Jalandhar

This article is about the municipality in Punjab, India. For its namesake district, see Jalandhar district.
Jalandhar
ਜਲੰਧਰ
जलंधर
Jullundur
Metropolitan City

Pushpa Gujral Science City, Kapurthala Road, Jalandhar[2]
Nickname(s): JUC, JRC
Jalandhar
Coordinates: 31°19′34″N 75°34′34″E / 31.326°N 75.576°E / 31.326; 75.576Coordinates: 31°19′34″N 75°34′34″E / 31.326°N 75.576°E / 31.326; 75.576
Country India
State Punjab
District Jalandhar
Government
 • Commissioner Sh. Manpreet Singh Chattwal[3]
 • Mayor Sh. Sunil Jyoti[4]
Area
 • Total 3,401 km2 (1,313 sq mi)
Elevation 228 m (748 ft)
Population (2011)
 • Total 862,196
 • Density 250/km2 (660/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official Punjabi
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 144 001
Telephone code +91-181-XXX XXXX
Vehicle registration PB 08

Jalandhar (Punjabi Gurmukhi: ਜਲੰਧਰ), formerly Jullundur, is a city in the northwestern India state of Punjab.

The oldest city in Punjab and one of the oldest in the country, Jalandhar has seen rapid urbanization and developed into a highly industrialised centre of commercial activity in recent years. Jalandhar was the capital of Punjab from India's independence (1947) until Chandigarh was built in 1953. On the Grand Trunk Road, it is a major rail and road junction and is 144 km northwest of the state capital, Chandigarh. The city was known as Jullundur in British India.

History

The history of Jalandhar District comprises three periods — ancient, medieval and modern.

In ancient time, the district comprised the whole of the Upper Doabas from Ravi River to Sutlej River. The city[5] is named after Jalandhar, a demon king, who is mentioned in the Puranas and Mahabharta. According to another legend, Jalandhar was the capital of the kingdom of Lava (Ramayana), son of Rama. According to another version Jalandhar is said to have derived its name from the vernacular term `Jalandhar' means area inside the water, i.e., tract lying between the two rivers Satluj and Beas. Another name was Trigartta which was ruled by the Katoch Dynasty, as it was waters by three rivers, Satluj, Beas and Ravi. The whole of Punjab and the area of present Jalandhar District was part of the Indus Valley Civilization. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are the sites where remains of the Indus Valley Civilization have been found extensively. The archaeological explorations made during recent years have pushed the ancient times of Jalandhar District of Harappa period.

The modern history of Jalandhar District states that Khilafat Movement was started in the district in early 1920 to bring pressure upon British rulers to change their policy towards Turkey. Mahatma Gandhi extended sympathy and support to this movement. Jalandhar District was declared 'Proclaimed Area' under the Seditious Meetings Act. After the independence of the country, however, the district was affected by communal riots and exodus of minority communities from both sides of the border, consequent upon the partition of the country.

Geography

The city has a humid subtropical climate with cool winters and hot summers. Summers last from April to June and winters from November to February. Temperatures in the summer vary from average highs of around 48 °C (118 °F) to average lows of around 25 °C (77 °F). Winter temperatures have highs of 19 °C (66 °F) to lows of −7 °C (19 °F). The climate is dry on the whole, except during the brief southwest monsoon season during July and August. The average annual rainfall is about 70 cm.

Climate data for Jalandhar
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 19.4
(66.9)		 21.6
(70.9)		 26.0
(78.8)		 34.5
(94.1)		 39.4
(102.9)		 43.6
(110.5)		 34.1
(93.4)		 33.1
(91.6)		 32.6
(90.7)		 31.5
(88.7)		 27.2
(81)		 22.3
(72.1)		 30.44
(86.8)
Average low °C (°F) 6.2
(43.2)		 8.6
(47.5)		 13.2
(55.8)		 19.0
(66.2)		 23.8
(74.8)		 25.6
(78.1)		 24.7
(76.5)		 25.8
(78.4)		 21.8
(71.2)		 18.3
(64.9)		 12.1
(53.8)		 7.2
(45)		 17.19
(62.95)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 10.7
(0.421)		 16.7
(0.657)		 32.8
(1.291)		 15.2
(0.598)		 20.4
(0.803)		 69.7
(2.744)		 155.2
(6.11)		 183.6
(7.228)		 60.0
(2.362)		 1.5
(0.059)		 6
(0.24)		 15
(0.59)		 586.8
(23.103)
Source: [6]

Demographics

As per provisional data of 2011 census Jalandhar had a population of 873,725, of which 463,975 were male and 409,750 female. The literacy rate was 85.46 per cent.[7]

Religion in Jalandhar[8]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
  
 74.90%
Sikhism
  
 21.39%
Islam
  
 1.47%
Christianity
  
 1.02%
Others
  
 1.22%

Economy

Upmarket localities include Civil lines, Dilbagh Nagar Extension, Mota Singh Nagar, Green Park, Green Model Town, Model Town, Model house, Jawahar Nagar, Gupta Colony, Guru Teg Bahadur Nagar, Urban Estate Phase I & II, New Jawahar Nagar, Defence Colony, Adarsh nagar, Adampur Doaba, J.P. Nagar, Grover Colony, Central Town etc.

Jalandhar provides goods like glass and furniture to neighbouring cities and is a hub of sports goods manufacture for international market.

Transport

By air

The nearest airport is Pathankot Airport at Pathankot, about 90 km and Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport at Amritsar, about 75 km (47 mi) northwest of Jalandhar. It is connected to other parts of the country by regular flights. Several airlines operate flights from abroad, including Birmingham, Dubai and Doha. The airport handles as many as 48 flights every week up from the occasional, intermittent ones some years ago.

By rail

Shaheed-E-Aazam Sardar Bhagat Singh, Interstate Bus Stand, Jalandhar

Jalandhar City railway station is well connected to other parts of country. Jalandhar city is a major station of the Amritsar-Delhi rail link. It is very well connected to capital Delhi by daily trains like Shatabdi Express, Intercity Express and other mail/superfast express. Direct train service is available for other major cities like Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Patna, Guwahati, Pune, Haridwar, Varanasi, Jaipur and Jammu Tawi. Some prestigious trains that halt in Jalandhar City railway station are Howrah Mail, Golden Temple Mail (Frontier Mail), New-Delhi Amritsar Shatabdi Express, Paschim Express. Now many trains of Jammu route are extend up to Mata Vaishno Devi-Katra.

By road

There is a large network of bus services of Punjab, Himachal, Delhi, Haryana, Pepsu, Chandigarh, U.P., Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan State Roadways, apart from private operators. Jalandhar has many good road services.

Commerce

Shopping & Real Estate

Viva Collage Mall

Real Estate

  1. Dremland property linkers

Shopping malls in Jalandhar include:

Religious places

Baba Peer in Jalandhar

Leisure

Interior of Viva Collage Mall, Jalandhar
View Of WonderLand's Water Park in the Evening
Science City
View of Nikku Park

Media

Punjab Kesari header with the photos of its founders, Lala Jagat Narain and Romesh Chander.
Jag Bani

Doordarshan Kendra, Jalandhar is an Indian television station in Jalandhar, owned and operated by state-owned Doordarshan, the television network of Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India).[10] It was established in 1979 and produces and broadcasts the 24-hour Punjabi language TV channel, DD Punjabi, which was launched in 1998 and covers most of the state of Punjab, India.

The city is the region's headquarters for newspapers, national television and radio stations. These include Daily Ajit, Jagbani, Punjab Kesari, Dainik Jagran, Hindustan Times, The Tribune, Dainik Bhaskar, Hind Samachar, etc.[11][12][13][14]

State-owned All India Radio has a local station in Jalandhar that transmits programs of mass interest. FM local radio stations include:

Healthcare

According to the Municipal Corporation of Jalandhar, there are over 420 hospitals in Jalandhar. The city claims to have highest number of hospitals in Asia.

Among them are

Sports

Dog Show held at Guru Gobind Singh Stadium

Cricket

Cricket is very popular in grounds and streets of the city. There is an international-standard stadium at Burlton Park. The Indian cricket team played a Test Match against the Pakistan cricket team on this ground on 24 September 1983.

Kabaddi

Major Kabaddi matches are usually held at Guru Gobind Singh Stadium.

Guru Gobind Singh Stadium

Guru Gobind Singh Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Jalandhar. It is usually used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of JCT Mills Football Club. People can be seen jogging, playing soccer, weight-lifting, etc. in the stadium most of the time. The Punjab government has started new projects at the stadium.

Surjit Hockey Stadium

Surjeet Hockey Stadium is a field hockey stadium in Jalandhar, Punjab, India. It is named after Jalandhar-born Olympian Surjit Singh. This stadium is home of the franchise Sher-e-Punjab of the World Series Hockey.

Sports college

There is a Government Sports College in the city and it is a focus for many of the National Sports Councils. In this college, many sports are played like cricket, hockey, swimming, volleyball, basketball, etc.

Education

Schools

Innocent Hearts School

St. Joseph's Boys' school in Jalandhar.

Colleges

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar

Higher education institutions include:

Universities

Jalandhar Cantonment

Main article: Jalandhar Cantonment

Notable people

Bhagat Singh
Yash Chopra
The Great Khali is from Shimla district on the way to Chopal. He belongs to the Rana Dynasty of Himachal
Amrish Puri
Ashwini Kumar Chopra
Harbhajan Singh
Rannvijay Singh
Karan Kundra
I. K. Gujral
Dharam Singh Uppal
Sugandha Mishra
Name Occupation
Yash Chopra Producer/Director[16]
Dr. Ranbir Singh Kanwar Sugarcane Researcher, Director of Research (Agriculture) PAU, Director of Research Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University[17]
Vanya Mishra Winner of Miss India Femina 2012
Lawrence Durrell Expatriate British novelist, poet, dramatist, and travel writer[18]
Sunil Dutt Actor[19]
Kundan Lal Saigal Actor/Singer[20] Amrish Puri Actor[21]
Jazzy B Singer
Sukhwinder Panchhi Singer
Apache Indian Singer
Sarbjit Cheema Singer
Kanth Kaler Singer
Master Saleem Singer
Hans Raj Hans Singer
Jagjit Singh Singer
Jasbir Jassi Singer
Bahadur Singh Indian former shot putter who won gold medal
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 4th Chief Martial Law Administrator and the sixth President of Pakistan
Diwan Bhai Abdul Hamid Revenue and Chief Minister of Kapurthala State
Hafeez Jullundhri Writer and poet
Baba Kashmira Singh Head of Sidhant Sant Samaj or Gurbani
Paul Nischal NRI President, first Indian candidate for the British Political Party
Col. Balbir Singh Kullar Hockey Player
Varinder Singh Ghuman Bodybuilder and Wrestler
Ajit Pal Singh Hockey Player
Surjit Singh Hockey Player
Pargat Singh Hockey Player
Inder Kumar Gujral Former Prime Minister of India
Harbhajan Singh Cricketer
Wasim Sajjad Two-time Acting President of Pakistan, Ex Chairman of Senate
Sheikh Anwarul Haq Former Chief Jistice
Mian Mohammed Sharif Surveyor General
Lala Amarnath Cricketer
Lala Jagat Narain Freedom fighter and founder of Punjab Kesri
Rannvijay Singh Indian Actor who acts in Bollywood and Punjabi Films and also a VJ on MTV India
Basheer Hussain Najafi One of the six Grand Ayatollahs
Sardar Swaran Singh Politician
Udham Singh (field hockey) Hockey Player
Darshan Singh (field hockey) Hockey Player
Salma Mumtaz Actress
Ashwini Kumar Chopra Journalist, Politician (MP-Karnal)
Kartar Singh Duggal Writer
Kulwant Singh Virk Writer
Ishar Singh (poet) Poet
Sadhu Singh Hamdard Freedom fighter and Writer
Prem Parkash Writer
Ajit Saini Writer and Army General
Hasrat Writer
Gurbachan Singh Talib Writer
Gurdial Singh Writer and novelist
Chaudhry Muhammad Ali Former Prime Minister of Pakistan
Swami Shraddhanand Indian educationist and an Arya Samaj missionary
Wazir Ali Cricketer
R. Paul Dhillon Indo-Canadian journalist
Arun Shourie Politician, author and journalist
Agha Sadiq Writer and poet
Dharam Singh Uppal Athlete
Balbir Singh, Sr. Hockey Player
Mandeep Singh Cricketer
Vimi Actress
Ranvir Shorey Actor
Sugandha Mishra Singer,Anchor,Comedian
Surbhi Jyoti Actress
General Zia ul Haq x Chief of army Staff and president of Pakistan
Garry Sandhu Singer
Diljit Dosanjh Singer
Vijay Sampla State Minister in Union Govt
Bhagat Chunni Lal Minister in Punjab Govt
Ram Kapoor Actor
Mohinder Singh Kaypee Politician
Sardar Buta Singh Ex-Home Minister of India

|- || Rattan Jalandharia

References

  1. ↑ http://www.pgsciencecity.org/contact.htm
  2. ↑ http://www.pgsciencecity.org/contact.htm
  3. ↑ http://www.mcjalandhar.in/comissiner-message.html
  4. ↑ http://www.mcjalandhar.in/mayor-message.html/
  5. ↑ http://jalandhar.nic.in/origin.aspx
  6. ↑ http://www.weather.com/weather/monthly/INXX0060?from=dayDetails_bottomnav_business| title = Average Weather for Jalandhar — Temperature and Precipitation | accessdate = November 4, 2012|publisher = The Weather Channel
  7. ↑ Census India 2011 - Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above
  8. ↑ http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/8-jalandhar.html
  9. ↑ "Wonderland". Wonderlandthemepark. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  10. ↑ "DOORDARSHAN KENDRA, BHAGWAN MAHAVIR MARG, JALANDHAR CITY".
  11. ↑ "हिन्दी समाचार | ताज़ा खबरें | विश्व समाचार - Punjab Kesari". Punjabkesari.in. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  12. ↑ "Jalandhar — Punjab — Page 1". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  13. ↑ "Jalandhar News, Jalandhar Hindi News, Jalandhar News Headlines, Daily News Paper, Local News". Bhaskar.com. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  14. ↑ "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India". Tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  15. ↑ Apeejay Institute of Management Technical Campus
  16. ↑ http://www.hindustantimes.com/jalandhar/king-khan-salutes-yash-chopra-s-alma-mater/article1-956296.aspx. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. ↑ Ranbir Singh Kanwar
  18. ↑ "The Modern Novel".
  19. ↑ "village khurd in jalandhar".
  20. ↑ "imdb".
  21. ↑ "veethi".

External links

Look up Jalandhar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jalandhar.
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