Karamchedu massacre
Karamchedu massacre refers to an incident which occurred in Karamchedu, Andhra Pradesh on 17 July 1985,[1] where a conflict between Dalits and upper caste landlords predominantly from the 'Kamma' caste resulted in the killing of 6 Dalits and grievous injuries to 20 more.[2] After a long legal battle that went up to the Supreme Court, 1 person was given life imprisonment and 30 more were sentenced to a prison term of 3 years.[3][4] The initial main accused, Daggubati Chenchu Ramaiah, father of then-MLA of Parchur, Daggubati Venkateswara Rao was brutally assassinated by Naxalites in 1989 as retaliation.[5]
History
Kammas, a people of forward caste, flourished on all fronts all over the State. They raised cotton, tobacco and other cash crops along with traditional crops. They monopolized trade, moneylending business and particularly cinema industry. The village landlord, Daggubati Chenchuramaiah, was related to TDP leader N. T. Rama Rao. His son, Daggubati Venkateswara Rao, was married to NTR's daughter.
Malas, Madigas and Yerukulas were living side by side in Karamchedu. After NTR had formed Telugu Desam Party, most Kammas joined it. Dalits remained in the Congress Party. NTR's son-in-law and Chenchuramaiah's son Daggubati Venkateswara Rao contested for and won the MLA seat.
The Massacre- July 17th, 1985
Two Kamma youth, Potina Seenu and Rayineedu Prasad, took their buffaloes to the drinking water tank in Madigapalle. They fed the buffaloes with washings of rice in buckets. While they were washing the dirty buckets in the tank, Katti Chandraiah, a Dalit boy, objected to it. His courage angered Seenu and Prasad. They were about to beat up Chandraiah when Munnangi Suvaartha, a Madiga woman, came to the tank to collect water. She tried to protect the boy from the attack of Kamma youths. Seenu and Prasad threw hunters at her. She lifted her vessel and warded off the hunters. Suvaartha's lifting of vessel in self-defence became a pretext for Kammas, who were itching for a fresh quarrel with Madigas after the election clash. They used the trivial occasion for a ghastly attack on Madigas. Duddu Moshe, Duddu Ramesh, Tella Yehoshua, Tella Moshe, Tella Muthaiah and Duddu Abraham were axed to death. In fact, eight Dalits were killed in the Kammas' attack.[6]
Aftermath
There are two cases with identical charges of conspiracy, rioting, rape and murder against them. While the police have 94 people as the accused in their case ready for trial, in the other case, tiled by the Harijans, another 70 have been named.[7]
Subsequent to the massacre, the People's War Group killed the key accused Daggubati Chenchu Ramaiah, father of Venkateswara Rao. The Naxalites claimed that the murder of Ramaiah was a fitting reply to the upper castes of the village. The furious agitations of Dalits under the banner of Dalitha Mahasabha (DMS) led by Katti Padma Rao, now a PRP leader, made the government to accept all their demands, including naming of about 150 people accused in the case.
The government had to announce a special package for the victims. The government also provided jobs to all the family members of the victims in addition to granting agriculture land, industries and loans. A separate colony, Vijayanagar Colony, was construced to cool down the frayed tempers of Dalits. Though the NTR government did a lot to control the damage, it ultimately lost power in the 1989 elections.[8]
Court trial
The trial court in Ongole had convicted 159 people to life imprisonment, which was later struck down by the AP High Court. Though a special leave petition was filed in the Supreme Court on October 24, 1998, it was on December 19, 2008—a clear 10 years later—that a bench of the apex court, consisting of Justice B N Agarwal and Justice G S Singhvi, upheld the conviction of the trial court. However, it sentenced the main accused, Anjaiah, to life term and 29 others to three years of jail in the case. Justice (retd) M N Rao appeared on behalf of the state of Andhra Pradesh at the proceedings.
In 1994, the additional sessions judge, Guntur, had given life sentence to five accused and three years' imprisonment for several others. However, a division bench of the AP High Court set aside the conviction on July 24, 1998, and acquitted the accused.[9]
There are two cases with identical charges of conspiracy, rioting, rape and murder against them. While the police have 94 people as the accused in their case ready for trial, in the other case, tiled by the Harijans, another 70 have been named.
After examining 90 witnesses from among the Harijans, the third Additional Munsif Magistrate, Chirala, M. Ramadas felt there was a prima facie case against 140 out of the 164 accused. Of them, 49 were charged with murder, and the others with rape, rioting and unlawful assembly.[10]
References
- ↑ http://www.unipune.ac.in/snc/cssh/HumanRights/05%20STATE%20AGRICULTURE%20FOREST%20DALITS%20AND%20TRIBALS/08.pdf
- ↑ http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-12-20/hyderabad/27889860_1_upper-caste-dalits-life-imprisonment
- ↑ http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-12-20/hyderabad/27889860_1_upper-caste-dalits-life-imprisonment
- ↑ http://zeenews.india.com/states/2008-12-19/492442news.html
- ↑ http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/ramaiah-murder-case-three-accused-acquitted/article4719328.ece
- ↑ "Round Table India - History of Karamchedu and what actually happened ?". Round Table India. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ↑ "Harijans in Karamchedu village in Andhra Pradesh fight doggedly for justice". indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ↑ "SC convicts 31 in Karamchedu Dalit massacre - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ↑ "Harijans in Karamchedu village in Andhra Pradesh fight doggedly for justice". indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ↑ "Harijans in Karamchedu village in Andhra Pradesh fight doggedly for justice". indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 2016-03-25.