Justice of the King's Bench

The Justices of the King's Bench at work. This illuminated manuscript from about 1460 is the earliest known depiction of the English court.^[1]

Justice of the King's Bench, or Justice of the Queen's Bench during the reign of a female monarch, was a puisne judicial position within the Court of King's Bench, under the Chief Justice. The King's Bench was a court of common law which modern academics argue was founded independently in 1234, having previously been part of the curia regis.^[2] The court became a key part of the Westminster courts, along with the Exchequer of Pleas (qualified to hear cases involving revenue owed to the King) and the Court of Common Pleas (qualified to hear cases between subject and subject); the latter was deliberately stripped of its jurisdiction by the King's Bench and Exchequer, through the Bill of Middlesex and Writ of Quominus respectively. As a result, the courts jockeyed for power. In 1828 Henry Brougham, a Member of Parliament, complained in Parliament that as long as there were three courts unevenness was inevitable, saying that "It is not in the power of the courts, even if all were monopolies and other restrictions done away, to distribute business equally, as long as suitors are left free to choose their own tribunal", and that there would always be a favourite court, which would therefore attract the best lawyers and judges and entrench its position.^[3] The outcome was the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873, under which all the central courts were made part of a single Supreme Court of Judicature. Eventually the government created a High Court of Justice under Lord Coleridge by an Order in Council of 16 December 1880. At this point, the King's Bench formally ceased to exist.^[4]

The number of Justices at any one time varied; until 1348 it fluctuated between two and four, while between 1349 and 1391 there was only one. The number continued to change, but after 1522 was (in principle) fixed at three. Acts of Parliament in 1830 and 1868 provided funding for a fourth and fifth Justice respectively.^[5] Salaries were first established in 1278, with one Justice receiving 50 marks a year and the others 40. From 1307 all received 40, with additional pay increases resulting in each being paid £100 by 1389. Salaries of £1,000 a year were provided from 1645, increasing to £1,500 in 1714, £2,000 in 1759, £3,000 in 1799 and (after variations) the salary settled at £5,000 in 1828. In 1799 pension provisions were first made, starting at £2,000 a year and peaking at £3,500 in 1825.^[6]

List of Justices

Name	Born/Died	Active service	Reason for termination	Notes
Staines, RichardRichard Staines	d. 1277/8	1272—1274	Became a Justice of the Common Pleas	[6][7]
Stapleton, NicholasNicholas Stapleton	d. 1290	1273—1274 1278 1290		[8][9]
de Helyun, WalterWalter de Helyun		1273—1278	Became a Justice of the Common Pleas	[8]
Saham, WilliamWilliam Saham		1278 1288—1290	Became justice of an eyre circuit Convicted of judicial misconduct	[10]
Hopton, WalterWalter Hopton	1235—1295/6	1274—1278	Became senior justice of a court in Wales	[11]
Wimborne, WalterWalter Wimborne		1276—1289		[8]
Sutton, EllisEllis Sutton		1285—1287		[8]
Saham, WilliamWilliam Saham	c. 1225—1292	1288—1290	Convicted of judicial misconduct	[12]
Thornton, Gilbert deGilbert de Thornton	c. 1245—1295	1290	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[8][13]
Brabazon, RogerRoger Brabazon	c. 1247—1317	1290—1295	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[14]
Malet, RobertRobert Malet	d.1294	1290—1294	Died	[8][15]
Lovel, JohnJohn Lovel		1294—1230		[8]
Rothbury, Gilbert deGilbert de Rothbury	c. 1260—1321	1296 — 10 March 1316	Became a Justice of the Common Pleas	[16][17]
Ormesby, WilliamWilliam Ormesby	d. 1317	1296—1303	Became an Assize justice	[16][18]
Spigurnel, HenryHenry Spigurnel	c. 1261—1328	1301—1323	Retired	[16][19]
Trickingham, Lambert deLambert de Trickingham		6 August 1316 – 6 August 1320	Became a Baron of the Exchequer	[16]
Malberthorp, Robert deRobert de Malberthorp	d. 1331/2	6 August 1320 – 1 May 1329	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[16][20]
Stonor, JohnJohn Stonor	c. 1281 — August 1354	1323 — 3 May 1324	Became a Justice of the Common Pleas	[16][21]
Friskeney, WalterWalter Friskeney		3 May 1324 — 1326 6 March 1327 — 1328	Became a Justice of the Common Pleas	[16]
Baynard, RobertRobert Baynard	d.1329/30	9 March 1327 — 1329	Became an Assize justice	[16][22]
Shardelow, JohnJohn Shardelow	d. 5 March 1344	11 September 1329 – 29 January 1332	Became a Justice of the Common Pleas	[16][23]
Hambury, HenryHenry Hambury	c. 1271 — c. 1350	30 December 1329 — 1330	Became an Assize justice	[24][25]
Willoughby, Richard deRichard de Willoughby	c. 1290 — 14 March 1362	22 December 1330 – 28 March 1332	Became Chief Justice of the Common Pleas	[24][26]
Louth, ThomasThomas Louth		22 December 1330 — 1331	Became Chief Justice of the Justiciar's Court in Ireland	[24][27]
Edenham, GeoffreyGeoffrey Edenham		18 January 1331 — 1333		[24]
Bacon, ThomasThomas Bacon	d. 1336	28 January 1332 — 1335		[24]
Denum, WilliamWilliam Denum	d. 1350	1332—1334		[24][28][29]
Shareshull, William deWilliam de Shareshull	1289/90—1369	20 March 1334 – 14 May 1334 22 October 1344 – 10 November 1345	Became a Justice of the Common Pleas Became a Justice of the Common Pleas	[24][30]
de Scardeburgh, RobertRobert de Scardeburgh	c. 1348	24 September 1334 — 1344	Became Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in Ireland	[24][31]
Faunt, WilliamWilliam Faunt		1338		[24]
Brundish, RobertRobert Brundish		1338		[24]
Scott, WilliamWilliam Scott	d. 1352/6	2 May 1339 – 8 January 1341	Became Chief Justice of the Common Pleas	[32][33]
Baukwell, RogerRoger Baukwell	d. c. 1350	8 January 1341 — 1348	Became an Assize justice	[32][34]
Basset, WilliamWilliam Basset	d. 1356/7	28 October 1341 — 1353	Retired	[32][35]
Stonegrave, AdamAdam Stonegrave		1342		[32]
Thorp, WilliamWilliam Thorp	d. 27 May 1361	1345 — 16 November 1346	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[32][36]
Seton, ThomasThomas Seton	d. 1359/60	1354—1355 5 July 1357	Became a Justice of the Common Pleas	[32][37]
de Notton, WilliamWilliam de Notton	c. 1365	12 October 1355 – 10 July 1361	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench for Ireland	[32]
Ingleby, ThomasThomas Ingleby		25 June 1361 — 1377		[32]
Tresilian, RobertRobert Tresilian	d. 19 February 1388	6 May 1378 – 22 June 1381		[38]
Hanmer, DavidDavid Hanmer	d. 1387	26 February 1383 — 1386		[38]
Lockton, JohnJohn Lockton		25 October 1387		[38]
Hill, JohnJohn Hill	d. 1408	20 May 1389 — 1407		[38]
Huls, HughHugh Huls	d. 3 July 1415	20 May 1389 30 May 1394 - 1414	Retired	[38]
Tyrwhitt, RobertRobert Tyrwhitt	d. 6 January 1428	4 May 1408 – 6 January 1428	Died	[38]
Horton, RogerRoger Horton	d. 30 April 1423	16 June 1415 — 1422		[38]
Cheyne, WilliamWilliam Cheyne	d. 1443	16 June 1415 – 21 January 1424	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[38]
Hals, JohnJohn Hals		23 January 1424 - 1434		[39]
Westbury, WilliamWilliam Westbury	d. 25 December 1448	6 February 1426 – 21 February 1445	Retired	[39]
Goderede, WilliamWilliam Goderede	d. 1 January 1455	3 July 1434 – 1 January 1455	Died	[39]
Yelverton, WilliamWilliam Yelverton	d. 27 March 1476	1 July 1443 – 6 April 1471		[39]
Markham, JohnJohn Markham		6 February 1444 – 13 May 1461	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[39]
Bingham, RichardRichard Bingham	22 May 1476	5 May 1445 – 6 April 1471		[39]
Pole, RalphRalph Pole	d. 1460	3 July 1453 – 18 March 1460		[39]
Billing, ThomasThomas Billing	d. 5 May 1481	9 August 1464 – 23 January 1469	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[39]
Laken, WilliamWilliam Laken	d. 6 October 1475	4 June 1465 – 6 October 1475	Died	[39]
Nele, RichardRichard Nele		18 April 1469 – 17 June 1471	Became a Justice of the Common Pleas	[39]
Needham, JohnJohn Needham	d. 25 April 1480	17 June 1471 – 25 April 1480	Died	[40]
Younge, ThomasThomas Younge	d. 3/4 May 1477	29 April 1475 — 3/4 May 1477	Died	[40]
Fairfax, GuyGuy Fairfax	d. 1495	8 October 1477 — 1495	Died	[40]
Jenney, WilliamWilliam Jenney	d. 22/23 December 1483	14 May 1481 — 22/23 December 1483	Died	[40]
Sulyard, JohnJohn Sulyard	d. 14 March 1488	22 October 1484 – 14 March 1488	Died	[40]
Tremayle, ThomasThomas Tremayle	d. 10 September 1508	16 June 1488 – 10 September 1508	Died	[40]
Rede, RobertRobert Rede	d. 7/8 January 1519	24 November 1495 – 26 November 1506	Became Chief Justice of the Common Pleas	[40]
Brudenell, RobertRobert Brudenell	1461 – 30 January 1531	28 April 1507 – 23 April 1520	Became Chief Justice of the Common Pleas	[40]
Coningsby, HumphreyHumphrey Coningsby	d. 2 June 1535	21 May 1509 – 28 November 1533		[40]
More, JohnJohn More	d. 5 November 1530	23 April 1520 – 5 November 1530	Died	[40]
FitzJames, JohnJohn FitzJames	c. 1470 — 1538	6 February 1522 – 24 January 1526	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[40][41]
Port, JohnJohn Port	d. March 1540	10 July 1525 — March 1540	Died	[42]
Spelman, JohnJohn Spelman	d. 26 January 1546	3 July 1531 – 26 January 1546	Died	[42]
Luke, WalterWalter Luke	d. 21 July 1544	28 November 1533 – 21 July 1544	Died	[42]
Coningsby, WilliamWilliam Coningsby	d. 10 September 1540	5 July 1540 – 10 September 1540	Died	[42]
Mervin, EdmundEdmund Mervin	d. 1553	22 November 1540 — 1553	Died	[42]
Bromley, ThomasThomas Bromley	d. 15 May 1555	5 November 1544 – 4 October 1553	Became Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench	[42][43]
Portman, WilliamWilliam Portman	1497/8 — 5 February 1557	14 May 1546 – 11 June 1555	Became Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench	[42]
Whiddon, JohnJohn Whiddon	d. 27 January 1576	4 October 1553 – 27 January 1576	Died	[42]
Dalison, WilliamWilliam Dalison	d. 18 January 1559	2 November 1555 – 18 January 1559	Died	[42]
Morgan, FrancisFrancis Morgan	d. 19 August 1558	23 January 1558 – 19 August 1558	Died	[42]
Dyer, JamesJames Dyer	1510 — 24 March 1582	23 April 1558 – 27 April 1558	Retired	[42][44]
Rastell, WilliamWilliam Rastell	d. 27 August 1565	27 October 1558 – 10 February 1563		[45]
Corbet, ReginaldReginald Corbet	d. 19 November 1566	16 October 1559 – 19 November 1566	Died	[45]
Southcote, JohnJohn Southcote	d. 18 April 1585	10 February 1563 – 1 June 1584	Retired	[45]
Carus, ThomasThomas Carus	d. 5 July 1571	31 May 1567 – 5 July 1571	Died	[45]
Wray, ChristopherChristopher Wray		14 May 1572 – 8 November 1574	Became Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench	[45]
Gawdy, ThomasThomas Gawdy	d. 5 November 1588	16 November 1574 – 5 November 1588	Died	[45]
Jeffrey, JohnJohn Jeffrey		15 May 1576 – 12 October 1577	Became Chief Baron of the Exchequer	[45]
Ayloffe, WilliamWilliam Ayloffe	d. 17 November 1584	3 February 1578 – 17 November 1584	Died	[45]
Clench, JohnJohn Clench	d. 18/19 August 1607	29 May 1584 – 7 February 1602	Retired	[45]
Shute, RobertRobert Shute	d. 1590	8 February 1585 — 1590	Died	[45]
Gawdy, FrancisFrancis Gawdy		25 November 1588 – 26 August 1605	Became Chief Justice of the Common Pleas	[45]
Fenner, EdwardEdward Fenner	d. 23/24 January 1612	16 May 1590 — 23/24 January 1612	Died	[46]
Yelverton, ChristopherChristopher Yelverton	d. 1 November 1612	8 February 1602 – 1 November 1612	Died	[46]
Williams, DavidDavid Williams	d. 22 January 1613	4 February 1604 – 22 January 1613	Died	[46]
Tanfield, LawrenceLawrence Tanfield		13 January 1606 – 25 June 1607	Became Chief Baron of the Exchequer	[46]
Croke, JohnJohn Croke	d. 23 January 1620	25 June 1607 – 23 January 1620	Died	[46]
Doddridge, JohnJohn Doddridge	d. 12 September 1628	25 November 1612 – 12 September 1628	Died	[46]
Houghton, RobertRobert Houghton	d. 6 February 1624	21 April 1613 – 6 February 1624	Died	[46]
Chamberlayne, ThomasThomas Chamberlayne		8 October 1620 – 20 October 1624	Became a Justice of the Common Pleas	[46]
Jones, WilliamWilliam Jones	d. 10 December 1640	17 October 1624 – 10 December 1640	Died	[46]
Whitelocke, JamesJames Whitelocke	d. 20 June 1632	18 October 1624 – 20 June 1632	Died	[46]
Croke, GeorgeGeorge Croke		9 October 1628 – 25 March 1641		[46]
Berkeley, RobertRobert Berkeley	d. 5 August 1656	11 October 1632 – 12 September 1643	Discharged by Parliament	[47]
Heath, RobertRobert Heath		23 January 1641 – 11 October 1642	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[47]
Malet, ThomasThomas Malet		1 July 1641 – 24 November 1645 31 May 1660 – 13 June 1663	Discharged by Parliament Discharged	[47]
Bacon, FrancisFrancis Bacon	d. 22 August 1657	14 October 1642 – 8 February 1649	Declined reappointment	[47]
Brerewood, RobertRobert Brerewood		31 January 1644 — June 1646	Ceased to act after the fall of Oxford	[47]
Rolle, HenryHenry Rolle		7 October 1645 – 15 November 1648	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[47]
Browne, SamuelSamuel Browne		22 November 1648 – 8 February 1649	Declined reappointment	[47]
Jermyn, PhilipPhilip Jermyn		22 November 1648 – 18 March 1654	Not reappointed	[47]
Nicholas, RobertRobert Nicholas		12 June 1649 – 23 January 1654 19 January 1660 — May 1660	Became a Baron of the Exchequer Not reappointed	[47]
Aske, RichardRichard Aske	d. 23 June 1656	12 June 1649 – 23 June 1656	Died	[47]
Newdigate, RichardRichard Newdigate		30 May 1654 — 1 May 1655 13 June 1657 – 19 January 1660	Not reappointed Became Chief Justice of the Upper Bench	[48]
Warburton, PeterPeter Warburton		11 February 1656 — May 1659	Not reappointed	[48]
Hill, RogerRoger Hill		19 January 1660 — May 1660	Not reappointed	[48]
Twisden, ThomasThomas Twisden	d. 2 January 1683	27 June 1660 – 2 January 1683	Died	[48]
Wyndham, WadhamWadham Wyndham		24 November 1660 — 24/5 December 1668	Died	[48]
Kelynge, JohnJohn Kelynge		18 June 1663 – 21 November 1665	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[48]
Morton, WilliamWilliam Morton	d. 23 September 1672	23 November 1665 – 23 September 1672	Died	[49]
Raynsford, RichardRichard Raynsford		6 February 1669 – 12 April 1676	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[49]
Wilde, WilliamWilliam Wilde	d. 23 November 1679	21 January 1673 – 29 April 1679	Dismissed	[49]
Jones, ThomasThomas Jones		13 April 1676 – 29 September 1683	Became Chief Justice of the Common Pleas	[49]
Dolben, WilliamWilliam Dolben	d. 25 January 1694	23 October 1678 – 18 April 1683 18 March 1689 – 25 January 1694	Dismissed Died	[49]
Pemberton, FrancisFrancis Pemberton		1 May 1679 – 16 February 1680	Dismissed	[49]
Raymond, ThomasThomas Raymond	d. 14 July 1683	24 April 1680 – 14 July 1683	Died	[49]
Wythens, FrancisFrancis Wythens		25 April 1683 – 21 April 1687	Dismissed	[49]
Holloway, RichardRichard Holloway		25 September 1683 – 2 July 1688	Dismissed	[49]
Walcot, ThomasThomas Walcot	d. 6 September 1685	22 October 1683 – 6 September 1685	Died	[49]
Wright, RobertRobert Wright		10 October 1685 – 13 April 1687	Became Chief Justice of the Common Pleas	[49]
Powell, JohnJohn Powell		13 April 1687 – 2 July 1688	Dismissed	[50]
Allibond, RichardRichard Allibond	d. 22 August 1688	27 April 1687 – 22 August 1688	Died	[50]
Powell, ThomasThomas Powell		6 July 1688 — 1689	Not reappointed after the Glorious Revolution	[50]
Baldock, RobertRobert Baldock		6 July 1688 — 1689	Not reappointed after the Glorious Revolution	[50]
Stringer, ThomasThomas Stringer		22 October 1688 — 1689	Not reappointed after the Glorious Revolution	[50]
Gregory, WilliamWilliam Gregory	d. 28 May 1696	8 May 1689 – 28 May 1696	Died	[50]
Eyre, GilesGiles Eyre	d. 2 June 1695	8 May 1689 – 2 June 1695	Died	[50]
Eyre, SamuelSamuel Eyre	d. 12 September 1698	19 February 1694 – 12 September 1698	Died	[50]
Rokeby, ThomasThomas Rokeby	d. 26 November 1699	25 October 1695 – 26 November 1699	Died	[50]
Turton, JohnJohn Turton		27 June 1696 – 8 June 1702	Dismissed	[50]
Gould, HenryHenry Gould	d. 26 March 1710	30 January 1699 – 26 March 1710	Died	[50]
Powys, LittletonLittleton Powys		26 January 1701 – 26 October 1726	Retired	[51]
Powell, JohnJohn Powell		23 June 1702 – 2 June 1713	Retired	[51]
Eyre, RobertRobert Eyre		12 May 1710 – 21 November 1723	Became Chief Baron of the Exchequer	[51]
Powys, ThomasThomas Powys		3 June 1713 – 14 October 1714	Dismissed	[51]
Pratt, JohnJohn Pratt		20 November 1714 – 19 May 1718	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[51]
Fortescue Aland, JohnJohn Fortescue Aland		19 May 1718 – 27 September 1727	Dismissed	[51]
Raymond, RobertRobert Raymond		31 January 1724 – 2 March 1725	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[51]
Reynolds, JamesJames Reynolds		16 March 1725 – 28 April 1730	Became Chief Baron of the Exchequer	[51]
Probyn, EdmundEdmund Probyn		4 November 1726 – 24 November 1740	Became Chief Baron of the Exchequer	[51]
Page, FrancisFrancis Page	d. 19 December 1741	27 September 1727 – 19 December 1741	Died	[51]
Lee, WilliamWilliam Lee		13 June 1730 – 8 June 1737	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[51]
Chapple, WilliamWilliam Chapple	d. 15 March 1745	16 June 1737 – 15 March 1745	Died	[52]
Wright, MartinMartin Wright		24 November 1740 – 6 February 1755	Retired	[52]
Denison, ThomasThomas Denison		11 February 1742 – 14 February 1765	Retired	[52]
Foster, MichaelMichael Foster	d. 7 November 1763	22 April 1745 – 7 November 1763	Died	[52]
Wilmot, John EardleyJohn Eardley Wilmot		11 February 1755 – 20 August 1766	Became Chief Justice of the Common Pleas	[52]
Yates, JosephJoseph Yates		23 January 1764 – 16 February 1770	Became a Justice of the Common Pleas	[52]
Aston, RichardRichard Aston	d. 1 March 1778	24 April 1765 – 1 March 1778	Died	[52]
Hewitt, JamesJames Hewitt		5 November 1766 – 24 November 1767	Became Lord Chancellor of Ireland	[52]
Willes, EdwardEdward Willes	d. 14 January 1787	29 January 1768 – 14 January 1787	Died	[52]
Blackstone, WilliamWilliam Blackstone		16 February 1770 – 25 June 1770	Became a Justice of the Common Pleas	[52]
Ashurst, William HenryWilliam Henry Ashurst		25 June 1770 – 3 June 1799	Retired	[52]
Buller, FrancisFrancis Buller		6 May 1778 – 18 June 1794	Became a Justice of the Common Pleas	[53]
Grose, NashNash Grose		9 February 1787 – 16 June 1813	Retired	[53]
Lawrence, SouldenSoulden Lawrence		18 June 1794 – 31 March 1808	Became a Justice of the Common Pleas	[53]
Le Blanc, SimonSimon Le Blanc	d. 15 April 1816	5 June 1799 – 15 April 1816	Died	[53]
Bayley, JohnJohn Bayley		7 May 1808 – 11 November 1830	Became a Baron of the Exchequer	[53]
Dampier, HenryHenry Dampier	d. 3 February 1816	23 June 1813 – 3 February 1816	Died	[53]
Holroyd, George SowleyGeorge Sowley Holroyd		20 February 1816 – 17 November 1828	Retired	[53]
Abbott, CharlesCharles Abbott		3 May 1816 – 4 November 1818	Became Chief Justice of the King's Bench	[53]
Best, WilliamWilliam Best		28 November 1818 – 15 April 1824	Became Chief Justice of the Common Pleas	[53]
Littledale, JosephJoseph Littledale		4 May 1824 – 11 February 1841	Retired	[53]
Parke, JamesJames Parke		17 November 1828 – 29 April 1834	Became a Baron of the Exchequer	[53]
Taunton, William EliasWilliam Elias Taunton	d. 11 January 1835	11 November 1830 – 11 January 1835	Died	[54]
Patteson, JohnJohn Patteson		11 November 1830 – 11 February 1852	Retired	[54]
Williams, JohnJohn Williams	d. 14/15 September 1846	29 April 1834 — 14/15 September 1846	Died	[54]
Coleridge, John TaylorJohn Taylor Coleridge		26 January 1835 – 14 June 1858	Retired	[54]
Wightman, WilliamWilliam Wightman	d. 10 December 1863	15 February 1841 – 10 December 1863	Died	[54]
Erle, WilliamWilliam Erle		27 October 1846 – 24 June 1859	Became Chief Justice of the Common Pleas	[54]
Crompton, Charles JohnCharles John Crompton	d. 30 October 1865	11 February 1852 – 30 October 1865	Died	[54]
Hill, HughHugh Hill		14 June 1858 – 3 December 1861	Retired	[54]
Blackburn, ColinColin Blackburn		28 June 1859 – 1 November 1875	Became a Justice of the High Court of Justice (Queen's Bench Division)	[54]
Mellor, JohnJohn Mellor		3 December 1861 – 1 November 1875	Became a Justice of the High Court of Justice (Queen's Bench Division)	[54]
Shee, WilliamWilliam Shee		19 December 1863 – 19 February 1868	Died	[54]
Lush, RobertRobert Lush		2 November 1865 – 1 November 1875	Became a Justice of the High Court of Justice (Queen's Bench Division)	[54]
Hannen, JamesJames Hannen		25 February 1868 – 20 November 1872	Became a Justice of the High Court of Justice (Probate Division	[55]
Hayes, GeorgeGeorge Hayes	d. 24 November 1869	25 August 1868 – 24 November 1869	Died	[55]
Quain, John RichardJohn Richard Quain		5 January 1872 – 1 November 1875	Became a Justice of the High Court of Justice (Queen's Bench Division)	[55]
Archibald, Thomas DicksonThomas Dickson Archibald		20 November 1872 – 6 February 1875	Became a Justice of the Common Pleas	[55]
Field, WilliamWilliam Field		6 February 1875 – 1 November 1875	Became a Justice of the High Court of Justice (Queen's Bench Division)	[55]

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2. Turner (1977) p.248
3. Brougham (1828) p.10
4. Mackay (2002) p.603
5. Sainty (1993) p.20
6. Sainty (1993) p.21
7. Huscroft, Richard (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Staines, Richard of (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
8. Sainty (1993) p.22
9. Foss (1870) p.629
10. Brand, Paul (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Saham, William (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
11. Brand, Paul (2004). "Oxford DNB: Hopton, Sir Walter of (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
12. Brand, Paul (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Saham, William of (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
13. Brand, Paul (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Thornton, Gilbert of (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
14. Brand, Paul (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Brabazon, Sir Roger (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 10 August 2010.
15. Foss (1870) p.425
16. Sainty (1993) p.23
17. Brand, Paul (2004). "Oxford DNB article:Rothbury, Gilbert (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
18. Brand, Paul (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Ormesby, Sir William (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
19. Brand, Paul (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Spigurnel, Sir Henry (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
20. Bothwell, J. S. "Oxford DNB article: Malbethorpe, Sir Robert (subscription needed)". Retrieved 16 August 2010.
21. Jefferies, P. J. (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Stonor, Sir John (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
22. Summerson, Henry (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Baynard, Robert (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 18 August 2010.
23. Sainty (1993) p.63
24. Sainty (1993) p.24
25. Brand, Paul (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Hambury, Sir Henry (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 18 August 2010.
26. Payling, S. J. (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Willoughby, Sir Richard (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
27. Ball (2005) p.72
28. Edward Foss notes that, given his appointment as a Baron of the Exchequer on 24 September 1332, his entries in the plea rolls as a Justice of the Kings Bench are "nothing more than an order for his salary as a baron, the titles not being always clearly distinguished"
29. Foss (1870) p.220
30. Kaeuper, Richard W. (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Shareshull, SIr William (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
31. Foss (1870) p.589
32. Sainty (1993) p.25
33. Summerson, Henry (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Scott, Sir William (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
34. Summerson, Henry (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Baukwell, Roger (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
35. Summerson, Henry (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Basset, Sir William (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
36. Kaeuper, Richard W. (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Thorp, Sir William (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
37. Kaeuper, Richard W. (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Seton, Thomas". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
38. Sainty (1993) p.26
39. Sainty (1993) p.27
40. Sainty (1993) p.28
41. Baker, J. H. (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Fitzjames, Sir John (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
42. Sainty (1993) p.29
43. Baker, J. H. (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Portman, Sir William (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
44. Baker, J.H. (2004). "Oxford DNB article: Dyer, Sir James (subscription needed)". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
45. Sainty (1993) p.30
46. Sainty (1993) p.31
47. Sainty (1993) p.32
48. Sainty (1993) p.33
49. Sainty (1993) p.34
50. Sainty (1993) p.35
51. Sainty (1993) p.36
52. Sainty (1993) p.37
53. Sainty (1993) p.38
54. Sainty (1993) p.39
55. Sainty (1993) p.40

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