Keystone–Loening Air Yacht

C-4C, K-85 Air Yacht
Role	Utility amphibian
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Loening, Keystone-Loening
Designer	Grover Loening
First flight	1928
Number built	4

The Loening C-4C, later the Keystone-Loening K-85 Air Yacht following the merger of the Loening and Keystone companies, was an amphibious utility biplane built in the United States in the late 1920s. It was developed by Grover Loening from the C-1 that he had created together with Leroy Grumman, incorporating a new fuselage design. This departed from the characteristic Loening design feature of having a slender, "shoehorn" float projecting from the underside of the fuselage with an engine mounted tractor-fashion above it. Instead, the C-4C had a conventional flying-boat hull, with an enclosed cabin for passengers. The engine was mounted in a separate nacelle on the leading edge of the upper wing.

Two C-4Cs were built in 1928, shortly before the corporate merger. In 1931, Keystone-Loening built two examples of a revised version, but no further production ensued.

Specifications (K-85 Air Yacht)

General characteristics

• Crew: One pilot
• Capacity: 7 passengers
• Length: 37 ft 2 in (11.33 m)
• Wingspan: 46 ft 8 in (14.22 m)
• Powerplant: 1 × Wright Cyclone, 525 hp (390 kW)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 130 mph (210 km/h)
• Range: 500 miles (800 km)

References

• Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 525.
• aerofiles.com