Joseph Chatoyer
Joseph Chatoyer, also known as Satuye (died March 14, 1795), was a Garifuna (Carib) chief who led a revolt against the British colonial government of Saint Vincent in 1795. Killed that year, he is now considered a national hero of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and also of Belize, Costa Rica and other Carib countries he fought for during the war. (Camillo Gonsalves, Permanent Representative of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines to the United Nations, described him in 2011 as his country's "sole national hero".[1])
For two centuries, the indigenous Carib population of the island succeeded in resisting European attempts at colonization by retreating to the mountainous, densely forested interior of the island. They were joined by runaway African slaves, forming a unique new culture which combined elements of African and Amerindian heritage. By the 1770s, both Britain and France had made inroads on Saint Vincent. In 1772, the native population rebelled. Led by Chatoyer, the First Carib War forced the British to sign a treaty with them; it was the first time Britain had been forced to sign an accord with indigenous people in the Caribbean.
By 1795, it became apparent to the local population that Britain had no intention of keeping to the treaty and they rose in rebellion. This time, however, the Carib were joined by a group of French radicals inspired by the ideals of the French Revolution. In the Second Carib War, Chatoyer divided the island with his brother Duvalle, another chieftain.[2] Duvalle had a Guadeloupean lieutenant by the name of Massoteau.[3] Working his way along the coast, Chatoyer met with his French supporters at Chateaubelair, and together the forces worked their way to Dorsetshire Hill, from where they would launch their attack on Kingstown.
On March 14, a battalion of British soldiers led by General Ralph Abercromby, marched toward Dorsetshire Hill. That night, Chatoyer was killed by Major Alexander Leith. Though the rebellion continued until October 1796 under the leadership of Duvalle,[2] Chatoyer's death led to the desertion of the French supporters and turned the tide of the war.
As a national hero of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Chatoyer is recognized with a monument on Dorsetshire Hill, where he died.
Legacy
- A play based on his life, The Drama of King Shotaway, written by William Henry Brown, a black American from the West Indies, and Director of the African Company. It was the first play written in the United States by a black man. The play was produced by the African Company at the African Grove Theatre in New York City in 1823, but no manuscript survived.[4]
References
- ↑ Review of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Universal Periodic Review, United Nations Human Rights Council, May 10, 2011
- 1 2 Cayetano, Sebastian (1993). Garifuna History, Language & Culture of Belize, Central America & the Caribbean. The Author. p. 23. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
- ↑ Lara, Oruno D. (1998). De L'Oubli à l'Histoire. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose. p. 82. ISBN 2-86877-138-6.
- ↑ Bernard Peterson, Early Black American Playwrights and Dramatic Writers: A Biographical Directory and Catalog of Plays, Films, and Broadcasting Scripts, Greenwood Publishing, 1990, pp. 37-39
http://sharenews.com/joseph-chatoyer-led-fight-against-british-in-st-vincent/