Kholmsky District, Novgorod Oblast

For other places with the same name, see Kholmsky District.
Kholmsky District
Холмский район (Russian)

Location of Kholmsky District in Novgorod Oblast
Coordinates: 57°09′N 31°11′E / 57.150°N 31.183°E / 57.150; 31.183Coordinates: 57°09′N 31°11′E / 57.150°N 31.183°E / 57.150; 31.183

The Lovat River in Kholm, Kholmsky District
Location
Country Russia
Federal subject Novgorod Oblast[1]
Administrative structure (as of February 2013)
Administrative center town of Kholm[1]
Administrative divisions:[2]
Towns of district significance 1
Settlements 3
Inhabited localities:[2]
Cities/towns 1
Rural localities 135
Municipal structure (as of March 2013)
Municipally incorporated as Kholmsky Municipal District[3]
Municipal divisions:[3]
Urban settlements 1
Rural settlements 3
Statistics
Area (municipal district) 2,178.69 km2 (841.20 sq mi)[4]
Population (2010 Census) 6,177 inhabitants[5]
• Urban 62.0%
• Rural 38.0%
Density 2.84/km2 (7.4/sq mi)[6]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[7]
Established August 1, 1927[8]
Official website
Kholmsky District on WikiCommons

Kholmsky District (Russian: Хо́лмский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[3] district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Poddorsky District in the north, Maryovsky District in the east, Andreapolsky District of Tver Oblast in the southeast, Toropetsky District of Tver Oblast in the south, Loknyansky District of Pskov Oblast in the southwest, and with Bezhanitsky District of Pskov Oblast in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,178.69 square kilometers (841.20 sq mi).[4] Its administrative center is the town of Kholm.[1] Population: 6,177 (2010 Census);[5] 7,712 (2002 Census);[9] 9,174 (1989 Census).[10] The population of Kholm accounts for 62.0% of the district's total population.[5]

Geography

The whole of the district lies in the basin of the Lovat River. The Lovat crosses the district from south to north. The main tributary of the Lovat within the district is the Kunya (right). The town of Kholm is located at the confluence of the Lovat and the Kunya. The western part of the district is occupied by the Polist-Lovat Swamp System located at the border between the basins of the Lovat and the Polist Rivers. In the middle of the swamp, in the northwestern corner of the district, there is Lake Rdeyskoye, the biggest lake in the district and the source of the Redya River, a major left tributary of the Lovat. The Polist-Lovat Swamp System is protected as the Rdeysky Nature Reserve, which is shared between Kholmsky and Poddorsky Districts.[11] 72% of the district's territory is covered by forests.[4]

History

The Lovat River was a part of the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, one of the oldest trading routes passing through Rus'. Kholm was first mentioned in an 1144 chronicle as Kholmsky Pogost. It was completely destroyed during the Livonian War of 1580-1581, but founded again at the same location in the 18th century.[12] In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off. Kholm was included into Velikiye Luki Province. In 1777, Kholm was chartered and became the seat of Pskov Viceroyalty (from 1796—of Pskov Governorate).[13]

On August 1, 1927, Pskov Governorate and its uyezds were abolished, and Kholmsky District was established as a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast, with the administrative center in the town of Kholm.[8] The district included parts of the former Kholmsky Uyezd.[8] On June 3, 1929, Kholmsky District was transferred to Velikiye Luki Okrug of Western Oblast.[14] On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[15] On January 29, 1935, the district was transferred to Kalinin Oblast.[8] Between August 1941 and spring of 1944, the area of the district was occupied by German troops. It was the scene of the Kholm Pocket from January 21 to May 5, 1942. On July 5, 1944, the district was transferred into newly established Novgorod Oblast, but already on August 22, 1944 it was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast.[16] On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished, and Kholmsky District was transferred to Pskov Oblast.[16] On July 29, 1958, it was transferred back to Novgorod Oblast[16] and remained there ever since.

On August 1, 1927 Troitsky District was established as well. It included parts of former Velikoluksky and Kholmsky Uyezds, and the administrative center of the district was located in the selo of Troitsa-Khlavitsa. The district was a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast, and on June 17, 1929 with the rest of the okrug it was transferred to Western Oblast. In August 1930, the district was renamed Lovatsky. On September 20, 1930 the district was abolished and split between Kholmsky and Loknyansky Districts.[17]

Another district established on August 1, 1927 was Bologovsky District with the administrative center located in the selo of Bologovo. The district was a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast, and on June 17, 1929 with the rest of the okrug it was transferred to Western Oblast. On September 20, 1930 the district was abolished and split between Kholmsky and Leninsky Districts.[18]

On March 10, 1945, Podberezinsky District with the administrative center in the selo of Podberezye was established. It included parts of Loknyansky, Kholmsky, and Ploskoshsky Districts. The district was a part of Velikiye Luki Oblast. On October 2, 1957, the district was transferred to Pskov Oblast. On January 14, 1958, the district was abolished and split between Kholmsky, Loknyansky, Velikoluksky, and Ploskoshsky Districts.[17]

Economy

Industry

The economy of the district is based on timber industry, which makes up 90% of its gross product.[4]

Agriculture

As of 2011, there were twenty-three large- and mid-scale farms in the district. Agriculture specializes mainly in cattle breeding as well as crops and potato growing.[19]

Transportation

Kholm is connected by roads to Staraya Russa, to Bezhanitsy, to Demyansk via Maryovo, and to Toropets.

The Lovat is not navigable within the limits of the district.

Culture and recreation

The district contains eighty monuments classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[20] Most of these are archaeological sites and graves of soldiers fallen in World War II.

Rdeysky Monastery is a notable monument located on the eastern shore of Lake Rdeyskoye. It was founded not later that the 17th century and abolished in the 1930s. There are no roads leading to the monastery and no villages close to it, and the ensemble of the monastery remains an attraction albeit one which is difficult to reach.

Kholm hosts the Kholm District Museum which was opened in 1983.[21]

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Law #559-OZ
  2. 1 2 Resolution #121
  3. 1 2 3 Law #353-OZ
  4. 1 2 3 4 Холмский район (in Russian). Администрация Холмского муниципального района. 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2012.
  5. 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  6. ↑ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
  7. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  8. 1 2 3 4 Administrative-Territorial Division of Pskov Oblast, pp. 110–111
  9. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  10. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  11. ↑ Рдейский заповедник (in Russian). ООПТ России. Retrieved May 31, 2012.
  12. ↑ История Холмского района (in Russian). Администрация Холмского муниципального района. 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2012.
  13. ↑ Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 506. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  14. ↑ Snytko et al., p. 143
  15. ↑ Snytko et al., pp. 87–88
  16. 1 2 3 Snytko et al., p. 240
  17. 1 2 Герасимёнок, Т. Е.; Н. В. Коломыцева, И. С. Пожидаев, С. М. Фёдоров, К. И. Карпов (2002). Территориальное деление Псковской области (in Russian). Pskov. ISBN 5-94542-031-X.
  18. ↑ Справка об изменениях в административно-территориальном делении Тверской губернии - Калининской области (in Russian). Архивы России. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
  19. ↑ Экономика (in Russian). Администрация Холмского муниципального района. 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2012.
  20. ↑ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
  21. ↑ Музей Холмского района (in Russian). МУК "Музей истории Холмского района". Retrieved March 3, 2012.

Sources

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