Jumhuriya
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Jumhūriyyah (Arabic: جمهورية‎) is the word for "republic" in the Arabic language. Loanwords representing variations of the term also exist in other languages such as Turkish and Persian.
States known officially as Jumhūriyyah:
- current
- Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) (1923)
- Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: الجمهورية اللبنانية‎, Al-JumhÅ«riyyah al-LubnÄnÄ«yah) (1943)
- Tunisian Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية التونسية‎, Al-Jumhūrīyah at-Tūnisīyah) (1956)
- Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمÛوریۂ پاكستان‎, IslÄmÄ« JumhÅ«riyah-yi PÄkistÄn) (1956)
- Republic of Sudan (Arabic: جمهورية السودان‎, JumhÅ«rÄ«yat as-SÅ«dÄn) (1956)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo) (1960)
- Republic of Chad (Arabic: جمهورية تشاد‎, JumhÅ«rÄ«yat TshÄd) (1960)
- Islamic Republic of Mauritania (Arabic: الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية‎, Al-JumhÅ«rÄ«yah al-IslÄmÄ«yah al-MÅ«rÄ«tÄnÄ«yah (1960)
- Arab Republic of Egypt (Arabic: جمهورية مصر العربية‎, Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah) (1961)
- Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية السورية‎, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah) (1961)
- People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (Arabic: الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية‎, Al-JumhÅ«rÄ«yah al-JazairÄh ad-DimuqrÄá¹iyya aÅ¡-Å aʾbiyya) (1962)
- Republic of Uganda (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Uganda) (1962)
- Republic of Kenya (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Kenya) (1964)
- United Republic of Tanzania (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania) (1964)
- Republic of Maldives (Maldivian: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyya) (1965)
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية الصØراوية الديمقراطية‎, Al-JumhÅ«rÄ«yah al-‘ArabÄ«yah aá¹£-á¹¢aḥrÄwÄ«yah ad-DÄ«muqrÄá¹Ä«yah) (1976, partially recognized)
- Republic of Djibouti (Arabic: جمهورية جيبوتي‎, Jumhūrīyat Jībūtī) (1977)
- Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران‎‎, Jomhuri-ye EslÄmi-ye IrÄn) (1979)
- Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti) (1983, partially recognized)
- Republic of Yemen (Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية‎, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Yamanīyah) (1990)
- Republic of Somaliland (Somali: Jamhuriyadda Somaliland; Arabic: جمهورية أرض الصومال‎, JumhÅ«rÄ«yat ArḠaá¹£-ṢūmÄl) (1991, unrecognized)
- Republic of Tajikistan (Tajik: Ҷумҳурии ТоҷикиÑтон, Jumhuriyi Tojikiston) (1991)
- Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (Pashto: د اÙغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت‎, Da AfÄ¡ÄnistÄn IslÄmÄ« Jumhoryat; Dari: جمهوری اسلامی اÙغانستان‎, JomhÅ«rÄ«-ye EslÄmÄ«-ye AfÄ¡ÄnestÄn) (2001)
- Republic of Iraq (Arabic: جمهورية العـراق‎, JumhÅ«rÄ«yat al-‘IrÄq) (2004)
- Federal Republic of Somalia (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الÙدرالية‎, JumhÅ«rÄ«yat aá¹£-ṢūmÄl al-FidirÄlÄ«yah) (2012)
- current sub-national units
- Republic of Dagestan (Avar: ДагъиÑтаналъул ЖумгьуриÑÑ‚, DaÉ£istanaÅ‚ul Zhumhuriyat) (1991)
- Republic of Tatarstan (Tatar: ТатарÑтан ҖөмһүриÑте, Tatarstan Cömhüriäti) (1991)
- Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Crimean Tatar: Qırım Muhtar Cumhuriyeti) (1991)
- Republic of Crimea (Crimean Tatar: Къырым Джумхуриети, Qırım Cumhuriyeti) (2014, partially recognized)
- historical
- Tripolitanian Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية الطرابلسية‎, Al-JumhÅ«riyyah aá¹-Ṭrabulsiyyah) (1918-1922)
- Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (Uzbek: Buxoro Xalq Shoʻro Jumhuriyati) (1920-1925)
- Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (Uzbek: Xorazm Xalq Sho'ro Jumhuriyati) (1920-1925)
- Persian Socialist Soviet Republic (Persian: جمهوری شوروی سوسیالیستی ایران‎‎, Jomhuri-e Sosialisti-e Iran) (1920-1921)
- Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری ایران‎‎, Jomhuri-e Iran) (1923-1925)
- Syrian Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية السورية‎, Al-Jumhūrīyah as-Sūrīyah) (1930-1958)
- United Islamic Republic of East Turkestan (Uyghur: شەرقىي تۈركىستان ئىسلام جۇمھۇرىيىتى‎, Sherqiy Türkistan Islam Jumhuriyiti) (1933-1934)
- East Turkestan Republic (Uyghur: شەرقىي تۈركىستان جۇمھۇرىيىتى‎, Sherqiy Türkistan Jumhuriyiti) (1944-1946)
- Republic of Egypt (Arabic: جمهورية مصر‎, Jumhūrīyat Miṣr) (1953-1958)
- Iraqi Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العراقية‎, Al-JumhÅ«rÄ«yah al-‘IrÄqÄ«yah) (1958-1968)
- United Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية المتØدة‎, Al-JumhÅ«riyyah al-‘ArabÄ«yah al-Muttaḥidah) (1958-1961)
- Yemen Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية اليمنية‎, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Yamanīyah) (1962-1990)
- People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (Arabic: جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية‎, JumhÅ«rÄ«yat al-Yaman ad-DÄ«muqrÄá¹Ä«yah ash-Sha‘bÄ«yah) (1967-1990)
- Iraqi Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العراقية‎, Al-JumhÅ«rÄ«yah al-‘IrÄqÄ«yah) (1968-2003)
- Libyan Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية الليبية‎, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʿArabiyyah al-Lībiyyah) (1969-1977)
- Federation of Arab Republics (Arabic: اتØاد الجمهوريات العربية‎, IttiḥÄd al-JumhÅ«rÄ«yÄt al-‘ArabÄ«yah) (1972–1977)
- Republic of Afghanistan (Pashto: د اÙغانستان جمهوریت‎, DÇ AfÄ¡ÄnistÄn JumhÅ«riyat; Dari: جمهوری اÙغانستان‎, JomhÅ«rÄ«-ye AfÄ¡ÄnestÄn) (1973-1978)
- Arab Islamic Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية الإسلامية‎, Al-JumhÅ«rÄ«yah al-Ê¿Arabiyyah al-IslÄmiyyah) (1974 proposal)
- Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Arabic: الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الإشتراكية العظمى‎, Al-JamÄhÄ«rÄ«yah al-‘ArabÄ«yah al-LÄ«bÄ«yah ash-Sha‘bÄ«yah al-IshtirÄkÄ«yah al-‘Uẓmá) (1977-2011)
- Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (Pashto: داÙغانستان دمکراتی جمهوریت‎, DÇ AfÄ¡ÄnistÄn DimukratÄ« JumhÅ«riyat; Dari: جمهوری دمکراتی اÙغانستان‎, JumhÅ«ri-ye DimukrÄtÄ«-ye AfghÄnistÄn) (1978-1992)
- Free Lebanon State (Arabic: جمهورية لبنان الØرة‎, JumhÅ«rÄ«yat LubnÄn al-Ḥurrah) (1979-1984)
- Republic of Kuwait (Arabic: جمهورية الكويت‎, Jumūrīyat al-Kuwait) (1990)
- Democratic Republic of Yemen (Arabic: جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية‎, JumhÅ«rÄ«yat al-Yaman ad-DÄ«muqrÄá¹Ä«yah) (1994)
See also
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