notes

1. See Portugal´s President: ´I am proud of my Jewish ancestry´, Michael Freund, retrieved from the Jerusalem Post of the 7th of November, 2003:

   Jerusalem Post: I understand that you have Jewish ancestry in your family. What is your personal connection to the Jewish people? Do you consider yourself to be a Jew?.

   Jorge Sampaio: My grandmother belonged to a Jewish family that came from Morocco in the beginning of the 19th century. She married a non-Jewish naval officer who later was Foreign Affairs minister. I am naturally very proud of this ancestry and of all those that I call my "favorite Jewish cousins," one of whom is the president of the Lisbon Jewish Community, as I am proud of the ancestry on my non-Jewish father's side. Personally, I am agnostic, and I do not consider myself a Jew; but I am proud, as I said, of my ancestors.

2. "Foreign Policy Events, 13–20 October 2003". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
3. The Club of Madrid is an independent non-profit organization composed of 81 democratic former presidents and Prime Ministers from 57 different countries. It constitutes the world's largest forum of former Heads of State and Government, who have come together to respond to a growing demand for support among leaders in democratic leadership, governance, crisis and post-crisis situations. All lines of work share the common goal of building functional and inclusive societies, where the leadership experience of our Members is most valuable.
4. Club de Madrid. "Jorge Sampaio – Club de Madrid". Retrieved 21 December 2015.
5. "The Jury". Fondation Chirac. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
6. Kutesa announces the winners of the United Nations Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Prize
7. "United Nations News Centre". UN News Service Section. 22 June 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
8. Slovak republic website, State honours : 1st Class in 2003 (click on "Holders of the Order of the 1st Class White Double Cross" to see the holders' table)
9. Lithuanian Presidency, Lithuanian Orders searching form
10. Royal website photo

Tuist.pt

External links

• Dr. Jorge Sampaio website (English)
• Official website of the President of the Republic